利用持续集成实现更快的构建、测试和发布

### 利用持续集成实现更快的构建、测试和发布在软件开发中，持续集成（Continuous Integration，简称 CI）是一种能够显著提升开发周期效率的方法。它结合了工程师的良好习惯和一些工具，帮助团队更好地协作、编写更优质的代码、更频繁地发布软件，并更快地获得反馈。用户期望新功能能够快速发布，开发者也希望看到自己的工作成果，而持续集成能让各方都从中受益。本文将详细介绍如何使用 Terraform 和 Salt 技能，在 AWS 上部署一个包含 Jenkins（v2）CI 服务器的持续集成环境。 #### 持续集成环境部署的主要阶段持续集成环境的部署可以分为三个主要阶段： 1. **准备基础设施即代码（Infrastructure as Code，简称 IaC）部署**：编写 Terraform 模板来配置 VPC 和 EC2 实例，编写 Salt States 以在 EC2 实例上安装 Jenkins、NGINX 等软件。 2. **部署 IaC**：部署 Terraform 模板和 Salt States。 3. **设置 CI**：为演示应用程序的持续集成配置 Jenkins 管道。 #### 准备 IaC 根据基础设施即代码的原则，本次部署主要以模板驱动。我们会尝试复用之前的一些 Terraform 和 Salt 代码。 ##### Terraform 模板对于本次设置，我们可以简化模板，只需要 VPC、一些网络组件和一个 EC2 实例。以下是 TF 存储库中的文件内容： - **变量** - **VPC 相关变量**： ```terraform variable "aws-region" { type = "string" description = "AWS region" } variable "vpc-cidr" { type = "string" description = "VPC CIDR" } variable "vpc-name" { type = "string" description = "VPC name" } variable "aws-availability-zones" { type = "string" description = "AWS zones" } ``` - **EC2 相关变量**： ```terraform variable "jenkins-ami-id" { type="string" description = "EC2 AMI identifier" } variable "jenkins-instance-type" { type = "string" description = "EC2 instance type" } variable "jenkins-key-name" { type = "string" description = "EC2 ssh key name" } ``` - **变量值** - **VPC 变量值**： ```plaintext aws-region = "us-east-1" vpc-cidr = "10.0.0.0/16" vpc-name = "Terraform" aws-availability-zones = "us-east-1b,us-east-1c" ``` - **EC2 变量值**： ```plaintext jenkins-ami-id = "ami-6869aa05" jenkins-instance-type = "t2.nano" jenkins-key-name = "terraform" ``` - **资源** - **创建 VPC**： ```terraform # Set a Provider provider "aws" { region = "${var.aws-region}" } # Create a VPC resource "aws_vpc" "terraform-vpc" { cidr_block = "${var.vpc-cidr}" tags { Name = "${var.vpc-name}" } } ``` - **添加网络组件** - **IGW（互联网网关）**： ```terraform # Create an Internet Gateway resource "aws_internet_gateway" "terraform-igw" { vpc_id = "${aws_vpc.terraform-vpc.id}" } ``` - **路由表**： ```terraform # Create public route tables resource "aws_route_table" "public" { vpc_id = "${aws_vpc.terraform-vpc.id}" route { cidr_block = "0.0.0.0/0" gateway_id = "${aws_internet_gateway.terraform-igw.id}" } tags { Name = "Public" } } ``` - **子网**： ```terraform # Create and associate public subnets with a route table resource "aws_subnet" "public-1" { vpc_id = "${aws_vpc.terraform-vpc.id}" cidr_block = "${cidrsubnet(var.vpc-cidr, 8, 1)}" availability_zone = "${element(split(",",var.aws-availability-zones), count.index)}" map_public_ip_on_launch = true tags { Name = "Public" } } resource "aws_route_table_association" "public-1" { subnet_id = "${aws_subnet.public-1.id}" route_table_id = "${aws_route_table.public.id}" } ``` - **添加 EC2 节点和相关资源** - **安全组**： ```terraform resource "aws_security_group" "jenkins" { name = "jenkins" description = "ec2 instance security group" vpc_id = "${aws_vpc.terraform-vpc.id}" ingress { from_port = "22" to_port = "22" protocol = "tcp" cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"] } ingress { from_port = "80" to_port = "80" protocol = "tcp" cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"] } ingress { from_port = "443" to_port = "443" protocol = "tcp" cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"] } egress { from_port = 0 to_port = 0 protocol = "-1" cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"] } } ``` - **IAM 角色**： ```terraform resource "aws_iam_role" "jenkins" { name = "jenkins" path = "/" assume_role_policy = <<EOF { "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Action": "sts:AssumeRole", "Princ ```