Suffix Sum Array

Suffix Sum ArrayGiven an array arr[] of size N, the task is to compute and return its suffix sum array. 

Suffix Sum is a precomputation technique in which the sum of all the elements of the original array from an index i till the end of the array is computed.

Therefore, this suffix sum array will be created using the relation: 

suffixSum[i] = arr[i] + arr[i+1] + arr[i+2] … +arr[n-1] 

Examples:

Input: arr[] = { 15, 10, 25, 5, 10, 20 } , N = 6
Output: suffixSum[] = { 85, 70, 60, 35, 30, 20}
Explanation: While traversing the array from back, keep adding element from the back with element at current index.
suffixSum[5] = 20,  
suffixSum[4] =suffixSum[5] + arr[4] = 20+10 = 30 ,  
suffixSum[3] = suffixSum[4] + arr[3] = 30+5 = 35 and so on.

Input: arr[] = {10, 14, 16, 20}, n = 6
Output: suffixSum[] = {60, 50, 36, 20}
Explanation: suffixSum[3] = 20,  
suffixSum[2] =suffixSum[3] + arr[2] = 20+16 = 36 ,  
suffixSum[1] = suffixSum[2] + arr[1] = 36+14 = 40 and so on.

Naive Approach:

The naive approach to solve the problem is to traverse each element of the array and for each element calculate the sum of remaining elements to its right including itself using another loop. 

Algorithm:

1.    Initialize an empty result vector suffixSum of size N with all elements as 0.
2.    Traverse the array arr[] from left to right using a for loop.
3.    For each i-th element in arr[], initialize a variable sum to 0.
4.    Traverse the subarray arr[i:N] from i-th index to N-th index using another for loop.
5.    For each j-th element in the subarray arr[i:N], add the value of arr[j] to the variable sum.
6.    After the inner loop is completed, set the i-th index of suffixSum vector as the value of sum.
7.    Continue the outer loop until all elements of arr[] have been traversed.
8.    The suffixSum vector now contains the suffix sum array for the input array arr[].
9.    Return the suffixSum vector.

Below is the implementation of the approach:

// C++ code for the approach

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Driver's code
int main() {
    vector<int> arr = { 10, 14, 16, 20 };
    
      int n = arr.size();
       
      // initialize the suffix sum array with all elements as 0
    vector<int> suffixSum(n, 0);

    for(int i=0; i<n; i++) {
          // calculate the sum of remaining elements to the right
        for(int j=i; j<n; j++) {
            suffixSum[i] += arr[j]; 
        }
    }
          
      // Printing the computed suffix sum array
    cout << "Suffix sum array: ";
    for(int i=0; i<suffixSum.size(); i++) {
        cout << suffixSum[i] << " ";
    }
      
    return 0;
}

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class SuffixSumArray {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<Integer> arr = List.of(10, 14, 16, 20);

        int n = arr.size();

        // Initialize the suffix sum array with all elements as 0
        List<Integer> suffixSum = new ArrayList<>(n);
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            suffixSum.add(0);
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            // Calculate the sum of remaining elements to the right
            for (int j = i; j < n; j++) {
                suffixSum.set(i, suffixSum.get(i) + arr.get(j));
            }
        }

        // Printing the computed suffix sum array
        System.out.print("Suffix sum array: ");
        for (int i = 0; i < suffixSum.size(); i++) {
            System.out.print(suffixSum.get(i) + " ");
        }
    }
}

arr = [10, 14, 16, 20]
n = len(arr)

# Initialize the suffix sum array with all elements as 0
suffix_sum = [0] * n

for i in range(n):
    # Calculate the sum of remaining elements to the right
    for j in range(i, n):
        suffix_sum[i] += arr[j]

# Printing the computed suffix sum array
print("Suffix sum array:", suffix_sum)

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        List<int> arr = new List<int> { 10, 14, 16, 20 };
        int n = arr.Count;

        // Initialize the suffix sum array with all elements as 0
        List<int> suffixSum = new List<int>(new int[n]);

        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
            // Calculate the sum of remaining elements to the right
            for (int j = i; j < n; j++)
            {
                suffixSum[i] += arr[j];
            }
        }

        // Printing the computed suffix sum array
        Console.Write("Suffix sum array: ");
        foreach (int sum in suffixSum)
        {
            Console.Write(sum + " ");
        }

        Console.WriteLine();
    }
}

// Function to compute the suffix sum array
function computeSuffixSum(arr) {
    const n = arr.length;
    const suffixSum = new Array(n).fill(0);

    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        // Calculate the sum of remaining elements to the right
        for (let j = i; j < n; j++) {
            suffixSum[i] += arr[j];
        }
    }

    return suffixSum;
}

// Main driver function
function main() {
    const arr = [10, 14, 16, 20];

    // Compute the suffix sum array
    const suffixSum = computeSuffixSum(arr);

    // Printing the computed suffix sum array
    console.log("Suffix sum array:", suffixSum.join(" "));
}

// Call the main function
main();

Suffix sum array: 60 50 36 20 

Time Complexity: O(n*n) where n is size of input array. This is because two nested loops are executing.
Auxiliary Space: O(N), to store the suffix sum array.

Approach: To fill the suffix sum array, we run through index N-1 to 0 and keep on adding the current element with the previous value in the suffix sum array.

• Create an array of size N to store the suffix sum.
• Initialize the last element of the suffix sum array with the last element of the original array
  suffixSum[n-1] = arr[n-1]
• Traverse the original array from N-2 to 0
  • For each index i find the suffix sum and store it at suffixSum[i]
  • suffixSum[i] = suffixSum[i + 1] + arr[i]
• Return the computed suffix sum array.

