How Do I Handle Multi-Byte Characters in C++?

In C++, characters are represented using the char data type, which is designed to hold a single byte. However, there are many languages other than English, and all these characters cannot be represented by a single byte. These characters are known as multi-byte characters. In this article, we will learn how to handle multi-byte characters in C++.

Example:

Input:
A multi-byte character 

Output:
// Hello in Japanese
 こんにちは. 

Create a Multi-Byte Characters in C++

C++ provides the wchar_t data type to handle the multi-byte characters. It is similar to the char data type but it allows stores the wide characters instead. These wide characters are 2 bytes in size. We can create a sequence of these wide characters to make a string solely of wide characters. The std::wstring is such a string object defined inside the  <string> header file.

Before that, we need to enable all the language formatting using the std::setlocate() function.

Approach

• Set the locale to handle multi-byte characters using the std::setlocale function.
• Create a wide-character string using std::wstring which can store the multi-byte characters.
• Print the wide-character string using std::wcout.

C++ Program to Handle Multi-Byte Characters

The below program demonstrates how we can handle multi-byte characters in C++.

// C++ program to demonstrates how we can handle multi-byte
// characters
#include <iostream>
#include <locale>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    // Setting the locale
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "");

    // Creating a wide character string
    wstring str = L"こんにちは";

    // Printing the wide character string
    wcout << str << endl;

    return 0;
}

Output

こんにちは

Time Complexity: O(N) where N is the number of characters in the string.
Auxiliary Space: O(N)