Python Numbers, Type Conversion and Mathematics
Last Updated :
17 Dec, 2020
Prerequisite: Python Language Introduction
Python is a general-purpose interpreted, interactive, object-oriented, and high-level programming language. It was created by Guido van Rossum. It is an open-source programming language.
Types of numbers in Python
There are three numeric types in Python:
As Python is a Loosely typed language, we need not define the variable. Variables of numeric types are created when you assign a value to them.
Example :
Python3
# int
var1 = 3
# float
var2 = 3.14
# complex
var3 = 3j
# type() method return the
# data type of the variable
print(type(var1))
print(type(var2))
print(type(var3))
Output:
<class 'int'>
<class 'float'>
<class 'complex'>
Type conversion
Converting the value of one data type (integer, string, float, etc.) to another data type is called type conversion.
Example:
Python3
# Python code to demonstrate Type conversion
var1 = 3.14
# type conversion of float to int .
var2 = int(var1)
print ("After converting float to integer : ", var2)
print ("type : ",type(var2))
# type conversion of string to integer
var3 = "323"
var4 = int(var3)
print ("After converting string to integer : ", var4)
print ("type : ",type(var4))
Output:
After converting float to integer : 3
type : <class 'int'>
After converting string to integer : 323
type : <class 'int'>
 Arithmetic operations on a number
You can add, subtract, multiply, and divide numbers using various methods.
operator
| description
| example
|
| + Addition | Add values on either side of the operator. | 2 + 3 = 5 |
| - Subtraction | Subtracts right-hand value from left hand value. | 3 - 2 = 1 |
| * Multiplication | Multiply values on either side of the operator | 2 * 3 = 6 |
| / Division | Divides two operands | 3 / 2 = 1.5 |
| % Modulus | Divides two operands and returns remainder | 3 / 2 =1 |
| ** Exponent | Perform power operation | 3 ** 2 = 9 |
| // | Floor Division | 3 // 2 = 1 |
Example:
Python3
a = 50
b = 30
# Addition of numbers
add = a + b
# Subtraction of numbers
sub = a - b
# Multiplication of number
mul = a * b
# Division of number
div1 = a / b
# Division of number
div2 = a // b
# Modulo of both number
mod = a % b
# Power
p = a ** b
# print results
print(add)
print(sub)
print(mul)
print(div1)
print(div2)
print(mod)
print(p)
Output:
80
20
1500
1.6666666666666667
1
20
931322574615478515625000000000000000000000000000000
Math Functions:
The math module has a set of mathematical functions, Some of them are discussed below.
Method
| Description
|
| math.sqrt() | Returns the square root of a number |
| math.pow() | Returns the value of x to the power of y |
| math.perm() | Returns the number of ways to choose k items from n items with order and without repetition |
| math.gcd() | Returns the greatest common divisor of two integers |
| math.floor() | Rounds a number down to the nearest integer |
| math.ceil() | Rounds a number up to the nearest integer |
| math.factorial() | Returns the factorial of a number |
Example 1:
Python3
# Python code to demonstrate the working of
# ceil() and floor()
# importing "math" for mathematical operations
import math
a = 2.3
# returning the ceil of 2.3
print ("The ceil of 2.3 is : ", end="")
print (math.ceil(a))
# returning the floor of 2.3
print ("The floor of 2.3 is : ", end="")
print (math.floor(a))
Output:
The ceil of 2.3 is : 3
The floor of 2.3 is : 2
Example 2:
Python3
# importing "math" for mathematical operations
import math
a = -10
b = 5.5
c = 15
d = 5
# returning the copysigned value.
print ("The copysigned value of -10 and 5.5 is : ", end="")
print (math.copysign(5.5, -10))
# returning the gcd of 15 and 5
print ("The gcd of 5 and 15 is : ", end="")
print (math.gcd(5,15))
Output:
The copysigned value of -10 and 5.5 is : -5.5
The gcd of 5 and 15 is : 5
To learn more about Math Functions you can refer to this article on Geekforgeeks
Random numbers:
In Python, we have a set of functions that are used to generate random numbers. These functions are used in games and lottery applications.
Methods in the random library:
- Choice()
- randrange()
- random
- seed()
Example:
Python3
# importing "random" for random operations
import random
# using random() to generate a random number
# between 0 and 1
print ("A random number between 0 and 1 is : ", end="")
print (random.random())
Output:
A random number between 0 and 1 is : 0.8548698466875713
There is a detailed article on random numbers in geeksforgeeks. Â You can refer to the article here.