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Last Updated : 29 Jan, 2025
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TensorFlow is an open-source powerful library by Google to build machine learning and deep learning models. The huge ecosystem of TensorFlow will make it easier for everyone in developing, training and deployment of scalable AI solutions. TensorFlow cheat sheet helps you on immediate reference to commands, tools, and techniques. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced developer, this guide will streamline your workflow and boost your productivity with TensorFlow.

_TensorFlow-Cheat-sheet

In this article , Tensor Cheat-Sheet provides a concise overview of key commands and Techniques;

What is TensorFlow?

TensorFlow is a free and open-source machine learning framework developed by Google mainly used to build, train and deploy machine learning and deep learning models. It supports numerous tasks such as image recognition and natural language processing. It is available on both CPU, GPU and TPU without hiccups and the easy-to-use in Keras API.

TensorFlow Cheat-Sheet

A "TensorFlow cheat sheet" is a convenient reference guide giving easy and ready access to key commands, functions and techniques. It forms a useful pocket guide for programmers, data scientists and Machine Learning enthusiasts to make life easier by compressing the main features of core TensorFlow into their workflow.

Download the Cheat-Sheet Here- Tensorflow Cheat-Sheet

Import Tensor-Flow

To import TensorFlow in your python code, use the command

Python
import tensorflow as tf

Basic Operations

TensorFlow offers many basic operations which can be applied to tensors. Below is a summary of common operations that include addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and reshaping.

Command

Execution

a = tf.constant(5)

b = tf.constant(3)

c = a + b

print(c.numpy())

In TensorFlow, a constant is an immutable tensor that is meant to store values fixed throughout the runtime of a program.


x = tf.Variable(10)

x.assign(15) # Update value

print(x.numpy())

In TensorFlow, a variable is an object representing a shared persistent state modified during program execution.


Tensors

Tensors are the data structures used in TensorFlow to basically refer to multi-dimensional arrays. These are similar to NumPy arrays but offer some capabilities that are special to machine and deep learning.

Command

Execution

tensor = tf.constant([[1, 2], [3, 4]])

print(tensor)

In TensorFlow, you can construct tensors using various functions such as `tf.constant()` for constant value, `tf.zeros()` to fill a tensor with zeros and `tf.ones()` to fill the tensor with ones.

reshaped = tf.reshape(tensor, [4, 1])

print(reshaped)

Reshaping tensors in TensorFlow changes the shape of a tensor without changing its data.


Optimizers

Command

Execution

optimizer = tf.keras.optimizers.Adam(learning_rate=0.001)

Optimizers are a must-have in any TensorFlow application for adjusting the weights in a model towards minimizing the loss function during the training process.

Loss Functions

Command

Execution

loss = tf.keras.losses.MeanSquaredError()

Loss functions are one of the most important things when training a machine learning model in TensorFlow as they represent the difference between the actual target values and the predicted values

Training and Evaluation

Training and Evaluation are two core processes in TensorFlow that allow building and evaluating machine learning models.

Command

Execution

model.compile(optimizer=optimizer, loss=loss, metrics=['accuracy'])

Compiling a model in TensorFlow is one of the essential steps that have to be performed before training and evaluating the model.


model.fit(x_train, y_train, epochs=10, batch_size=32)

Train a model in TensorFlow by importing necessary libraries, loading your dataset, preprocessing it (e.g., normalize pixel values) defining the architecture of your neural network using the Keras API.


model.evaluate(x_test, y_test)

To evaluate a model from TensorFlow, you would use the `model.evaluate()` method, which evaluates the model's performance on the dataset by computing the loss and optionally selected metrics.

TensorFlow Datasets

The TensorFlow Datasets library is one that provides datasets ready to be used in a machine learning program with TensorFlow or other frameworks. It simplifies the process of downloading, preparing, and loading datasets through `tfds.load()`, returning a `tf.data.Dataset` object.

Command

Execution

mnist = tf.keras.datasets.mnist

(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = mnist.load_data()

x_train, x_test = x_train / 255.0, x_test / 255.0

we can use the function `tfds.load()` from the TensorFlow Datasets (TFDS) library to load a dataset in TensorFlow.

Saving and Loading Models

You can save and load models in TensorFlow using the model.save() and tf.keras.models.load_model() methods. To save the whole model including architecture, weights, and optimizer state, you would call model.save(my_model).

