Mastering Your PhD：博士生存与成功指南

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"Mastering Your PhD - Prof. Dr. Bart Noordam —— University of Amsterdam Van der Waals" 这本书由Patricia Gosling和Bart Noordam合作编写，旨在帮助博士生掌握那些在学术界之外已被证明有效的技能，并且帮助他们在非科学方面获得博士学位的掌控力。作者们希望这本书能帮助研究生更好地享受他们的博士学习时光，同时为他们未来的博士后生涯提供必要的支持。书中的内容可能涵盖了多个与博士生生存和成功相关的主题，包括但不限于： 1. **时间管理**：博士生常常面临大量的研究工作和论文写作，学习有效的时间管理技巧对于提高效率至关重要。 2. **沟通能力**：无论是在学术会议上的报告，还是与导师、同事的日常交流，良好的沟通能力都是必不可少的。 3. **批判性思维**：培养批判性思维能力，能够对科研问题进行深入分析和独立判断。 4. **项目管理和组织**：博士研究通常涉及多个项目和任务，如何合理规划和管理这些任务是博士生需要学习的技能。 5. **学术写作与发表**：如何撰写高质量的论文，以及如何在知名期刊上发表研究成果。 6. **团队协作**：在科研中，团队合作往往比单打独斗更为重要，学会与他人协作可以提升研究的产出和质量。 7. **职业规划**：除了学术道路，博士生也需要考虑非学术职业的可能性，因此书中可能会涵盖职业规划和求职策略。 8. **心理调适**：面对博士研究的压力和挑战，保持良好的心理状态和应对压力的策略同样重要。 9. **创新与问题解决**：在研究过程中，创新思维和解决问题的能力是推动科研进展的关键。 10. **伦理与道德**：科学研究必须遵循道德准则，书中可能会讨论科研伦理和诚信问题。书中的8个插图可能用来辅助阐述某些概念或过程，让读者更直观地理解。此外，书的版权信息表明，它受到版权保护，任何复制或使用都需要得到Springer出版社的许可。通过阅读本书，博士生不仅可以提升自身的学术能力，还能为未来的职业生涯做好准备，无论是继续从事学术研究，还是选择其他领域的工作。

8 Mastering your PhD

Become familiar with your department

Use your ﬁrst days as a graduate student to familiarize yourself with

the inner workings of your department. If you haven’t already done so,

introduce yourself to the department Chair, as well as to secretaries,

technicians, lab assistants, librarians, and other key personnel. This

is not the time to be shy. Make a point of introducing yourself right at

the start so that people are not still wondering six months from now if

you’re a grad student, an undergrad, a Post-doc or a lab technician. Be

courteous and open-minded when meeting people for the ﬁrst time.

Thepeoplewithwhomyou’llbeworkingwillbeimportanttoyouin

more ways than you might realise and ﬁrst impressions count. You

won’t be able to work effectively unless you’ve familiarized yourself

with your surroundings and met the key people around you, so be

sure not to lock yourself up in the lab all day. Open up, mingle with

your colleagues and make the effort to understand the ins and outs

of your department. If you need information about the department

ortheuniversity,askseniorgraduatestudentsandstaffmembers.Be

sure to introduce yourself to people who will be vital to your research

such as those who are responsible for ordering research materials

and equipment, operating technical equipment, and maintaining lab

safety. Make sure too, to familiarize yourself with lab safety and evacu-

ationprocedures. Know where to go forhelp when youneedit. Perhaps

most importantly, try to identify someone who might make a good

mentor (a senior graduate student in your group or in a similar group

is an excellent choice). This individual can help show you the ropes

and provide valuable professional guidance throughout your tenure

as a grad student.

F o rmulate a working plan and set up a schedule

Before you even start that ﬁrst experiment, you should establish

a working plan and set up a reasonable schedule for yourself in which

to complete the necessary tasks in your working plan. I t is best to do

thiswiththehelpofyoursupervisortobesurethatyouareworkingon

the same goals. Divide your project into manageable phases and have

a timeline for each phase. Many, if not most experienced scientists

2 Getting Started 9

will tell that you can’t plan science, that you have to go with the ebb

and ﬂow of whatever comes at you. That may be true on many levels,

but that doesn’ t mean you can’t plan out a schedule and set targets

along the way. While you’re at it, be sure to set scheduled time off

for yourself, because y ou can’ t work all the time. Once you’ve estab-

lished your goals in conjunction with your supervisor and roughed

out a timeline, sticking to your schedule is important for maintaining

a sense of balance and control (see Chapter 3 for a thorough discussion

of goal setting and time management).

Maintain a proper lab notebook

This may seem obvious, but it can’t be stated often enough that a major

factor in your research success lies in your ability to keep good records

of your experiments. Don ’t fall into the trap of thinking that only a neat

lab notebook is a good notebook. Tidy tables of data are not enough.

You must write everything down, including everything that worked

and especially what didn’t work. Don’t be afraid to jot down random

musings or thoughts in the margins. Forget about being neat. No one

is going to grade you on neatness. Meticulousness and completeness

are more important attributes of a good lab notebook than perfect

handwriting and tables drawn with a straight-edge. Make this a daily

habit. Avoid rushing into an experiment without ﬁrst writing down

all the parameters (and, no, you won’t remember all the details when

the exper iment is over). If you keep a proper record rig ht from the

beginning, making sense of your experimental data (and the logic

behind your experimental designs) will be a lot easier.

Establish good reference keeping practices

As you do your research, you will need to keep a working bibliog-

raphy: a list of publications you actually use as references for your

research project. Start compiling this bibliography from day one and

build it up as your work progresses. This will take away a huge part

of the workload when you ﬁnally reach the stage of writing up re-

ports, research papers – and your thesis. Once you have sufﬁcient

10 Mastering your PhD

data for a preliminary report, get into the writing habit by writing up

your work and submitting it to workshops or conferences. Presenting

a paper at a conference or departmental meeting is good practice for

graduate students. Establishing a track record through these types of

presentations will help your career. Of course, every scientist’s goal is

to be published in high-impact journals. But that’s something you can

worry about further down the road. For now, the important thing will

be to stay focused and to keep good records of your work in the lab

and in the library.

Dealing with initial ups and downs

Life is ﬁlled with ups and downs and this is no less true than in your

life as a graduate student. Exper ienced scientists know that research

can be frustrating at times and not always go according to your well-

made plans. Inexperienced scientists have a harder time managing

their expectations and frustrations. So expect to go through periods

of stress and anxiety, whether due to work, study, or personal matters.

Taking a little time off to relieve stress when the pressure gets too

high is always a good idea. Don’t feel guilty about having to take

a break from time to time – you’ll come back refreshed and ready to

get on with your work. Most likely you’ve moved away from familiar

surroundings in order to attend graduate school, leaving friends and

family behind. Take the time to build a social network and your own

informal support groups. These could consist of people from your

research team or just a group of peers, older colleagues or anybody

you get along with. You’ll need these people to share problems with

and to go to for moral support when you need it most. Whatever you

do, don ’t make the mistake of keeping problems to yourself. Everyone

hits a difﬁcult patch at some point in their graduate student years, so

having problems is nothing to be ashamed of. Unresolved problems

will not go away on their own. If you don’t resolve them they will

keep you awake at night until you are so ground down by stress and

anxiety that it will be hard to ﬁnd your way back on the right path. Find

someone understanding to talk to when things get too much to handle

on your own. Lastly, while graduate student life can be gruelling, take

time out to have fun. There’s more to life than the inside of a lab.

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