HP-UX用户命令参考手册

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"HP-UX Reference Release 11.0 User Commands" 在HP-UX操作系统中，用户命令是用户与系统交互的基础工具，这些命令使得用户能够执行各种操作，包括文件管理、系统监控、网络通信等。"hpux user commands" 提供了一个详尽的参考指南，涵盖了HP-UX 11.0版本中的用户级命令。这个文档分为五个卷，本部分是第一卷，专注于用户命令，由Hewlett-Packard公司于1997年发布。 HP-UX是Hewlett-Packard开发的一种Unix变体，广泛应用于企业级服务器环境。其用户命令集丰富多样，包括基本的文件操作（如ls、cd、mv、cp）、文本处理（如cat、vi、grep）、进程管理（如ps、kill、nohup）以及系统信息查询（如uname、ifconfig、df）。这些命令通常通过命令行界面执行，提供高效且灵活的系统管理方式。文档中的每个命令通常会包含以下几部分： 1. **命令名称**：例如`ls`或`vi`，这是用户在命令行中输入的部分。 2. **命令描述**：简述命令的作用和用途。 3. **语法**：展示如何正确地调用命令，包括可选参数和必需参数。 4. **选项**：命令可能接受的一系列开关或参数，用来改变命令的行为。 5. **示例**：演示如何实际使用命令解决特定问题。 6. **返回值**：解释命令执行成功或失败时返回的代码。 7. **注意和警告**：提醒用户可能遇到的问题或需要注意的事项。 HP-UX用户命令手册对于系统管理员、开发者以及对HP-UNIX平台感兴趣的任何人都极其宝贵，它不仅帮助用户了解和掌握各种命令的用法，还能在解决问题时提供快速参考。虽然文档的版权属于Hewlett-Packard公司，但用户有权根据特定条款复制和使用这份资料。文档还指出，对于美国政府的使用，存在特定的限制，这涉及到DFARS 252.227-7013条款中的技术数据和计算机软件权利。此外，文档明确表示，尽管提供了详细信息，但不保证无误，且不承担由此引发的直接、间接、特殊、偶然或后果性损害责任。 "hpux user commands" 是一个深入理解HP-UX系统管理的关键资源，对于任何需要在该平台上工作的专业人员来说，都是不可或缺的参考资料。通过学习和熟练运用这些命令，用户可以更有效地管理和维护HP-UX系统。

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Table of Contents

Volume One

Entry Name(Section): name Description

sccsdiff(1): sccsdiff ............................................................................. compare two versions of an SCCS ﬁle

sccshelp(1): sccshelp ............................................................................................. help for SCCS commands

script(1): script ...................................................................................... make typescript of terminal session

sdiff(1): sdiff .................................................................................................. side-by-side difference program

sed(1): sed ............................................................................................................................ stream text editor

send_sound(1): send_sound ..................................................................................................... play audio ﬁle

serialize(1): serialize ............................................. force target process to run serially with other processes

set: set/deﬁne ﬂags and arguments ..................................................................................................... see csh(1)

set: set/deﬁne options and arguments ................................................................................................. see ksh(1)

set: set/deﬁne options and arguments ..................................................................................... see sh-bourne(1)

set: set/deﬁne options and arguments ......................................................................................... see sh-posix(1)

setenv: deﬁne environment variable ................................................................................................... see csh(1)

sh(1): sh ........................................................................................................ overview of various system shells

sh-bourne(1): sh, rsh .................................... shell, the standard/restricted command programming language

sh-posix(1): sh ................................................ shell, the standard/restricted command programming language

shar(1): shar ...................................................................................................... make a shell archive package

shift: shift argv members one position to left ..................................................................................... see csh(1)

shift: shift argv members one position to left .................................................................................... see ksh(1)

shift: shift argv members one position to left ............................................................................ see sh-posix(1)

shift: shift positional parameters to next lower position ......................................................... see sh-bourne(1)

shl(1): shl .......................................................................................................................... shell layer manager

size(1): size .................................................................................................... print section sizes of object ﬁles

sleep(1): sleep ............................................................................................. suspend execution for an interval

slp(1): slp ...................................................................................... set printing options for a non-serial printer

sna(1): sna3179g, sna3270, sna3770 ................................. IBM 3179G/3192G, 3270, 3777 terminal emulator

soelim(1): soelim ............................................................................................. eliminate .so’s from nroff input

softbench(1): softbench ....................................................... SoftBench Software Development Environment

sort(1): sort ........................................................................................................................ sort or merge ﬁles

source: deﬁne source for command input ............................................................................................ see csh(1)

spell(1): spell, hashmake, spellin, hashcheck .............................................................. ﬁnd spelling errors

spellin: create compressed spelling list from hash codes .............................................................. see spell(1)

