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next-quick-sort:掌握JavaScript快速排序新方法

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是一个JavaScript库,它封装了快速排序算法,可以快速地对数组进行排序。快速排序是一种高效的排序算法,它采用了分治策略,通过一个基准值将数组分成两部分,其中一部分的所有数据都比基准值小,另一部分的所有数据都比基准值大,然后递归地对这两部分继续进行排序操作。 快速排序算法的特点是平均情况下具有很好的性能,时间复杂度为O(n log n),而在最坏的情况下时间复杂度为O(n^2),但这种情况较少出现。快速排序算法之所以称为“快速”,是因为它在大多数情况下能够快速地将数组排序,并且其内部循环的执行时间很短,这意味着它拥有较好的缓存性能。 在"next-quick-sort"库中,提供了快速排序的实现,并且可以通过简单的命令安装和使用。安装命令为: ```bash npm install -S @jswork/next-quick-sort ``` 安装完成后,开发者可以按照以下方式引入并使用快速排序功能: ```javascript import '@jswork/next-quick-sort'; const array = [ 3 , 44 , 38 , 5 , 47 , 15 , 36 , 26 , 27 , 2 , 46 , 4 , 19 , 50 , 48 ]; nx.quickSort(array); // 输出排序后的数组: [2, 3, 4, 5, 15, 19, 26, 27, 36, 38, 44, 46, 47, 48, 50] ``` 上述代码中,`nx.quickSort`方法接受一个数组作为参数,并返回一个经过快速排序处理的新数组。需要注意的是,该方法返回的是一个新的数组实例,并不改变原数组。 在软件开发领域,算法和数据结构是非常核心的知识点。快速排序作为算法中的一种,广泛应用于数据处理和分析。掌握快速排序算法对于提高编程能力以及解决实际问题非常有帮助。不仅如此,快速排序算法也是面试中常常被提及的知识点,对于求职者来说,了解和熟悉快速排序算法的原理和实现方式,将有助于在面试中脱颖而出。 从文件名"next-quick-sort-master"可以看出,这个库拥有一个主版本分支,通常在版本控制系统中,如Git,"master"分支代表主分支,所有的正式发布版本都会在这个分支上进行。 最后,该库涉及的标签包括"algorithm"(算法)、"sort"(排序)、"quick"(快速)、"next"(下一个)、"JavaScript"(JavaScript语言),这表明了库的主要功能是作为JavaScript语言实现的快速排序算法。标签"next"可能暗示了这是一个现代化、简洁的快速排序实现,它可能提供了更简洁的接口或者更加符合现代JavaScript开发者的使用习惯。

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#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <termios.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <fcntl.h> // 2. 数据结构设计 typedef struct Student { int id; char name[50]; float score; struct Student *next; } Student; // 3. 功能模块 // 3.1 串口通信 void setup_serial_port(int fd) { struct termios tty; tcgetattr(fd, &tty); cfsetospeed(&tty, B9600); // 设置波特率为9600 cfsetispeed(&tty, B9600); tty.c_cflag &= ~PARENB; // 无奇偶校验 tty.c_cflag &= ~CSTOPB; // 1停止位 tty.c_cflag &= ~CSIZE; tty.c_cflag |= CS8; // 8位字符长度 tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &tty); } // 3.2 链表存储管理 Student* insert_student(Student *head, int id, const char *name, float score) { Student *new_student = (Student*)malloc(sizeof(Student)); if (!new_student) { fprintf(stderr, "内存分配失败\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } new_student->id = id; strcpy(new_student->name, name); new_student->score = score; new_student->next = head; return new_student; } void traverse_list(Student *head) { while (head != NULL) { printf("ID: %d, Name: %s, Score: %.2f\n", head->id, head->name, head->score); head = head->next; } } // 辅助函数 int list_length(Student *head) { int len = 0; while (head) { len++; head = head->next; } return len; } Student* get_node(Student *head, int index) { int i = 0; while (head && i < index) { head = head->next; i++; } return head; } void swap_nodes(Student *a, Student *b) { float temp = a->score; a->score = b->score; b->score = temp; int temp_id = a->id; a->id = b->id; b->id = temp_id; char temp_name[50]; strcpy(temp_name, a->name); strcpy(a->name, b->name); strcpy(b->name, temp_name); } // 新增:释放链表内存 void free_list(Student *head) { Student *temp; while (head) { temp = head; head = head->next; free(temp); } } // 3.3 排序算法实现 // 冒泡排序 void bubble_sort(Student **head) { if (*head == NULL) return; int swapped; Student *last = NULL; do { swapped = 0; Student *current = *head; while (current->next != last) { if (current->score > current->next->score) { swap_nodes(current, current->next); swapped = 1; } current = current->next; } last = current; } while (swapped); } // 分区函数(用于快速排序) void partition(Student *head, Student *pivot, Student **less_head, Student **greater_head) { Student *less_tail = NULL, *greater_tail = NULL; *less_head = NULL; *greater_head = NULL; Student *current = head; while (current) { Student *next = current->next; current->next = NULL; if (current->score <= pivot->score) { if (!*less_head) { *less_head = less_tail = current; } else { less_tail->next = current; less_tail = current; } } else { if (!