探索Microsoft ASP.NET MVC架构

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"微软编程教程：Microsoft ASP.NET MVC 2010电子书" 这篇资源是关于微软的ASP.NET MVC框架的编程教程，作者在描述中提到他早期对ASP.NET MVC的第一印象是苦乐参半的。他认为这个框架在整体上似乎是一种倒退，无法理解其存在的意义。尽管如此，该框架最终还是得到了广泛的关注和发展，成为了构建Web应用程序的一个强大工具。 ASP.NET MVC是一个用于构建动态网站的开源软件框架，由微软开发。它基于模型-视图-控制器（MVC）设计模式，提供了一种分离关注点的方式，使得开发者能够更清晰地组织代码，提高可测试性和可维护性。在ASP.NET MVC中： 1. **模型（Model）**：代表应用的数据和业务逻辑，通常与数据库交互，确保数据的完整性和一致性。 2. **视图（View）**：负责展示用户界面，根据模型的数据来渲染页面。视图应当尽可能保持无逻辑状态，只关注数据的呈现。 3. **控制器（Controller）**：处理用户请求，调用模型进行业务处理，然后选择合适的视图进行响应。控制器是模型和视图之间的桥梁。 ASP.NET MVC框架提供了许多特性，包括路由系统、依赖注入、过滤器、强类型视图、HTML辅助方法等。路由系统允许自定义URL结构，增强用户体验和SEO友好性。依赖注入支持灵活的组件组合，使代码更加模块化。过滤器可以用于执行全局性的操作，如身份验证、授权或缓存。强类型视图有助于防止运行时错误，并提升开发效率。HTML辅助方法则简化了生成HTML标记的过程。此外，该资源可能涵盖了如何使用ASP.NET MVC 2010版本进行开发，这可能包括了对这一特定版本的新特性和改进的讨论。例如，可能涉及改进的模型绑定、错误处理机制以及对ASP.NET AJAX的更好集成。书中还可能深入探讨了如何将ASP.NET MVC与其他微软技术，如Entity Framework（用于ORM，对象关系映射）、ASP.NET Identity（用于身份管理）和Azure（云服务）等结合使用。同时，可能会讲解如何利用Visual Studio IDE进行项目设置、调试和单元测试。 "Programming Microsoft ASP.NET MVC 2010"这本书是一个全面的指南，旨在帮助开发者理解和掌握如何使用ASP.NET MVC框架构建高效、可扩展的Web应用程序。无论你是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，这本书都能提供宝贵的指导和实践建议。

xvi Introduction

Although it’s based on the same runtime environment, ASP.NET MVC is signiﬁcantly different

from ASP.NET Web Forms. It supports a radically different pattern—MVC (actually the special

ﬂavor of MVC known as Model2) rather than a pure Page Controller—and was designed with

a radically different set of goals—testability, extensibility, and closeness-to-the-metal of both

the Web and ASP.NET runtime.

It doesn’t matter what kind of software professional you are, when it comes to choosing the

platform for a new .NET Web application you feel like you are at a crossroads. You know you

have to choose, and you look around for guidance. You see pros and cons on both sides,

and you can hardly see—clearly and tangibly—what’s the right way to go. For this reason,

the core question—should we use ASP.NET Web Forms or ASP.NET MVC—often ends up

being an endless and pointless religious discussion where all parties push their own vision

and scream louder with the gathering force of their conviction.

In the end, the correct answer is that it depends. In the end, the choice is really like Microsoft

describes it: car vs. motorcycle or automatic vs. manual.

This leads to a new and largely unspoken question: Did we really need a second option?

Wouldn’t it have been better for us if Microsoft detected the signs of age of Web Forms

and worked as hard as they worked on ASP.NET MVC to improve that, sticking to just one

framework?

Aren’t two options always better than one? Sure, but two options imply a choice. And

a choice implies information, education, and responsibility. Here’s where this book

hopefully ﬁts in.

ASP.NET MVC and Web Forms

Until late 2008, I was happy enough with Web Forms. I did recognize its weak points and was

able to work around them nicely with discipline and systematic application of design

principles. In the beginning, ASP.NET MVC was enthusiastically received by a relatively small

segment of the community, but one that was screaming loudly and posting a lot. Even

though I’ve never been a member of the ALT.NET community, I’m still constantly keeping

an eye out for any better ways of doing my tasks. So I started to explore the ASP.NET MVC

architecture and tried to understand its potential, while constantly trying to envision concrete

business scenarios in which to employ it. I did this for about a year.

What did I learn?

Technically speaking, ASP.NET MVC is far superior to Web Forms. This is because it’s

newer and was designed around an alternate and more modern set of principles and

patterns. Is this sufﬁcient reason for you to switch to it? In my opinion, it isn’t. ASP.NET

MVC is an excellent choice from the perspective of developers, but that fact alone doesn’t

Introduction xvii

automatically translate into a tangible beneﬁt for the customer and the project. Moreover,

ASP.NET MVC is much less forgiving than Web Forms and requires training, or at least

self-training.

