Cloud Computing : Beginners And Intermediate User Guide

About the author

David comer is a technology writer who has published multiple books on emerging technologies, such as Smart Cities, Cloud computing, Artificial Intelligence, and Blockchain. His PhD was in history, but he has worked in the tech industry for the past two decades as a consultant implementing cutting edge solutions for private and public customers. As an entrepreneur he has started multiple tech companies and as an Enterprise Architect he has been responsible for modernization and development of the Data Services of the City of New York.

© Copyrıght 2023 by ORCHID PUBLISHING- All rıghts reserved.

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Contents

About the author...............................................................3

© Copyrıght 2023 by ORCHID PUBLISHING- All rıghts reserved.........................4

Introduction...................................................................8

Historical Development........................................................9

Cloud Computing Reference..................................................10

The meaning of cloud computing...............................................11

Web Services and Cloud Computing............................................12

Cloud computing region & availability zone.......................................19

Cloud computing and power usage.............................................20

How important is the cloud?...................................................21

Grid Computing Vs Cloud Computing...........................................22

Comparison of Cloud technology with traditional computing..........................24

Applications of Cloud Computing...............................................24

Chapter 1: Selecting and Configuring Your Server...................................27

1.1. Which Kind of Instance?....................................................28

Chapter 2: Getting into Your Cloud Server.........................................31

2.1. Getting in from Linux.....................................................32

2.2. Getting in from Windows..................................................33

Chapter 3: Setting Up and Configuring the Software on Your Server.....................35

3.1. Installing LAMP.........................................................36

3.2. Testing Your Install......................................................37

3.3. Installing WordPress.....................................................38

3.4. Configuring WordPress...................................................40

3.5. Setting Up a .htaccess File................................................42

3.6. Specifying Your WordPress Installation to Apache..............................43

3.7. Testing and Troubleshooting the Installation of WordPress.......................44

3.8. Changing the File Permissions in WordPress..................................46

3.9. Updating WordPress.....................................................47

Chapter 4: Putting your server's IP address in static mode.............................47

4.1. WordPress Fixes Following an IP Change....................................49

Chapter 5. A domain name's setup and WordPress's configuration......................50

5.1. Testing a Domain without Buying It..........................................51

5.2. WordPress Updated to Utilize the Domain....................................52

Chapter 6. Establishing and Fastening Novel Disk Drives.............................53

6.1. Detaching a Disk........................................................56

Chapter 7. Several Websites Are Hosted on Your Server..............................57

7.1. Setting up Virtual Hosts...................................................58

Chapter 8. Using the Varnish Accelerator to Turbo-Boost Your Websites.................60

8.1. Installing Varnish........................................................61

8.2. Setting up Varnish Daemon................................................62

8.3. Varnish VCL File Editing..................................................64

8.4. The Complete VCL File...................................................68

8.5. Modifying the Port of Apache..............................................71

8.6. Configuring the New Apache Port for the Virtual Hosts..........................72

8.7. Verifying Varnish's Effectiveness...........................................73

Chapter 9. How to Make a Swap File..............................................75

Chapter 10. Performance tracking and Apache's automatic restart following crashes........76

10.1. Monitoring CPU and Memory Usage........................................76

10.2. Monitoring Disk Usage...................................................77

10.3. Monitoring Network Usage...............................................78

10.4. Watching for crashes in Apache and turning it on automatically..................79

Chapter 11. Constructing a Server Farm and Using Varnish to Balance It.................81

11.1. Establishing a Varnish Instance...........................................82

11.2. Setting Up the MySQL Instance...........................................83

11.3. Establishing and Setting Up the Apache Instances............................85

11.4. Starting the Apache Process..............................................86

11.5. Setting Up a Varnish Instance.............................................88

11.6. Setting Up the MySQL Instance...........................................91

11.7. Examining the Server Farm...............................................93

11.8. Determining the instance from which a webpage loads.........................94

Chapter 12. Configuring Cross-Instance Replication for Apache........................96

12.1. Configuring the Personal Keys............................................97

12.2. Configuring the User's Permissions for Ubuntu...............................98

12.3 Log Out and Log Back In.................................................99

12.4. Setting up and Verifying Unison..........................................100

12.5. Creating Unison Profiles................................................101

12.6. Carrying out a Replication Test...........................................103

12.7. Automating Procedures for Replication.....................................104

12.8. Updating the Apache Auto-Restart Script for Several Servers to Function.........105

12.9. How to Edit Your Website’s Files in a Replication Enviro.......................107

Introduction

Cloud computing can be defined as a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient and on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort from the user side and minimal service provider interaction.

Cloud computing is considered the evolution of a variety of technologies that have come together to change an organizations approach for building their IT infrastructure. Actually, there is nothing new in any of the technologies that are used in the cloud computing where most of these technologies have been known for ages. It is all about making them all accessible to the masses under the name of cloud computing. Cloud is not simply the latest term for the Internet, though the Internet is a necessary foundation for the cloud, the cloud is something more than the Internet. The cloud is where you go to use technology when you need it, for as long as you need it. You do not install anything on your desktop, and you do not pay for the technology when you are not using it.

The cloud can be both software and infrastructure. It can be an application you access through the Web or a server like Gmail and it can be also an IT infrastructure that can be used as per users request. Whether a service is software or hardware, the following is a simple test to determine whether that service is a cloud service :

Cloud computing is the delivery of on-demand computing services—from applications to storage and processing power—typically over the internet and on a pay-as-you-go basis.

If you can walk into any place and sit down at any computer without preference for operating system or browser and access a service, that service is cloud-based. Generally, there are three measures used to decide whether a particular service is a cloud service or not:

➢  The service is accessible via a web browser or web services API.

➢  Zero capital expenditure is necessary to get started.

➢  You pay only for what you use.

Historical Development

The vision of organizing compute resources as a utility grid materialized in the 1990s as an effort to solve grand challenges in scientific computing. The technology that was developed is referred to as Grid Computing and in practice involved interconnecting high-performance computing facilities across universities in regional, national, and pan-continent Grids. Grid middle-ware was concerned with transferring huge amounts