*greater_head) { *greater_head = greater_tail = current; } else { greater_tail->next = current; greater_tail = current; } } current = next; } } // 连接函数(用于快速排序) Student* concatenate(Student *less, Student *pivot, Student *greater) { Student dummy; dummy.next = NULL; Student *tail = &dummy; if (less) { tail->next = less; while (tail->next) tail = tail->next; } tail->next = pivot; pivot->next = greater; return dummy.next; } // 快速排序 - 修复分区逻辑 void quick_sort(Student **head_ref) { Student *head = *head_ref; if (head == NULL || head->next == NULL) return; // 选择头节点作为枢轴 Student *pivot = head; Student *less_head = NULL, *greater_head = NULL; // 分区处理剩余节点 partition(head->next, pivot, &less_head, &greater_head); // 递归排序左右两部分 quick_sort(&less_head); quick_sort(&greater_head); // 连接结果 *head_ref = concatenate(less_head, pivot, greater_head); } // 希尔排序 - 优化为O(n^2)实现(链表不适合原始希尔排序) void shell_sort(Student **head) { if (!*head || !(*head)->next) return; Student *i, *j, *min; for (i = *head; i->next != NULL; i = i->next) { min = i; for (j = i->next; j != NULL; j = j->next) { if (j->score < min->score) { min = j; } } if (min != i) { swap_nodes(i, min); } } } // 3.4 成绩查询 Student* search_by_id(Student *head, int id) { while (head != NULL) { if (head->id == id) return head; head = head->next; } return NULL; } Student* search_by_name(Student *head, const char *name) { while (head != NULL) { if (strcmp(head->name, name) == 0) return head; head = head->next; } return NULL; } // 4. 主机与客户端交互 int main() { int fd = open("/dev/ttyS0", O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY); if (fd == -1) { perror("无法打开串口"); return -1; } setup_serial_port(fd); Student *head = NULL; char buffer[256]; // 设置非阻塞模式,添加退出机制 fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK); printf("开始接收学生数据(格式:ID 姓名 分数)\n"); printf("输入 'exit' 结束输入并排序\n"); while (1) { memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer)); int bytes = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1); if (bytes > 0) { // 移除换行符 buffer[strcspn(buffer, "\n")] = 0; // 检查退出命令 if (strcmp(buffer, "exit") == 0) { printf("退出接收模式,开始排序...\n"); break; } // 解析数据并验证 int id; char name[50]; float score; int fields = sscanf(buffer, "%d %49s %f", &id, name, &score); if (fields == 3) { head = insert_student(head, id, name, score); printf("已添加学生: %d %s %.2f\n", id, name, score); } else { printf("无效格式: %s\n", buffer); } } // 短暂休眠避免CPU占用过高 usleep(100000); // 100ms } // 实现排序和查询功能 if (head) { printf("\n排序前:\n"); traverse_list(head); // 使用快速排序 quick_sort(&head); printf("\n排序后:\n"); traverse_list(head); // 示例查询 Student *student = search_by_id(head, 2); if (student) { printf("\n找到ID=2的学生: %s, 分数: %.2f\n", student->name, student->score); } } else { printf("没有数据可排序\n"); } // 释放链表内存 free_list(head); close(fd); return 0; } 详细分析各部分功能

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#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <ctype.h> // 同学信息结构体 typedef struct Student { char name[50]; char gender; char phone[15]; char email[50]; char city[50]; struct Student* next; } Student; // 全局链表头指针 Student* head = NULL; // 创建新同学节点 Student* create_student() { Student* new_student = (Student*)malloc(sizeof(Student)); if (new_student == NULL) { printf("内存分配失败\n"); return NULL; } printf("请输入姓名: "); scanf("%s", new_student->name); printf("请输入性别(M/F): "); scanf(" %c", &new_student->gender); printf("请输入电话号码: "); scanf("%s", new_student->phone); printf("请输入邮箱: "); scanf("%s", new_student->email); printf("请输入所在城市: "); scanf("%s", new_student->city); new_student->next = NULL; return new_student; } // 添加同学到通讯录 void add_student() { Student* new_student = create_student(); if (new_student == NULL) return; if (head == NULL) { head = new_student; } else { Student* temp = head; while (temp->next != NULL) { temp = temp->next; } temp->next = new_student; } printf("同学信息添加成功!\n"); } // 删除同学信息 void delete_student(const char* name) { if (head == NULL) { printf("通讯录为空!\n"); return; } Student* current = head; Student* previous = NULL; while (current != NULL) { if (strcmp(current->name, name) == 0) { if (previous == NULL) { head = current->next; } else { previous->next = current->next; } free(current); printf("删除成功!