How to Create and Modify Properties File Form Java Program in Text and XML Format?

Last Updated : 21 Dec, 2021

Properties file are a text-oriented key value a pair of contents present in a Java project with .properties extension. Line by line, the key-value pair of contents are present, and they are usually prepared by means of notepad, Wordpad, EditPlus, etc., Properties files are usually helpful to store important sensitive information and in this article, let us see how to create properties file using Java programs.

Java API got java.util.Properties class and it has several utility stores() methods to store properties in either Text or XML format. In order to store property in text format, Store() method can be used. storeToXML() is used to make in XML format.

store() method took two parameters like Output Stream and Comments.

Text format creation:

Let us see how to create a properties file in a text format. As we are creating properties contents, a valid file path location needs to be given.

Java

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;

public class CreationOfTextOrientedProperties {

    public static void main(String args[])
        throws FileNotFoundException, IOException
    {

        // Creating properties files from Java program
        Properties properties = new Properties();
      
        // In the name of userCreated.properties, in the
        // current directory location, the file is created
        FileOutputStream fileOutputStream
            = new FileOutputStream(
                "userCreated.properties");

        // As an example, given steps how
        // to keep username and password
        properties.setProperty("username", "value1");
        properties.setProperty("password", "value2");

        // writing properties into properties file
        // from Java As we are writing text format,
        // store() method is used
        properties.store(
            fileOutputStream,
            "Sample way of creating Properties file from Java program");

        fileOutputStream.close();
    }
}

Output:

We are using store() to save the properties file in text format. As key-value pairs, they are set. i.e. key = value. Other than that, all are considered as comments and hence with # symbol, comments are placed.

Usage of properties in text format is helpful in many instances when the property contents are less, and the team of developers is often changing, and end-users are on the Non-IT side.

XML format creation:

In many instances, XML is needed which provides an easy-to-understand and efficient format for storing important sensitive information. Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language, and it is having a set of rules for encoding documents, and they are understandable in both human-readable and machine-readable format. Here, let us see how to create via Java program

Java

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;

public class CreationOfXMLOrientedProperties {

    public static void main(String args[])
        throws FileNotFoundException, IOException
    {

        // Creating properties files from Java program
        Properties properties = new Properties();

        // In the name of userCreated.xml, in the current
        // directory location, the file is created
        FileOutputStream fileOutputStream
            = new FileOutputStream("userCreated.xml");

        // As an example, given steps how to keep username
        // and password
        properties.setProperty("username", "value1");
        properties.setProperty("password", "value2");

        // writing properties into properties file
        // from Java As we are writing in XML format,
        // storeToXML() method is used
        properties.storeToXML(
            fileOutputStream,
            "Sample way of creating Properties file from Java program");

        fileOutputStream.close();
    }
}

Output:

If we check out the output of XML, it has an equal opening and closing of entries.

The one created via java programs also has the same structure. It has started to have with <properties> and end with </properties>. Other than key-value pair sets, the text is treated as comments and hence they are inside the comment tags. Properties files are having key values only and here also it is declared within "entry" tags along with "key=" which means separate entries are given for each and every key-value pair.

Whenever the properties file contents are huge and having sensitive information like banking transactions, financial data, etc., it is better to go in XML format only.

A convenient way of converting XML contents to Read-only Text Mode way

Java

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.InvalidPropertiesFormatException;
import java.util.Properties;

public class ConvertXMLToTextOrientedProperties {
    public static void main(String[] args)
        throws InvalidPropertiesFormatException, IOException
    {
        String outputPropertiesFile
            = "sampleapplication.properties";
        String inputXmlFile
            = "sampleapplicationProperties.xml";

        // Input XML File which contains
        // necessary information
        InputStream inputStream
            = new FileInputStream(inputXmlFile);

        // Output properties File
        OutputStream outputStream
            = new FileOutputStream(outputPropertiesFile);

        Properties properties = new Properties();

        // Load XML file that has necessary information
        properties.loadFromXML(inputStream);

        // Store to properties file via this way
        properties.store(
            outputStream,
            "Converted from sampleapplicationProperties.xml");

        // For sample testing let us get username--It is
        // nothing but "Geek"

        // As it is converted to .properties file,
        // we can get the values in this way
        System.out.println(properties.get("username"));
    }
}

Input file (sampleapplicationProperties.xml)

XML

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE properties SYSTEM "http://java.sun.com/dtd/properties.dtd">
<properties>
<comment>Elegant way of converting sampleapplicationProperties.xml 
  to Sampleapplication.properties</comment>
<entry key="username">Geek</entry>
  <entry key="password">XXXXWeldoneXXXX</entry>
</properties>

Generated Output file(sampleapplication.properties)

And also as we have, System.out.println(properties.get("username")); , it displays

"Geek" as output. So loadFromXML() helps to load the XML file and converts that to text-oriented properties file by means of the store() and also as got converted, we can get the property values easily.

Conclusion :

In this article, we have seen the ways of creation of properties files from java programs. Enjoy them to your convenience. They are helpful in any part of the software project as properties files are key files that hold sensitive information and also as they are in key-value pairs either as text or XML format, dynamic usage is seen, and at any point of time, we can modify them easily too.