split(1): split ................................................................................................................. split a ﬁle into pieces

ssp(1): ssp ........................................................................................... remove multiple line-feeds from output

strings(1): strings .................................................. ﬁnd the printable strings in an object or other binary ﬁle

strip(1): strip .................................................... strip symbol and line number information from an object ﬁle

stty(1): stty ................................................................................................ set the options for a terminal port

su(1): su .......................................................................................................................................... switch user

sum(1): sum ........................................................................................ print checksum and block count of a ﬁle

switch: deﬁne switch statement ......................................................................................................... see csh(1)

tabs(1): tabs .................................................................................................................. set tabs on a terminal

tail(1): tail ........................................................................................................... deliver the last part of a ﬁle

talk(1): talk ...................................................................................................................... talk to another user

tar(1): tar .............................................................................................................................. tape ﬁle archiver

tbl(1): tbl ...................................................................................................................... format tables for nroff

tcio(1): tcio ....................................................................................... Command Set 80 Cartridge Tape Utility

tee(1): tee ....................................................................................................................................... pipe ﬁtting

telnet(1): telnet .................................................................................. user interface to the TELNET protocol

test: evaluate conditional expression .................................................................................................. see csh(1)

test: evaluate conditional expression .................................................................................................. see ksh(1)

test: evaluate conditional expression .......................................................................................... see sh-posix(1)

test(1): test ...................................................................................................... condition evaluation command

tftp(1): tftp .......................................................................................................... trivial ﬁle transfer program

time, times: print summary of time used by processes ....................................................................... see ksh(1)

time: print accumulated shell and children process times ........................................................ see sh-bourne(1)

time: print summary of time used by shell and children ...................................................................... see csh(1)

time(1): time .......................................................................................................................... time a command

time, times: print summary of time used by processes ............................................................. see sh-posix(1)

times: print accumulated user and system process times ........................................................ see sh-bourne(1)

timex(1): timex ....................................................... time a command; report process data and system activity

top(1): top ........................................................ display and update information about top processes on system

touch(1): touch ........................................................... update access, modiﬁcation, and/or change times of ﬁle

xiv Hewlett-Packard Company HP-UX Release 11.0: October 1997

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Entry Name(Section): name Description

tput(1): tput .............................................................................................................. query terminfo database

tr(1): tr ............................................................................................................................. translate characters

trap: execute command upon receipt of signal ......................................................................... see sh-bourne(1)

trap: trap speciﬁed signal ................................................................................................................... see ksh(1)

trap: trap speciﬁed signal ........................................................................................................... see sh-posix(1)

true(1): true, false ................................................................................... return zero or non-zero exit status

tset(1): tset .................................................................................................. terminal-dependent initialization

tsm(1): tsm .............................................................................................................. Terminal Session Manager

tsm.command(1): tsm.command ............................................... send commands to Terminal Session Manager

tsm.info(1): tsm.info ........................................................... get Terminal Session Manager state information

tsort(1): tsort .......................................................................................................................... topological sort

tty(1): tty, pty .................................................................................................... get the name of the terminal

ttytype(1): ttytype ........................................................................................ terminal identiﬁcation program

type: show interpretation of name as if a command ................................................................. see sh-bourne(1)

typeset: control leading blanks and parameter handling ................................................................... see ksh(1)

typeset: control leading blanks and parameter handling ........................................................... see sh-posix(1)

u370: provide truth value about processor type ............................................................................. see machid(1)

u3b: provide truth value about processor type ............................................................................... see machid(1)

u3b10: provide truth value about processor type ........................................................................... see machid(1)

u3b2: provide truth value about processor type ............................................................................. see machid(1)

u3b5: provide truth value about processor type ............................................................................. see machid(1)

ul(1): ul ..................................................................................................................................... do underlining

ulimit: impose ﬁle size limit for child processes ...................................................................... see sh-bourne(1)

ulimit: set size or time limits ............................................................................................................. see ksh(1)

ulimit: set size or time limits ..................................................................................................... see sh-posix(1)

umask: set permissions mask for creating new ﬁles .............................................................................. see csh(1)

umask: set permissions mask for creating new ﬁles ............................................................................. see ksh(1)

umask: set permissions mask for creating new ﬁles .................................................................. see sh-bourne(1)

umask: set permissions mask for creating new ﬁles ..................................................................... see sh-posix(1)

umask(1): umask .................................................................................................... set ﬁle-creation mode mask

umodem(1): umodem .......................................................................... XMODEM-protocol ﬁle transfer program

unalias: discard speciﬁed alias ........................................................................................................... see csh(1)

unalias: discard speciﬁed alias .......................................................................................................... see ksh(1)

unalias: discard speciﬁed alias .................................................................................................. see sh-posix(1)

uname(1): uname ........................... display information about computer system; set node name (system name)