In 10 years of using Web Forms, I’ve seen many professionals with limited programming skills

produce effective Web front ends using data-bound controls and a bit of Microsoft Visual

Basic. This will not happen with ASP.NET MVC. Worse yet, if you start writing ASP.NET MVC

code taking the learn-as-you-go approach that worked for many with Web Forms, you will

surely cook up great examples of much hated spaghetti code.

So learning ASP.NET MVC makes you a better developer, but it has a cost. Who’s supposed

to pay for that? Your customer? Your company? You, yourself? How would you justify to

a project manager the extra training costs for just using ASP.NET MVC? You can try, but the

natural objection is this: “OK, but where’s my return? Can’t we take this project home by

simply using Web Forms, which we already know through and through?”

In the end, picking ASP.NET MVC over Web Forms is a matter of preference and attitude,

or it’s a matter of dealing with some nonfunctional requirements. In the ﬁrst case, you don’t

have extra costs because it can be assumed you know your stuff very well. The second case,

instead, introduces the only scenario I can think of where ASP.NET MVC is a clear winner.

How can you fulﬁll requirements such as strict accessibility, adherence to Web standards,

XHTML, theme-ability, cross-browser experience, and rich AJAX capabilities?

These requirements lead to the necessity of exercising strict control over the markup emitted

for each page. This is an area where ASP.NET MVC is incomparably better than Web Forms,

even when you take into consideration Microsoft’s latest improvements to the ASP.NET 4

framework and your own programming self-discipline.

Every other argument being presented as a plus of ASP.NET MVC—such as testability,

separation of concerns, extensibility, and the like—is just a plus of the framework, not

a breakthrough for the project. By the way, even though in the .NET space we seem to have

discovered testability only a few years ago, it has been listed as a fundamental attribute of

software in the ISO/IEC 9126 paper since 1991. (For more information, have a look at

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_9126.)

Who Is This Book For?

As explained in great detail in Chapter 1, “Goal of ASP.NET MVC and Motivation for Its

Development,” ASP.NET Web Forms is showing the signs of age. And ASP.NET MVC is an

excellent (although still incomplete) replacement. My guess—my humble, two-cent guess—is

that in a couple of years (and in a couple of versions) ASP.NET MVC will offer the same level

of productivity as Web Forms—either because of framework enhancements or because of

xviii Introduction

even more powerful tooling. At that point, you will have two options that are equivalent

functionally and in terms of productivity. But one of them (ASP.NET MVC) can help you write

better code, faster. This may not be the case today with ASP.NET MVC 2, but it likely will be

the case with ASP.NET MVC 3 or 4.

I don’t think that ASP.NET Web Forms will be dismissed very soon. For example, rumors

suggest that ASP.NET Web Forms will move decidedly toward increasing testability in

version 5 through the introduction of some MVP support. We’ll see, but as I see things

ASP.NET MVC is and will remain far superior technically.

Although pushing a team to use ASP.NET MVC today on a project might be an arguable

choice, pushing it within a software company isn’t an arguable choice at all. Having a deep

understanding of ASP.NET MVC makes you a better developer. ASP.NET MVC is easy to pick up

for junior developers who are just out of school, even though it could be harder for experienced

Web Forms developers to learn. This book assumes you have knowledge of Web Forms

programming as it explains how ASP.NET MVC works and how to use it effectively.

My experience shows that too many Web Forms developers built their expertise by trial

and error. ASP.NET MVC requires a sort of reset, and you know that after you reboot your

machine it normally runs faster. But this personal reboot may take a bit of effort. Start

today with ASP.NET MVC, even in parallel with current Web Forms projects. You’ll see the

difference, understand the basic facts of Web development, and soon be ready for writing

better code with both Web Forms and ASP.NET MVC.

Companion Content

This book features a companion Web site that makes available to you all the code used in the

book. This code is organized by chapter, and you can download it from the companion site at

this address: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=189142.

Hardware and Software Requirements

You’ll need the following hardware and software to work with the companion content

included with this book:

Microsoft Windows Vista Home Premium Edition, Windows Vista Business Edition,

or Windows Vista Ultimate Edition, Microsoft Windows 7 Home Premium Edition,

Windows 7 Business Edition, or Windows 7 Ultimate Edition, Windows Server 2008, SP1.

Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Standard Edition, Visual Studio 2008 Enterprise Edition,

or Microsoft Visual C# 2008 Express Edition and Microsoft Visual Web Developer 2008

Express Edition, Visual Studio 2010 Professional Edition, Visual Studio 2010 Premium

Edition, Visual Studio 2010 Ultimate Edition.

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