CISSP CBK双认证：保障全球网络安全的关键

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CISSP（Certified Information Systems Security Professional）全称为“注册信息安全专业人员”，是信息安全领域的一项高级认证。该证书由(ISC)²机构颁发，旨在衡量个人在信息安全领域的专业知识和实践经验，尤其在十个关键领域——安全与风险管理、保密性、完整性、可用性、安全治理、组织目标、过程、角色与责任、信息安全策略、全面有效的安全计划、监督委员会代表、控制框架、尽职调查、合规性、治理、风险管理和合规（GRC）、法律法规遵从、隐私要求、跨国数据流动、隐私保护、数据泄露、相关法律和伦理议题等方面具备的能力。首先，"Foreword"和"Introduction"通常介绍了CISSP认证的背景和重要性，强调在全球信息化背景下，确保网络安全的重要性以及CISSP在保障信息安全中的核心地位。证书持有者需通过严谨的安全风险管理和遵守严格的道德规范，包括(ISC)²的职业道德规范，确保组织的信息安全策略得到有效执行。 Domain1—Security&RiskManagement部分涵盖了一系列关键概念，如保密性、完整性、可用性，这些是信息安全三角中的基本元素，保证数据不被未经授权访问、篡改或中断。此外，还讨论了安全治理，即如何设定组织的安全目标、制定并实施相关政策，以及确保监督机制的有效运作。为了实现有效的安全管理，组织需明确各个角色和责任，制定信息安全策略，并确保有一个完整的安全程序，包括监督和控制框架。尽职调查和合规性是保持法律遵从和商业信誉的关键，而全球性和跨国的法律问题也需要考虑，如计算机犯罪、知识产权、进出口规定以及跨境数据流动的法规遵从。在隐私保护方面，CISSP要求理解专业伦理，遵循监管机构对于伦理项目的要求，同时要避免常见的计算机伦理误区。此外，对黑客行为和黑客运动的认识也十分重要，这涉及到道德准则和资源的学习，如(ISC)²的职业道德规范。在实际操作中，企业需根据自身业务连续性（Business Continuity, BC）和灾难恢复计划（Disaster Recovery, DR）制定和实施安全政策，以应对可能的数据泄露事件，并确保在面临网络安全威胁时能够迅速响应和恢复。 CISSP CBK双S.P（Security Practitioner）认证是一项高度专业且全面的信息安全认证，涵盖了信息安全的各个方面，要求持证人具备扎实的理论知识和丰富的实践经验，以在全球化的网络环境中保护组织的信息资产和声誉。

successful. The most important tool that the intrepid traveler can have at their disposal is

a compass, that trusty device that always allows one to understand in what direction they

are heading, and get their bearings when necessary. The compass of the Information

Security professional is their knowledge, experience, and understanding of the world

around them. The thing that is amazing about a compass is that no matter where you

stand on Earth, you can hold one in your hand and it will point toward the North Pole.

While we do not need to know where the North Pole always is in Information Security, as

a CISSP, you are expected to be able to provide guidance and direction to the businesses

and users that you are responsible for. Being able to map the CISSP CBK to your

knowledge, experience, and understanding is the way that you will be able to provide

that guidance, and to translate the CBK into actionable and tangible elements for both

the business and its users that you represent.

1. The Security and Risk Management domain addresses the framework

and policies, concepts, principles, structures, and standards used to establish

criteria for the protection of information assets and to assess the

effectiveness of that protection. It includes issues of governance,

organizational behavior, and security awareness. Information security

management establishes the foundation of a comprehensive and proactive

security program to ensure the protection of an organization’s information

assets. Today’s environment of highly interconnected, interdependent

systems necessitates the requirement to understand the linkage between

information technology and meeting business objectives. Information security

management communicates the risks accepted by the organization due to

the currently implemented security controls, and continually works to cost

effectively enhance the controls to minimize the risk to the company’s

information assets. Security management encompasses the administrative,

technical, and physical controls necessary to adequately protect the

confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information assets. Controls are

manifested through a foundation of policies, procedures, standards,

baselines, and guidelines.

2. The Asset Security domain contains the concepts, principles, structures,

and standards used to monitor and secure assets and those controls used to

enforce various levels of confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Information security architecture and design covers the practice of applying a

comprehensive and rigorous method for describing a current and/or future

structure and behavior for an organization’s security processes, information

security systems, personnel and organizational sub-units, so that these

practices and processes align with the organization’s core goals and strategic

direction.

3. The Security Engineering domain contains the concepts, principles,

structures, and standards used to design, implement, monitor, and secure,

operating systems, equipment, networks, applications, and those controls

used to enforce various levels of confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Information security architecture and design covers the practice of applying a

comprehensive and rigorous method for describing a current and/or future

structure and behavior for an organization’s security processes, information

security systems, personnel and organizational sub-units, so that these

practices and processes align with the organization’s core goals and strategic

direction.