uncompact: uncompact ﬁles ........................................................................................................ see compact(1)

uncompress: expand compressed data ...................................................................................... see compress(1)

uncompressdir: expand compressed ﬁles in a directory ........................................................... see compress(1)

unexpand: convert spaces to tabs ............................................................................................... see expand(1)

unget(1): unget ......................................................................................... undo a previous get of an SCCS ﬁle

unhash: disable use of internal hash tables .......................................................................................... see csh(1)

unifdef(1): unifdef ................................................................................................. remove preprocessor lines

uniq(1): uniq ....................................................................................................... report repeated lines in a ﬁle

units(1): units .................................................................................................................. conversion program

unpack: compress and expand ﬁles .................................................................................................... see pack(1)

unset: remove deﬁnition/setting of ﬂags and arguments ...................................................................... see csh(1)

unset: remove deﬁnition/setting of options and arguments ................................................................. see ksh(1)

unset: remove deﬁnition/setting of options and arguments ...................................................... see sh-bourne(1)

unset: remove deﬁnition/setting of options and arguments ......................................................... see sh-posix(1)

unsetenv: remove variable from environment .................................................................................... see csh(1)

until: execute commands until expression is non-zero ....................................................................... see ksh(1)

until: execute commands until expression is nonzero ................................................................ see sh-posix(1)

uptime(1): uptime, w ................................................................................. show how long system has been up

users(1): users ............................................................................. compact list of users who are on the system

uucp(1): uucp, uulog, uuname .................................................................. UNIX system to UNIX system copy

uudecode: decode a ﬁle encoded by uuencode ......................................................................... see uuencode(1)

uuencode(1): uuencode, uudecode .............................. encode/decode a binary ﬁle for transmission by mailer

uulog: access UUCP summary logs .................................................................................................. see uucp(1)

uuname: list known UUCP systems ................................................................................................... see uucp(1)

uupath(1): uupath, mkuupath ........................................................ access and manage the pathaliasdatabase

uupick: accept or reject incoming UUCP messages ........................................................................... see uuto(1)

HP-UX Release 11.0: October 1997 Hewlett-Packard Company xv

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Entry Name(Section): name Description

uustat(1): uustat ...................................................................................... uucp status inquiry and job control

uuto(1): uuto, uupick ............................................................... public UNIX system to UNIX system ﬁle copy

uux(1): uux ........................................................................ UNIX system to UNIX system command execution

ux2dos: convert ASCII ﬁle format ................................................................................................. see dos2ux(1)

vacation(1): vacation .................................................................................. return ‘‘I am not here’’ indication

val(1): val ............................................................................................................................ validate SCCS ﬁle

vax: provide truth value about processor type ............................................................................... see machid(1)

vc(1): vc ..................................................................................................................................... version control

vedit: beginner’s screen-oriented text editor ....................................................................................... see vi(1)

vi(1): vedit, vi, view .............................................................................. extended screen-oriented text editor

view: read-only screen-oriented text editor .......................................................................................... see vi(1)

vis(1): vis, inv .................................. make unprintable and non-ASCII characters in a ﬁle visible or invisible

vmstat(1): vmstat .......................................................................................... report virtual memory statistics

vt(1): vt ........................................................................................................ log in on another system over lan

wait: wait for background processes .................................................................................................... see csh(1)

wait: wait for child process ................................................................................................................. see ksh(1)

wait: wait for child process ......................................................................................................... see sh-posix(1)

wait: wait for process and report termination status ............................................................... see sh-bourne(1)

wait(1): wait ......................................................................................................... await completion of process

wc(1): wc ............................................................................ count words, lines, and bytes or characters in a ﬁle

what(1): what ............................................................................................ get SCCS identiﬁcation information

whence: deﬁne interpretation of name as a command .......................................................................... see ksh(1)

whence: deﬁne interpretation of name as a command .................................................................. see sh-posix(1)

whereis(1): whereis ............................................................ locate source, binary, and/or manual for program

which(1): which .................................................................... locate a program ﬁle including aliasesand paths

while: execute commands while expression is non-zero ....................................................................... see csh(1)

while: execute commands while expression is non-zero ...................................................................... see ksh(1)

while: execute commands while expression is nonzero ............................................................... see sh-posix(1)

who(1): who ........................................................................................ who is currently logged in on the system

whoami(1): whoami ............................................................................................ print effective current user id

whois(1): whois ...................................................................................... Internet user name directory service

write(1): write .................................................................................. interactively write (talk) to another user

xargs(1): xargs ..................................................................... construct argument list(s) and execute command

xd: hexadecimal dump ........................................................................................................................... see od(1)

xstr(1): xstr ...................................................... extract strings from C programs to implement shared strings

yes(1): yes ................................................................................................................ be repetitively afﬁrmative