Generate Factors with specified Levels in R Programming - gl() Function Last Updated : 16 Jun, 2020 Comments Improve Suggest changes Like Article Like Report gl() function in R Language is used to generate factors by specifying the pattern of their levels. Syntax: gl(x, k, length, labels, ordered) Parameters: x: Number of levels k: Number of replications length: Length of result labels: Labels for the vector(optional) ordered: Boolean value to order the levels Example 1: Python3 1== # R Program to generate factors # Creating a factor # using gl() function x1 <- gl(2, 5) # gl() function with # length specified x2 <- gl(3, 4, 12) # Printing the factors print(x1) print(x2) Output: [1] 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 Levels: 1 2 [1] 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 Levels: 1 2 3 Example 2: Python3 1== # R Program to generate factors # gl() function with # length and labels specified x1 <- gl(3, 4, 12, label = letters[1:12]) # gl() function with # length, label and order specified x2 <- gl(3, 4, 12, label = letters[1:12], ordered = T) # Printing the factors print(x1) print(x2) Output: [1] a a a a b b b b c c c c Levels: a b c d e f g h i j k l [1] a a a a b b b b c c c c Levels: a < b < c < d < e < f < g < h < i < j < k < l Comment More infoAdvertise with us Next Article Generate Factors with specified Levels in R Programming - gl() Function N nidhi_biet Follow Improve Article Tags : R Language R Factor-Function Similar Reads Get or Set Levels of a Factor in R Programming - levels() Function levels() function in R Language is used to get or set the levels of a factor. Syntax: levels(x) Parameters: x: Factor Object Example 1: Python3 1== # R program to get levels of a factor # Creating a factor gender <- factor(c("female", "male", "male", "female 1 min read Generate a Sequence from 1 to any Specified Number in R Programming - seq_len() Function seq_len() function in R Language is used to generate a sequence from 1 to the specified number. Syntax: seq_len(x) Parameters: x: specified number Example 1: Python3 # R program to illustrate # seq_len function # Calling the seq_len() function seq_len(1) seq_len(3) seq_len(0) seq_len(6) Output: [1] 1 min read Get the Number of Levels of a Factor in R Programming - nlevels() Function nlevels() function in R Language is used to get the number of levels of a factor. Syntax: nlevels(x) Parameters: x: Factor Object Example 1: Python3 1== # R program to get the number # of levels of a factor # Creating a factor x <- gl(3, 2) x # Calling nlevels() function # to get the number of le 1 min read Get a List of Numbers in the Specified Range in R Programming - seq.int() Function seq.int() function in R Language is used to return a list of numbers in the specified range. Syntax: seq.int(from, to, by) Parameters: from: specified range from to: specified range to by: specified number by which it jumps through returned number Example 1: Python3 # R program to illustrate # seq.i 1 min read Generating sequenced Vectors in R Programming - sequence() Function sequence() function in R Language is used to create a vector of sequenced elements. It creates vectors with specified length, and specified differences between elements. It is similar to seq() function. Syntax: sequence(x) Parameters: x: Maximum element of vector Example 1: Python3 1== # R program t 1 min read Like