Corona

INTRODUCTION

Corona, California, is located approximately 45 miles southeast of Los Angeles in western Riverside County. Corona is at the base of the Cleveland National Forest on an alluvial plain leading down to the Santa Ana River. Founded in 1886, it was known as South Riverside until 1896 when it was incorporated and renamed Corona.

The first inhabitants of the area were the Luiseño Indians, who were hunters and gatherers. They hunted throughout the area for black bear, snakes, rodents, rabbits, coyote, birds, and fish. They used the wild grasses for baskets, constructed clay containers from the abundant clay soil, and gathered local acorns, seeds, berries, and roots for food. They bathed daily in the hot waters in Temescal Canyon, the area known today as the Glen Ivy Resort. The remains of their artistic pictographs and petroglyphs can still be found in areas south of Corona.

The Luiseños came under the influence of Spanish settlers during the first part of the 19th century and as settlement progressed inland the land was soon taken over by Spanish ranchos. Sheep and cattle dotted the hillsides of the ranchos of the Serrano, Cota, Sepulveda, and Botiller families. Leandro Serrano, the first of the Spanish settlers in Riverside County, arrived in the Temescal Valley in 1818 and established his rancho approximately one mile north of Glen Ivy the following year. In 1838, Juan Bandini took possession of the Prado Basin land and started a cattle and sheep ranch there.

Prior to 1886, the Corona area had been a rock-strewn, brush-covered terrain with no trees. The predominant inhabitants were jack rabbit, quail, sheep, and coyote. Water was scarce. The great boom of the 1880s was in full swing in California. Robert B. Taylor, a land speculator from Sioux City Iowa, envisioned the transformation of this desert area into a thriving community surrounded by a round road. In 1886, he persuaded fellow Iowans Adolph Rimpau, George L. Joy, A. S. Garretson, and former Iowa governor Samuel Merrill to join him to form the South Riverside Land and Water Company. Together they raised $110,000 and purchased roughly 12,000 acres of agricultural land from the Yorba Ranch. Taylor hired H. Clay Kellogg, an Anaheim engineer, to survey and design the three-mile long, circular Grand Boulevard and thus South Riverside or the Queen Colony was born.

Taylor, who had been named manager of the South Riverside Land and Water Company, realized that water would be the lifeblood of their new community and made certain additional money was set aside for the acquisition of adequate water rights to the area. A few artesian wells were available and pipes eventually brought water from a variety of sources, including Lake Elsinore some 20 miles away.

The Santa Fe Depot was built in 1887 just north of the town site to provide transportation for those wishing to migrate to the area. That same year railroad fares from Kansas to Los Angeles dropped to an unprecedented $1 per person.

The Victorian Hotel Temescal was built to provide lodging for visitors and for new property owners waiting for the construction of their homes to be completed. Early leaders planted trees and donated valuable land to churches. Stores and businesses were established to provide needed goods and services for the fledgling community. Education began with a one-room schoolhouse. By 1889, a stately school for all grades was in place.

Within a few years, South Riverside became a highly desirable community. The success was due to the existence of rail transportation into town, the availability of affordable land and water, and hard-working residents determined to transform a desert into a garden. Corona’s relatively frostfree climate and rich soil were found to be quite conducive for raising citrus crops. Envisioning future profits, almost all the new settlers planted orange and lemon trees. The first orange bud grew behind the Hotel Temescal and the first oranges were shipped in 1893.

Grand Boulevard was the center of Corona and early residents liked to parade their fancy buggies along the street, which encircled the heart of the community: its schools, churches, residences, and businesses. Manufacturing plants and packing houses were located to the north along the railroad tracks. The southern end of town was left to the citrus industry. Lastly, mining interests were developed just outside the city’s southeastern and eastern city limits.

On July 13, 1896, the residents of South Riverside voted to incorporate their city and change the name to Corona, Spanish for crown, in honor of the city’s circular Grand Boulevard. By 1900, Corona’s population numbered 1,434.

The population continued to grow as Italians from Sicily were recruited to share their citrus growing expertise and brought their families with them. Hispanic workers, mainly from Mexico, became the workforce largely instrumental in the expansion and development of the local citrus industry. Eventually, citrus groves stretched from the south side of Grand Boulevard to Chase Drive and beyond to the Cleveland National Forest boundary. Some of the early pioneers who planted citrus in Corona were W. H. Jameson, A. F. Call, S. B. Hampton, John Flagler, and Ethan Allen Chase.

By 1920, Corona boasted 11 packing houses in which fruit was washed, sorted, stored, and boxed to be shipped