How to Use Bit Manipulation Methods in C++

// C++ Program to Use Union and Struct for Bit Manipulation

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

// Define a union BitSet with a bitfield structure and a
// combined 32-bit integer
union BitSet {
    // Structure to define four 8-bit parts within the
    // 32-bit integer
    struct {
        uint32_t part1 : 8;
        uint32_t part2 : 8;
        uint32_t part3 : 8;
        uint32_t part4 : 8;
    };
    // Combined 32-bit integer representation
    uint32_t combined;
};

int main()
{
    // Declare a BitSet variable
    BitSet bitSet;

    // Assign values to each part of the BitSet
    bitSet.part1 = 0x1A;
    bitSet.part2 = 0x2B;
    bitSet.part3 = 0x3C;
    bitSet.part4 = 0x4D;

    // Output the individual parts of the BitSet
    cout << "Part1: " << bitSet.part1
         << " Part2: " << bitSet.part2
         << " Part3: " << bitSet.part3
         << " Part4: " << bitSet.part4 << endl;

    // Assign a combined value to the BitSet
    bitSet.combined = 0x1A2B3C4D;

    // Output the individual parts after assigning a
    // combined value
    cout << "Combined to Parts -> Part1: " << bitSet.part1
         << " Part2: " << bitSet.part2
         << " Part3: " << bitSet.part3
         << " Part4: " << bitSet.part4 << endl;

    return 0;
}

// C++ Program to std::bitset for Bit Manipulation

#include <bitset>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    // Create a bitset of size 8 initialized with binary
    // string "10110011"
    bitset<8> bitSet1("10110011");

    // Perform bitwise NOT operation on bitSet1
    bitset<8> bitSet2 = ~bitSet1;

    // Output bitSet1 and bitSet2
    cout << "bitSet1        : " << bitSet1 << endl;
    cout << "bitSet2        : " << bitSet2 << endl;

    // Perform bitwise XOR operation between bitSet1 and
    // bitSet2
    cout << "bitSet1 XOR bitSet2: " << (bitSet1 ^ bitSet2)
         << endl;

    // Reset all bits in bitSet1 to 0 and output the result
    cout << "bitSet1 after reset  : " << bitSet1.reset()
         << endl;

    return 0;
}

// C++ Program to Use std::bitset for Bit Manipulation

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

// Function to swap two integers using bitwise XOR
void swapNumbers(int& a, int& b)
{
    // XOR operation to swap values without using a
    // temporary variable
    // a = a XOR b
    a = a ^ b;
    // b = (a XOR b) XOR b = a
    b = a ^ b;
    // a = (a XOR b) XOR a = b
    a = a ^ b;
}

int main()
{
    // initialize two numbers
    int x = 15;
    int y = 27;

    cout << "Before swap -> x: " << x << " y: " << y
         << endl;

    // Call the swap function
    swapNumbers(x, y);

    cout << "After swap -> x: " << x << " y: " << y << endl;

    return 0;
}