Oracle 19c JSON开发者指南：深入探索数据库新特性

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Oracle Database 19c JSON Developer's Guide 是一份详细的文档，专为在 Oracle 数据库 19c 版本中进行 JSON 开发的开发者提供指导。该文档由 Drew Adams 主导编写，同时得到了 Oracle JSON 开发、产品管理和质量保证团队的贡献。它涵盖了 JSON 表（json_table）的创建、管理以及如何执行 JSON 查询（json_query）的相关知识。在这个版本中，Oracle 提供了对 JSON 数据类型的强大支持，使得在数据库中处理结构化和非结构化数据变得更加便捷。开发者可以利用内置的 JSON 解析器和函数来操作 JSON 对象，包括插入、查询、更新和删除 JSON 数据。指南详细介绍了如何在 SQL 语句中嵌入 JSON 操作，以及如何利用 JSON_PATH 函数进行路径表达式查询，以获取或修改 JSON 文档中的特定值。此外，文档还包含了如何将 JSON 数据与传统 Oracle 表型数据集成，创建视图和索引，以及处理 JSON 数组的方法。对于那些处理大量 JSON 数据或者需要从 Web API 获取 JSON 内容的应用场景，这份指南提供了宝贵的实践技巧和示例。值得注意的是，使用这份文档时必须遵守 Oracle 的许可协议，其中包含了关于使用、复制、修改和分发软件及其文档的限制。未经授权的行为可能会受到法律约束。同时，虽然Oracle承诺会不断更新信息，但并不能保证文档完全无误，遇到问题应通过官方渠道报告。如果你是 Oracle Database 19c 的用户或开发者，这本指南是不可或缺的参考资料，它能帮助你充分利用数据库对 JSON 的支持，提升开发效率和数据管理能力。无论是初次接触 JSON 的开发者，还是经验丰富的技术专家，都能从中找到有价值的内容。

respect to available features and options. This book also describes features new

to Oracle Database Release 18c, Version 1.

• Oracle Database Error Messages Reference. Oracle Database error message

documentation is available only as HTML. If you have access to only printed or

PDF Oracle Database documentation, you can browse the error messages by

range. Once you find the specific range, use the search (find) function of your Web

browser to locate the specific message. When connected to the Internet, you can

search for a specific error message using the error message search feature of the

Oracle Database online documentation.

• Oracle as a Document Store for information about Simple Oracle Document

Access (SODA)

• Oracle Database Concepts

• Oracle Database In-Memory Guide

• Oracle Database SQL Language Reference

• Oracle Database PL/SQL Language Reference

• Oracle Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference

• Oracle Text Reference

• Oracle Text Application Developer's Guide

• Oracle Database Development Guide

To download free release notes, installation documentation, white papers, or other

collateral, please visit the Oracle Technology Network (OTN). You must register online

before using OTN; registration is free and can be done at OTN Registration.

If you already have a user name and password for OTN then you can go directly to the

documentation section of the OTN Web site at OTN Documentation.

For additional information, see:

• ISO/IEC 13249-2:2000, Information technology - Database languages - SQL

Multimedia and Application Packages - Part 2: Full-Text, International Organization

For Standardization, 2000

Conventions

The conventions used in this document are described.

Convention Meaning

boldface

Boldface type indicates graphical user interface elements associated

with an action, or terms defined in text or the glossary.

italic Italic type indicates book titles, emphasis, or placeholder variables for

which you supply particular values.

monospace

Monospace type indicates commands within a paragraph, URLs, code

in examples, text that appears on the screen, or text that you enter.

Preface

xvi

• New SQL/JSON Function JSON_SERIALIZE and JSON Data Guide Support for

GeoJSON Data

You can use new SQL function json_serialize to serialize JSON data to text or to

UTF-encoded BLOB data. SQL aggregate function

json_dataguide

can now detect

GeoJSON geographic data in your documents. You can use it to create a view that

projects such data as SQL data type

SDO_GEOMETRY

• Syntax Simplifications

Syntax simplifications are offered for SQL/JSON path expressions and SQL/JSON

generation with function

json_object

. A new SQL query clause,

NESTED

, provides a

simple alternative to using

json_table

with

LEFT OUTER JOIN

• Mapping of JSON Data To and From SQL Object Types

This feature enables the mapping of JSON data to and from user-defined SQL object

types and collections. You can convert JSON data to an instance of a SQL object type

using SQL/JSON function

json_value

. In the opposite direction, you can generate JSON

data from an instance of a SQL object type using SQL/JSON function

json_object

json_array

JSON Materialized View Support

Performance enhancement: If you create a refresh-on-statement materialized view

over

json_table

and some other conditions apply then a query that matches the query

defining the view can be rewritten to a materialized-view table access. You can use this

feature instead of creating multiple functional indexes.

