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What is Visual Studio and Why Should You Use It?

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# 1. What is Visual Studio? Visual Studio, as an Integrated Development Environment (IDE), plays a crucial role in the field of software development. Here is a detailed definition and history of Visual Studio: ### 2.1 Definition of Visual Studio Visual Studio is an integrated development environment (IDE) launched by Microsoft, mainly used for software development, website development, and mobile application development. It provides a wealth of tools and features to help developers code, debug, test, and deploy efficiently. ### 2.2 Development History of Visual Studio | Release Version | Release Date | Main Features | |-----------------|-----------------|-------------------------------------------------------------| | Visual Studio 97 | 1997 | The first released version of Visual Studio, providing basic IDE functions. | | *** | 2002 | *** Framework support, enhancing multi-language development capabilities. | | Visual Studio 2005 | 2005 | Provided more powerful debugging tools and performance optimization features. | | Visual Studio 2010 | 2010 | Introduced WPF interface and multi-threaded debugging tools, improving the development experience. | | Visual Studio 2015 | 2015 | Introduced cross-platform development capabilities and Azure integration, strengthening cloud development support. | | Visual Studio 2019 | 2019 | Offered faster startup speeds and more powerful code analysis tools. | After years of development, Visual Studio has continuously iterated and updated, gradually becoming one of the preferred integrated development environments for developers. While adding new features, it has also made significant progress in improving development efficiency and user experience. # 2. Main Components of Visual Studio ### 2.1 Visual Studio IDE Visual Studio IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is one of the main components of Visual Studio, providing an integrated development environment that allows developers to perform code writing, debugging, building, and deploying operations in one interface. Here are some of the main features of the Visual Studio IDE: - Provides an intuitive user interface for developers to easily edit and manage code. - Equipped with a powerful code editor that supports code highlighting, intelligent suggestions, and other features. - Integrates various tools and plugins, such as debuggers, performance analyzers, testing tools, etc., to help developers improve their work efficiency. Below is a simple example code demonstrating the process of writing a C# console application in the Visual Studio IDE: ```csharp using System; namespace HelloWorld { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!"); } } } ``` ### 2.2 Visual Studio Code Editor Visual Studio Code Editor is another important component in Visual Studio, offering a lightweight code editor suitable for various programming languages and development scenarios. Here are some features of the Visual Studio Code Editor: - Supports multiple programming languages, including but not limited to Python, JavaScript, TypeScript, etc. - Provides a rich collection of plugins and extension libraries that can be customized and extended as needed. - Features intelligent code completion, Git integration, debugging support, etc., to improve development efficiency. Below is an example of writing JavaScript code using the Visual Studio Code Editor: ```javascript function greet(name) { return "Hello, " + name + "!"; } console.log(greet("World")); ``` These are the two main components of Visual Studio, which together form a powerful and flexible development environment, meeting developers' needs for different projects. Next, we will delve into the features and characteristics of Visual Studio. # 3. Features and Characteristics of Visual Studio Visual Studio, as a powerful integrated development environment, has many unique features and characteristics that allow developers to perform software development more efficiently. Below we will详细介绍 the main features and characteristics of Visual Studio: #### 3.1 Integrated Development Environment Visual Studio provides a unified interface that integrates various tools and features, enabling developers to complete the entire software development process in one environment, including writing, debugging, and deploying. Here are some of the main features of the Visual Studio integrated development environment: - **Code Editor**: Provides code auto-completion, syntax highlighting, and supports multiple programming languages. - **Debugger**: Powerful debugging tools help developers quickly locate and resolve issues in their code. - **Vis
