Consider the Quicksort algorithm. Suppose there is a procedure for finding a pivot element that splits the list into two sub-lists each of which contains at least one-fifth of the elements. Let T(n) be the number of comparisons required to sort n elements. Then
T(n) <= 2T(n/5) + n
T(n) <= T(n/5) + T(4n/5) + n
T(n) <= 2T(4n/5) + n
T(n) <= 2T(n/2) + n
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