StackOverflowError in Java with examples

// Java program to demonstrate
// infinite recursion error

public class StackOverflowErrorClass {
    static int i = 0;

    // Method to print numbers
    public static int printNumber(int x)
    {

        i = i + 2;
        System.out.println(i);
        return i + printNumber(i + 2);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        // Recursive call without any
        // terminating condition
        StackOverflowErrorClass.printNumber(i);
    }
}

RunTime Error in java code :- Exception in thread "main" java.lang.StackOverflowError at java.io.PrintStream.write(PrintStream.java:526) at java.io.PrintStream.print(PrintStream.java:597) at java.io.PrintStream.println(PrintStream.java:736) at StackOverflowErrorClass.printNumber(StackOverflowErrorClass.java:13) at StackOverflowErrorClass.printNumber(StackOverflowErrorClass.java:14) at StackOverflowErrorClass.printNumber(StackOverflowErrorClass.java:14) . . .

1. Avoiding repetitive calls: Try to introduce a proper terminating condition or some condition for the recursive calls to ensure that it terminates. Given below is the implementation with proper terminating condition: Java

   // Java Program to demonstrate proper
   // use of terminating condition
   
   // Printing natural numbers
   public class stackOverflow {
       static int i = 0;
       public static int printNumber(int x)
       {
   
           i = i + 2;
           System.out.println(i);
   
           // Terminating condition
           if (i == 10)
               return i;
   
           return i + printNumber(i + 2);
       }
   
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
           stackOverflow.printNumber(i);
       }
   }
   

   Output:

   2
   4
   6
   8
   10
   

2. Increasing the Stack Size: The second method could be, if you notice that it's implemented correctly still we see an error, then we can avoid that only by increasing the Stack Size in order to store the required number of recursive calls. This is achieved by changing the settings of the compiler. Cyclic Relationships between classes is the relationship caused when two different classes instantiate each other inside their constructors. StackOverflowError is encountered because the constructor of Class A1 is instantiating Class A2, and the constructor of Class A2 is again instantiating Class A1, and it occurs repeatedly until we see StackOverflow. This error is mainly due to the bad calling of constructors, that is, calling each other, which is not even required, and also it doesn't hold any significance, so we can just avoid introducing them in the codes. Given below is the implementation of Cyclic Relationships Between Classes: Java

   // Java Program to demonstrate
   // cyclic relationship between class
   
   public class A1 {
       public A2 type2;
       public A1()
       {
   
           // Constructor of A2 is called
           // hence object of A2 is created
           type2 = new A2();
       }
   
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
   
           // Cycle is started by
           // invoking constructor of class A1
           A1 type1 = new A1();
       }
   }
   
   class A2 {
       public A1 type1;
       public A2()
       {
   
           // Constructor of A1 is called
           // hence object of A1 is created
           type1 = new A1();
       }
   }
   

   Runtime Error:

   RunTime Error in java code :- Exception in thread "main" java.lang.StackOverflowError at A2.(A1.java:32) at A1.(A1.java:13) at A2.(A1.java:32) . . .

   Note: This will keep repeating, Infinite Recursion is seen by these infinite cyclic calls.