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请查看以下的C++代码的编写要求，请根据代码要求开始编写代码 PURPOSE: This file is a proforma for the EEET2246 Laboratory Code Submission/Test 1. This file defines the assessment task which is worth 10% of course in total - there is no other documentation. At the BASIC FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS level, your goal is to write a program that takes two numbers from the command line and perform and arithmetic operations with them. Additionally your program must be able to take three command line arguments where if the last argument is 'a' an addition is performed, and if 's' then subtraction is performed with the first two arguments. At the FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS level you will be required to extend on the functionality so that the third argument can also be 'm' for multiplication,'d' for division and 'p' for exponential operations, using the first two arguments as the operands. Additionally, at this level basic error detection and handling will be required. The functionality of this lab is relatively simple: + - / * and "raised to the power of" The emphasis in this lab is to achieve the BASIC FUNCTIONALITY REQUIREMENTS first. Once you a basic program functioning then you should attempt the FUNCTIONALITY REQUIREMENTS and develop your code so that it can handle a full range of error detection and handling. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___ GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS (mostly common to all three EEET2246 Laboratory Code Submissions): G1. You must rename your file to lab1_1234567.cpp, where 1234567 is your student number. Your filename MUST NEVER EVER contain any spaces. _under_score_is_Fine. You do not need to include the 's' in front of your student number. Canvas will rename your submission by adding a -1, -2 etc. if you resubmit your solution file - This is acceptable. G2. Edit the name/email address string in the main() function to your student number, student email and student name. The format of the student ID line is CSV (Comma Separated Variables) with NO SPACES- student_id,student_email,student_name When the program is run without any operands i.e. simply the name of the executable such as: lab1_1234567.exe the program MUST print student ID string in Comma Separated Values (CSV) format with no spaces. For example the following text should be outputted to the console updated with your student details: "1234567,[email protected],FirstName_LastName" G3. All outputs are a single error character or a numerical number, as specified by the FUNCTIONAL REQURMENTS, followed by a linefeed ( endl or \n). G4. DO NOT add more than what is specified to the expected console output. Do NOT add additional information, text or comments to the output console that are not defined within the SPECIFICATIONS/FUNCTIONAL REQURMENTS. G5. DO NOT use 'cin', system("pause"), getchar(), gets(), etc. type functions. Do NOT ask for user input from the keyboard. All input MUST be specified on the command line separated by blank spaces (i.e. use the argv and argc input parameters). G6. DO NOT use the characters: * / \ : ^ ? in your command line arguments as your user input. These are special character and may not be processed as expected, potentially resulting in undefined behaviour of your program. G7. All input MUST be specified on the command line separated by blank spaces (i.e. use the argc and argv[] input parameters). All input and output is case sensitive unless specified. G8. You should use the Integrated Debugging Environment (IDE) to change input arguments during the development process. G9. When your code exits the 'main()' function using the 'return' command, you MUST use zero as the return value. This requirement is for exiting the 'main()' function ONLY. A return value other than zero will indicate that something went wrong to the Autotester and no marks will be awarded. G10. User-defined functions and/or class declarations must be written before the 'main()' function. This is a requirement of the Autotester and failure to do so will result in your code scoring 0% as it will not be compiled correctly by the Autotester. Do NOT put any functions/class definitions after the 'main()' function or modify the comments and blank lines at the end of this file. G11. You MUST run this file as part of a Project - No other *.cpp or *.h files should be added to your solution. G12. You are not permitted to add any other #includes statements to your solution. The only libraries permitted to be used are the ones predefined in this file. G13. Under no circumstances is your code solution to contain any go_to labels - Please note that the '_' has been added to this description so that this file does not flag the Autotester. Code that contains go_to label like syntax will score 0% and will be treated as code that does not compile. G14. Under no circumstances is your code solution to contain any exit_(0) type functions. Please note that the '_' has been added to this description so that this file does not flag the Autotester. Your solution must always exit with a return 0; in main(). Code that contains exit_(0); label like syntax will score 0% and will be treated as code that does not compile. G15. Under no circumstances is your code solution to contain an infinite loop constructs within it. For example usage of while(1), for(int i; ; i++) or anything similar is not permitted. Code that contains an infinite loop will result in a score of 0% for your assessment submission and will be treated as code that does not compile. G16. Under no circumstances is your code solution to contain any S_l_e_e_p() or D_e_l_a_y() like statements - Please note that the '_' has been added to this description so that this file does not flag the