\n"); return; } previous = current; current = current->next; } printf("未找到该同学: %s\n", name); } // 修改同学信息 void update_student(const char* name) { Student* current = head; while (current != NULL) { if (strcmp(current->name, name) == 0) { printf("请输入新的电话号码: "); scanf("%s", current->phone); printf("请输入新的邮箱: "); scanf("%s", current->email); printf("请输入新的所在城市: "); scanf("%s", current->city); printf("信息更新成功!\n"); return; } current = current->next; } printf("未找到该同学: %s\n", name); } // 打印同学信息 void print_student(Student* student) { printf("姓名: %-15s 性别: %c 电话: %-15s 邮箱: %-20s 城市: %s\n", student->name, student->gender, student->phone, student->email, student->city); } // 按姓名查询(线性查找) Student* search_by_name(const char* name) { Student* current = head; while (current != NULL) { if (strcmp(current->name, name) == 0) { return current; } current = current->next; } return NULL; } // 按城市查询 void search_by_city(const char* city) { Student* current = head; int found = 0; printf("\n--- 在 %s 的同学 ---\n", city); while (current != NULL) { if (strcmp(current->city, city) == 0) { print_student(current); found = 1; } current = current->next; } if (!found) { printf("未找到该城市的同学\n"); } } // 折半查找辅助函数(将链表转为数组) int convert_list_to_array(Student*** array) { int count = 0; Student* current = head; // 计算链表长度 while (current != NULL) { count++; current = current->next; } if (count == 0) return 0; // 分配数组内存 *array = (Student**)malloc(count * sizeof(Student*)); if (*array == NULL) { printf("内存分配失败\n"); return 0; } // 填充数组 current = head; for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { (*array)[i] = current; current = current->next; } return count; } // 按姓名折半查找 void binary_search_by_name(const char* name) { Student** array = NULL; int count = convert_list_to_array(&array); if (count == 0) { printf("通讯录为空!\n"); return; } // 折半查找 int left = 0, right = count - 1; while (left <= right) { int mid = left + (right - left) / 2; int cmp = strcmp(array[mid]->name, name); if (cmp == 0) { printf("\n找到同学:\n"); print_student(array[mid]); free(array); return; } else if (cmp < 0) { left = mid + 1; } else { right = mid - 1; } } printf("未找到该同学: %s\n", name); free(array); } // 冒泡排序按姓名 void bubble_sort_by_name() { if (head == NULL || head->next == NULL) return; int swapped; Student* ptr1; Student* lptr = NULL; do { swapped = 0; ptr1 = head; while (ptr1->next != lptr) { if (strcmp(ptr1->name, ptr1->next->name) > 0) { // 交换节点数据(实际应用中应交换节点指针) Student temp = *ptr1; *ptr1 = *(ptr1->next); *(ptr1->next) = temp; // 保持next指针正确 temp.next = ptr1->next; ptr1->next = temp.next; ptr1->next->next = temp.next->next; swapped = 1; } ptr1 = ptr1->next; } lptr = ptr1; } while (swapped); printf("已按姓名排序!\n"); } // 显示所有同学 void display_all() { if (head == NULL) { printf("通讯录为空!\n"); return; } printf("\n--- 所有同学信息 ---\n"); Student* current = head; while (current != NULL) { print_student(current); current = current->next; } } // 释放链表内存 void free_list() { Student* current = head; while (current != NULL) { Student* next = current->next; free(current); current = next; } head = NULL; } // 主菜单 int main() { int choice; char name[50], city[50]; while (1) { printf("\n=== 同学通讯录管理系统 ===\n"); printf("1. 添加同学信息\n"); printf("2. 删除同学信息\n"); printf("3. 修改同学信息\n"); printf("4. 按姓名查询(线性查找)\n"); printf("5. 按城市查询\n"); printf("6. 按姓名查询(折半查找)\n"); printf("7. 按姓名排序(冒泡排序)\n"); printf("8. 显示所有同学\n"); printf("9. 退出系统\n"); printf("请选择操作: "); scanf("%d", &choice); switch (choice) { case 1: {add_student(); break;} case 2: {printf("请输入要删除的同学姓名: "); scanf("%s", name); delete_student(name); break;} case 3: {printf("请输入要修改的同学姓名: "); scanf("%s", name); update_student(name); break;} case 4: {printf("请输入要查询的同学姓名: "); scanf("%s", name); Student* result = search_by_name(name); if (result != NULL) { printf("\n找到同学:\n"); print_student(result); } else { printf("未找到该同学\n"); } break;} case 5: {printf("请输入要查询的城市: "); scanf("%s", city); search_by_city(city); break;} case 6: {printf("请输入要查询的同学姓名: "); scanf("%s", name); binary_search_by_name(name); break;} case 7: {bubble_sort_by_name(); break;} case 8: {display_all(); break;} case 9: {free_list(); printf("系统已退出!\n"); exit(0);} default: {printf("无效选择,请重新输入!\n");} } } return 0; } 增加这里的按同学姓名排序的排序方法功能,并按照上述格式填入其中,输出完整代码

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