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Java垃圾回收机制详解 - GC基础

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1024KB | 更新于2024-07-01 | 199 浏览量 | 0 下载量 举报 收藏
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“「入门篇」初识JVM (下下) - GC.doc,这是一份关于Java虚拟机(JVM)垃圾收集(GC)的技术资料。” 在Java虚拟机(JVM)中,垃圾收集(Garbage Collection, GC)是自动管理内存的过程,主要关注堆(Heap)和方法区(Method Area)这两个区域,因为它们存储的是长期存活的对象和类的信息。而程序计数器、虚拟机栈和本地方法栈是线程私有的,随线程的创建而创建,随线程的结束而销毁,因此不需要进行垃圾回收。 GC机制的核心任务是判断并回收不再使用的对象,以便释放内存资源。有两种主要的判断对象是否可被回收的算法: 1. 引用计数算法:每个对象有一个引用计数,每当有一个引用指向对象时,计数加1,引用失效时减1。当计数为0时,对象可以被回收。然而,这个算法不能处理对象间的循环引用问题,导致其在实际的JVM中并未广泛采用。 2. 可达性分析算法:通过一系列称为GC Roots的对象作为起点,遍历引用链。如果一个对象从GC Roots无法通过引用链到达,那么这个对象被认为是不可达的,可以被回收。GC Roots通常包括虚拟机栈中引用的对象、本地方法栈引用的对象、方法区中的类静态属性引用的对象、方法区中的常量引用的对象以及被同步锁持有的对象。 即使一个对象在可达性分析中被认为是不可达的,它并不立即被回收。JVM会进行两次标记过程,第一次标记后,对象会经历一次筛选,判断它们是否真的不再需要。例如,如果对象在 finalize() 方法中重新与GC Roots建立联系,那么这个对象会被放入一个F-Queue队列,等待最后一次机会执行finalize()方法,然后再进行第二次标记。只有在第二次标记后仍然没有与GC Roots建立联系的对象,才会被真正回收。 这个过程确保了JVM在回收内存时尽可能减少误回收的情况,同时也允许对象在被回收前有机会执行必要的清理工作。了解这些原理对于优化Java应用程序的性能和内存使用至关重要,因为不当的内存管理可能导致内存泄漏或系统性能下降。

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