SQL Function JSON_MERGEPATCH: Declarative Update of JSON Documents

You can now update a JSON document declaratively, using new SQL function

json_mergepatch

. You can apply one or more changes to multiple documents using a single

statement. This feature improves the flexibility of JSON update operations.

Related Topics

• Updating a JSON Document with JSON Merge Patch

You can use Oracle SQL function

json_mergepatch

to update specific portions of a JSON

document. You pass it a JSON Merge Patch document, which specifies the changes to

make to a specified JSON document. JSON Merge Patch is an IETF standard.

New SQL/JSON Function JSON_SERIALIZE and JSON Data Guide Support for

GeoJSON Data

You can use new SQL function json_serialize to serialize JSON data to text or to UTF-

encoded BLOB data. SQL aggregate function

json_dataguide

can now detect GeoJSON

geographic data in your documents. You can use it to create a view that projects such data as

SQL data type

SDO_GEOMETRY

Related Topics

• Oracle SQL Function JSON_SERIALIZE

Oracle SQL function

json_serialize

takes JSON data (of any SQL data type,

VARCHAR2

CLOB

, or

BLOB

) as input and returns a textual representation of it (as

VARCHAR2

CLOB

, or

BLOB

data).

VARCHAR2(4000)

is the default return type.

Changes in This Release for Oracle Database JSON Developer's Guide

xix

• JSON Data-Guide Fields

The predefined fields of a JSON data guide are described. They include JSON

Schema fields (keywords) and Oracle-specific fields.

Syntax Simplifications

Syntax simplifications are offered for SQL/JSON path expressions and SQL/JSON

generation with function

json_object

. A new SQL query clause,

NESTED

, provides a

simple alternative to using

json_table

with

LEFT OUTER JOIN

Related Topics

• Basic SQL/JSON Path Expression Syntax

The basic syntax of a SQL/JSON path expression is presented. It is composed of

a context-item symbol (

) followed by zero or more object, array, and descendant

steps, each of which can be followed by a filter expression, followed optionally by

a function step. Examples are provided.

• Overview of SQL/JSON Generation Functions

You can use SQL/JSON functions

json_object

json_array

json_objectagg

and

json_arrayagg

to construct JSON data from non-JSON data in the database.

The JSON data is returned as a SQL value.

• SQL/JSON Function JSON_OBJECT

SQL/JSON function

json_object

constructs JSON objects from the results of

evaluating its argument SQL expressions.

• SQL NESTED Clause Instead of JSON_TABLE

In a

SELECT

clause you can often use a

NESTED

clause instead of SQL/JSON

function

json_table

. This can mean a simpler query expression. It also has the

advantage of including rows with non-

NULL

relational columns when the JSON

column is

NULL

• Diagrams for Basic SQL/JSON Path Expression Syntax

Syntax diagrams and corresponding Backus-Naur Form (BNF) syntax descriptions

are presented for the basic SQL/JSON path expression syntax.

Mapping of JSON Data To and From SQL Object Types

This feature enables the mapping of JSON data to and from user-defined SQL object

types and collections. You can convert JSON data to an instance of a SQL object type

using SQL/JSON function

json_value

. In the opposite direction, you can generate

JSON data from an instance of a SQL object type using SQL/JSON function

json_object

json_array

Related Topics

• SQL/JSON Function JSON_VALUE

SQL/JSON function

json_value

selects JSON data and returns a SQL scalar or

an instance of a user-defined SQL object type or SQL collection type (varray,

nested table).

• Using JSON_VALUE To Instantiate a User-Defined Object Type Instance

You can use SQL/JSON function

json_value

to instantiate an instance of a user-

defined SQL object type or collection type. You do this by targeting a JSON object

or array in the path expression and specifying the object or collection type,

respectively, in the

RETURNING

clause.

Changes in This Release for Oracle Database JSON Developer's Guide

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