Autotester. You can use such statements during your development, however you must remove delays or sleeps from your code prior to submission. This is important, as the Autotester will only give your solution a limited number of seconds to complete (i.e. return 0 in main()). Failure for your code to complete the required operation/s within the allotted execution window will result in the Autotester scoring your code 0 marks for that test. To test if your code will execute in the allotted execution window, check that it completes within a similar time frame as the provided sample binary. G17. Under no circumstances is your code solution to contain any characters from the extended ASCII character set or International typeset characters. Although such characters may compile under a normal system, they will result in your code potentially not compiling under the Autotester environment. Therefore, please ensure that you only use characters: a ... z, A ... Z, 0 ... 9 as your variable and function names or within any literal strings defined within your code. Literal strings can contain '.', '_', '-', and other basic symbols. G18. All output to console should be directed to the standard console (stdout) via cout. Do not use cerr or clog to print to the console. G19. The file you submit must compile without issues as a self contained *.cpp file. Code that does not compile will be graded as a non-negotiable zero mark. G20. All binary numbers within this document have the prefix 0b. This notation is not C++ compliant (depending on the C++ version), however is used to avoid confusion between decimal, hexadecimal and binary number formats within the description and specification provided in this document. For example the number 10 in decimal could be written as 0xA in hexadecimal or 0b1010 in binary. It can equally be written with leading zeroes such as: 0x0A or 0b00001010. For output to the console screen you should only ever display the numerical characters only and omit the 0x or 0b prefixes (unless it is specifically requested). ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___ BASIC FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS (doing these alone will only get you to approximately 40%): M1. For situation where NO command line arguments are passed to your program: M1.1 Your program must display your correct student details in the format: "3939723,[email protected],Yang_Yang" M2. For situation where TWO command line arguments are passed to your program: M2.1 Your program must perform an addition operation, taking the first two arguments as the operands and display only the result to the console with a new line character. Example1: lab1_1234567.exe 10 2 which should calculate 10 + 2 = 12, i.e. the last (and only) line on the console will be: 12 M3. For situations where THREE command line arguments are passed to your program: M3.1 If the third argument is 'a', your program must perform an addition operation, taking the first two arguments as the operands and display only the result to the console with a new line character. M3.2 If the third argument is 's', your program must perform a subtraction operation, taking the first two arguments as the operands and display only the result to the console with a new line character. The second input argument should be subtracted from the first input argument. M4. For situations where less than TWO or more than THREE command line arguments are passed to your program, your program must display the character 'P' to the console with a new line character. M5. For specifications M1 to M4 inclusive: M5.1 Program must return 0 under all situations at exit. M5.2 Program must be able to handle integer arguments. M5.3 Program must be able to handle floating point arguments. M5.4 Program must be able to handle one integer and one floating point argument in any order. Example2: lab1_1234567.exe 10 2 s which should calculate 10 - 2 = 8, i.e. the last (and only) line on the console will be: 8 Example3: lab1_1234567.exe 10 2 which should calculate 10 + 2 = 12, i.e. the last (and only) line on the console will be: 12 Example4: lab1_1234567.exe 10 4 a which should calculate 10 + 4 = 14, i.e. the last (and only) line on the console will be: 14 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___ FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS (to get over approximately 50%): E1. For situations where THREE command line arguments (other than 'a' or 's') are passed to your program: E1.1 If the third argument is 'm', your program must perform a multiplication operation, taking the first two arguments as the operands and display only the result to the console with a new line character. E1.2 If the third argument is 'd', your program must perform a division operation, taking the first two arguments as the operands and display only the result to the console with a new line character. E1.3 If the third argument is 'p', your program must perform an exponential operation, taking the first argument as the base operand and the second as the exponent operand. The result must be display to the console with a new line character. Hint: Consider using the pow() function, which has the definition: double pow(double base, double exponent); Example5: lab1_1234567.exe 10 2 d which should