4. The Communication and Network Security domain encompasses the

structures, transmission methods, transport formats, and security measures

used to provide confidentiality, integrity, and availability for transmissions

over private and public communications networks and media. Network

security is often described as the cornerstone of IT security. The network is a

central asset, if not the most central, in most IT environments. Loss of

network assurance (the combined properties of confidentiality, integrity,

availability, authentication, and non-repudiation) on any level can have

devastating consequences, while control of the network provides an easy and

consistent venue of attack. Conversely, a well-architected and well-protected

network will stop many attacks in their tracks.

5. Although Identity and Access Management is a single domain within the

CISSP Common Body of Knowledge (CBK), it is the most pervasive and

omnipresent aspect of information security. Access controls encompass all

operational levels of an organization:

Facilities – Access controls protect entry to, and movement around,

an organization’s physical locations to protect personnel, equipment,

information, and, other assets inside that facility.

Support Systems – Access to support systems (such as power,

heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems; water; and

fire suppression controls) must be controlled so that a malicious entity

is not able to compromise these systems and cause harm to the

organization’s personnel or the ability to support critical systems.

Information systems – Multiple layers of access controls are

present in most modern information systems and networks to protect

those systems, and the information they contain, from harm or

misuse.

Personnel – Management, end users, customers, business partners,

and nearly everyone else associated with an organization should be

subject to some form of access control to ensure that the right people

have the ability to interface with each other, and not interfere with the

people with whom they do not have any legitimate business.

The goals of information security are to ensure the continued Confidentiality-Integrity-

Availability of an organization’s assets. This includes both physical assets (such as

buildings, equipment, and, of course, people) and information assets (such as company

data and information systems.) Access controls play a key role in ensuring the

confidentiality of systems and information. Managing access to physical and information

assets is fundamental to preventing exposure of data by controlling who can see, use,

modify, or destroy those assets. In addition, managing an entity’s admittance and rights

to specific enterprise resources ensures that valuable data and services are not abused,

misappropriated, or stolen. It is also a key factor for many organizations that are required

to protect personal information in order to be compliant with appropriate legislation and

industry compliance requirements.

6. Security Assessment and Testing covers a broad range of ongoing and

point-of-time based testing methods used to determine vulnerabilities and

associated risk. Mature system development lifecycles include security testing

and assessment as part of the development, operations and disposition

phases of a system’s life. The fundamental purpose of test and evaluation

(T&E) is to provide knowledge to assist in managing the risks involved in

developing, producing, operating, and sustaining systems and capabilities.

T&E measures progress in both system and capability development. T&E

provides knowledge of system capabilities and limitations for use in

improving the system performance, and for optimizing system use in

operations. T&E expertise must be brought to bear at the beginning of the

system life cycle to provide earlier learning about the strengths and

weaknesses of the system under development. The goal is early identification

of technical, operational, and system deficiencies, so that appropriate and

timely corrective actions can be developed prior to fielding the system. The

creation of the test and evaluation strategy involves planning for technology

development, including risk; evaluating the system design against mission

requirements; and identifying where competitive prototyping and other

evaluation techniques fit in the process.

7. The Security Operations domain is used to identify critical information and

the execution of selected measures that eliminate or reduce adversary

exploitation of critical information. It includes the definition of the controls

over hardware, media, and the operators with access privileges to any of

these resources. Auditing and monitoring are the mechanisms, tools and

facilities that permit the identification of security events and subsequent

actions to identify the key elements and report the pertinent information to

the appropriate individual, group, or process. The Information Security

professional should always act to Maintain Operational Resilience, Protect

Valuable Assets, Control System Accounts and Manage Security Services

Effectively. In the day to day operations of the business, maintaining

expected levels of availability and integrity for data and services is where the

Information Security professional impacts Operational Resilience. The day to

day securing, monitoring, and maintenance of the resources of the business,

both human and material, illustrate how the Information Security professional

is able to Protect Valuable Assets. Providing a system of checks and balances

with regards to privileged account usage, as well as system access, allows

the Information Security professional to act to Control Systems Accounts in a

consistent way. The use of change and configuration management by the

Information Security professional, as well as reporting and service

improvement programs (SIP), ensures that the actions necessary to Manage

Security Services Effectively are being carried out.

8. The Software Development Security domain requires a security

professional to be prepared to do the following:

Understand and apply security in the software development lifecycle

Enforce security controls in the development environment

Assess the effectiveness of software security

Assess software acquisition security

Although information security has traditionally emphasized system-level access

controls, the security professional needs to ensure that the focus of the enterprise

security architecture includes applications, since many information security incidents now

involve software vulnerabilities in one form or another. Application vulnerabilities also

allow an entry point to attack systems, sometimes at a very deep level. When examined,

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