Below is the implementation of the above approach to create a suffix sum array:

// C++ program for Implementing
// suffix sum array
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Function to create suffix sum array
vector<int> createSuffixSum(vector<int> arr, int n)
{
    // Create an array to store the suffix sum
    vector<int> suffixSum(n, 0);

    // Initialize the last element of
    // suffix sum array with last element
    // of original array
    suffixSum[n - 1] = arr[n - 1];

    // Traverse the array from n-2 to 0
    for (int i = n - 2; i >= 0; i--)

        // Adding current element
        // with previous element from back
        suffixSum[i] = suffixSum[i + 1] + arr[i];

    // Return the computed suffixSum array
    return suffixSum;
}

// Driver Code
int main()
{
    vector<int> arr = { 10, 14, 16, 20 };
    int N = arr.size();

    // Function call to fill suffix sum array
    vector<int> suffixSum = createSuffixSum(arr, N);

    // Printing the computed suffix sum array
    cout << "Suffix sum array: ";
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        cout << suffixSum[i] << " ";
}

// Java program for Implementing
// suffix sum array
import java.util.*;
public class GFG {

  // Function to create suffix sum array
  static int[] createSuffixSum(int[] arr, int n)
  {

    // Create an array to store the suffix sum
    int[] suffixSum = new int[n];

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      suffixSum[i] = 0;
    }

    // Initialize the last element of
    // suffix sum array with last element
    // of original array
    suffixSum[n - 1] = arr[n - 1];

    // Traverse the array from n-2 to 0
    for (int i = n - 2; i >= 0; i--)

      // Adding current element
      // with previous element from back
      suffixSum[i] = suffixSum[i + 1] + arr[i];

    // Return the computed suffixSum array
    return suffixSum;
  }

  // Driver Code
  public static void main(String args[])
  {
    int[] arr = { 10, 14, 16, 20 };
    int N = arr.length;

    // Function call to fill suffix sum array
    int[] suffixSum = createSuffixSum(arr, N);

    // Printing the computed suffix sum array
    System.out.print("Suffix sum array: ");
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
      System.out.print(suffixSum[i] + " ");
  }
}

// This code is contributed by Samim Hossain Mondal.

# python3 program for Implementing
# suffix sum array

# Function to create suffix sum array
def createSuffixSum(arr, n):

    # Create an array to store the suffix sum
    suffixSum = [0 for _ in range(n)]

    # Initialize the last element of
    # suffix sum array with last element
    # of original array
    suffixSum[n - 1] = arr[n - 1]

    # Traverse the array from n-2 to 0
    for i in range(n-2, -1, -1):

        # Adding current element
        # with previous element from back
        suffixSum[i] = suffixSum[i + 1] + arr[i]

    # Return the computed suffixSum array
    return suffixSum

# Driver Code
if __name__ == "__main__":

    arr = [10, 14, 16, 20]
    N = len(arr)

    # Function call to fill suffix sum array
    suffixSum = createSuffixSum(arr, N)

    # Printing the computed suffix sum array
    print("Suffix sum array: ", end="")
    for i in range(0, N):
        print(suffixSum[i], end=" ")

    # This code is contributed by rakeshsahni

// C# program for Implementing
// suffix sum array
using System;
class GFG {

  // Function to create suffix sum array
  static int[] createSuffixSum(int[] arr, int n)
  {

    // Create an array to store the suffix sum
    int[] suffixSum = new int[n];

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      suffixSum[i] = 0;
    }

    // Initialize the last element of
    // suffix sum array with last element
    // of original array
    suffixSum[n - 1] = arr[n - 1];

    // Traverse the array from n-2 to 0
    for (int i = n - 2; i >= 0; i--)

      // Adding current element
      // with previous element from back
      suffixSum[i] = suffixSum[i + 1] + arr[i];

    // Return the computed suffixSum array
    return suffixSum;
  }

  // Driver Code
  public static void Main()
  {
    int[] arr = { 10, 14, 16, 20 };
    int N = arr.Length;

    // Function call to fill suffix sum array
    int[] suffixSum = createSuffixSum(arr, N);

    // Printing the computed suffix sum array
    Console.Write("Suffix sum array: ");
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
      Console.Write(suffixSum[i] + " ");
  }
}

// This code is contributed by Samim Hossain Mondal.

  <script>
        // JavaScript code for the above approach

        // Function to create suffix sum array
        function createSuffixSum(arr, n)
        {
        
            // Create an array to store the suffix sum
            let suffixSum = new Array(n).fill(0);

            // Initialize the last element of
            // suffix sum array with last element
            // of original array
            suffixSum[n - 1] = arr[n - 1];

            // Traverse the array from n-2 to 0
            for (let i = n - 2; i >= 0; i--)

                // Adding current element
                // with previous element from back
                suffixSum[i] = suffixSum[i + 1] + arr[i];

            // Return the computed suffixSum array
            return suffixSum;
        }

        // Driver Code
        let arr = [10, 14, 16, 20];
        let N = arr.length;

        // Function call to fill suffix sum array
        let suffixSum = createSuffixSum(arr, N);

        // Printing the computed suffix sum array
        document.write("Suffix sum array: ")
        for (let i = 0; i < N; i++)
            document.write(suffixSum[i] + " ");

       // This code is contributed by Potta Lokesh
    </script>

Suffix sum array: 60 50 36 20 

Time Complexity: O(N), to traverse the original array for computing suffix sum.
Auxiliary Space: O(N), to store the suffix sum array.