calculate 10 / 2 = 5, i.e. the last (and only) line on the console will be: 5 Example6: lab1_1234567.exe 10 2 p which should calculate 10 to power of 2 = 100, i.e. the last (and only) line on the console will be: 100 NOTE1: DO NOT use the character ^ in your command line arguments as your user input. Question: Why don't we use characters such as + - * / ^ ? to determine the operation? Answer: Arguments passed via the command line are processed by the operating system before being passed to your program. During this process, special characters such as + - * / ^ ? are stripped from the input argument stream. Therefore, the input characters: + - * / ^ ? will not be tested for by the autotester. See sections G6 and E7. NOTE2: the pow() and powl() function/s only work correctly for given arguments. Hence, your code should output and error if there is a domain error or undefined subset of values. For example, if the result does not produce a real number you code should handle this as an error. This means that if the base is negative you can't accept and exponent between (but not including) -1 and 1. If you get this then, output a MURPHY's LAW error: "Y" and return 0; NOTE3: zero to the power of zero is also undefined, and should also be treated MURPHY's LAW error. So return "Y" and return 0; In Visual Studio, the 0 to the power of 0 will return 1, so you will need to catch this situation manually, else your code will likely calculate the value as 1. ___ REQUIRED ERROR HANDLING (to get over approximately 70%): The following text lists errors you must detect and a priority of testing. NB: order of testing is important as each test is slight more difficult than the previous test. All outputs should either be numerical or upper-case single characters (followed by a new line). Note that case is important: In C, 'V' is not the same as 'v'. (No quotes are required on the output). E2. Valid operator input: If the third input argument is not a valid operation selection, the output shall be 'V'. Valid operators are ONLY (case sensitive): a addition s subtraction m multiplication d division p exponentiation i.e. to the power of: 2 to the power of 3 = 8 (base exponent p) E3. Basic invalid number detection (Required): Valid numbers are all numbers that the "average Engineering graduate" in Australia would consider valid. Therefore if the first two arguments are not valid decimal numbers, the output shall be 'X'. For example: -130 is valid +100 is valid 1.3 is valid 3 is valid 0.3 is valid .3 is valid ABC123 is not valid 1.3.4 is not valid 123abc is not valid ___ ERROR HANDLING (not marked by the autotester): E4. Intermediate invalid number detection (NOT TESTED BY AUTOTESTER - for your consideration only): If the first two arguments are not valid decimal numbers, the output shall be 'X'. Using comma punctuated numbers and scientific formatted numbers are considered valid. For example: 0000.111 is valid 3,000 is valid - NB: atof() will read this as '3' not as 3000 1,000.9 is valid - NB: atof() will read this as '1' not as 1000.9 1.23e2 is valid 2E2 is valid -3e-0.5 is not valid (an integer must follow after the e or E for floating point number to be valid) 2E2.1 is not valid e-1 is not valid .e3 is not valid E5. Advanced invalid number detection (NOT TESTED BY AUTOTESTER - for your consideration only): If the first two arguments are not valid decimal numbers, the output shall be 'X'. 1.3e-1 is valid 1,00.0 is valid - NB: if the comma is not removed atof() will read this as '1' not as 100 +212+21-2 is not valid - NB: mathematical operation on a number of numbers, not ONE number 5/2 is not valid - NB: mathematical operation on a number of numbers, not ONE number HINT: consider the function atof(), which has the definition: double atof (const char* str); Checking the user input for multiple operators (i.e. + or -) is quite a difficult task. One method may involve writing a 'for' loop which steps through the input argv[] counting the number of operators. This process could also be used to count for decimal points and the like. The multiple operator check should be considered an advanced task and developed once the rest of the code is operational. E6. 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Division by zero should produce output 'M' E9. Error precedence: If multiple errors occur during a program execution event, your program should only display one error code followed by a newline character and then exit (using a return 0; statement). In general, the precedence of the error reported to the console should be displayed in the order that they appear within this proforma. However to clarify the exact order or precedence for the error characters, the precedence of the displayed error code should occur in this order: 'P' - Incorrect number of input command line arguments (see M4) 'X' - Invalid numerical command line argument 'V' - Invalid third input argument 'R' - operand (command line argument) value out of range 'M' - Division by zero 'Y' - MURPHY'S LAW (undefined error) Therefore if an invalid numerical command line argument and an invalid operation argument are passed to the program, the first error code should be displayed to the console, which in this case would be 'X'. 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