Command

Execution

model.save('model_name.h5')

You can save a model in TensorFlow with the model.save() method, which saves the entire architecture, weights, and optimizer state of the model.


new_model = tf.keras.models.load_model('model_name.h5')

To load a model in TensorFlow, you might use the following function called tf.keras.models.load_model() which allows you to read a saved model from the storage for further usage.

GPU Utilization

GPU utilization in TensorFlow is very important to optimize the performance of model training. Tools like NVIDIA's nvidia-smi can be used to monitor the GPU metrics. TensorBoard has profiling tools to visualize the GPU performance where you can easily find inefficiencies.

Command

Execution

print("Num GPUs Available: ", len(tf.config.list_physical_devices('GPU')))

checking GPU availability in TensorFlow

gpus = tf.config.experimental.list_physical_devices('GPU')

if gpus:

tf.config.experimental.set_memory_growth(gpus[0], True)

This code snippet is used to enable the growth of GPU memory in TensorFlow, which allocates GPU memory incrementally as needed instead of preallocating all available memory.


TensorFlow Utilities

TensorFlow offers strong utilities to streamline development in various facts of machine learning and deep learning. The features involved include efficient data handling through `tf.data`, which can easily scale input pipelines, Keras for easy building and training models and some built-in functions involving evaluation metrics, such as accuracy.

Command

Execution

with tf.GradientTape() as tape:

predictions = model(x_train)

loss_value = loss(y_train, predictions)

grads = tape.gradient(loss_value, model.trainable_variables)

optimizer.apply_gradients(zip(grads, model.trainable_variables))

tf.GradientTape in TensorFlow enables automatic differentiation, making it ideal for implementing custom training loops

numpy_array = tensor.numpy()

Converting a TensorFlow Tensor into a NumPy Array A NumPy array from a TensorFlow tensor can be acquired through the tensor object using its `numpy()` method.


TensorFlow Lite

TensorFlow Lite is a lightweight, cross-platform, open-source software framework designed primarily for deploying machine learning models on mobile and edge devices. It powers efficient on-device inference, reducing latency and enhancing user privacy by handling data locally-no server communication is involved.

Command

Execution

converter = tf.lite.TFLiteConverter.from_saved_model('model_name')

tflite_model = converter.convert()

To convert a TensorFlow model into TFLite, you would use the class `tf.lite.TFLiteConverter`.


Hands-on Practice on TensorFlow

Import TensorFlow

Python
import tensorflow as tf
print(tf.__version__)  

Define Tensors

Python
a = tf.constant(5)
b = tf.constant(3)
result = a + b
print("Addition Result:", result.numpy())

Output:

Addition Result: 8

Creating Tensor

Python
tensor = tf.constant([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
print("Tensor:\n", tensor.numpy())

Output:

Tensor:

[[1 2]

[3 4]]

Perform Matrix Operations

Python
matrix1 = tf.constant([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
matrix2 = tf.constant([[2, 0], [1, 2]])
result = tf.matmul(matrix1, matrix2)
print("Matrix Multiplication Result:\n", result.numpy())

Output:

Matrix Multiplication Result:

[[4 4]

[10 8]]

Build Neural Network

Python
from tensorflow.keras.models import Sequential
from tensorflow.keras.layers import Dense

# Create a model
model = Sequential([
    Dense(10, activation='relu', input_shape=(2,)),
    Dense(1, activation='sigmoid')
])

# Compile the model
model.compile(optimizer='adam', loss='binary_crossentropy', metrics=['accuracy'])

# Display the model summary
model.summary()

Output:

Model: "sequential"

Layer (type) Output Shape Param #

dense (Dense) (None, 10) 30

dense_1 (Dense) (None, 1) 11

Total params: 41

Trainable params: 41

Non-trainable params: 0

Training Model

Python
import numpy as np

# Generate some dummy data
X = np.random.rand(100, 2)
y = np.random.randint(0, 2, size=(100,))

# Train the model
model.fit(X, y, epochs=5, batch_size=10)

Output:

Epoch 1/5

10/10 - 0s 1ms/step - loss: 0.6951 - accuracy: 0.5100

Epoch 2/5

10/10 - 0s 1ms/step - loss: 0.6940 - accuracy: 0.5200

Making Model Prediction

Python
# Predict on new data
test_data = np.random.rand(5, 2)
predictions = model.predict(test_data)
print("Predictions:\n", predictions)

Output:

Predictions:

[[0.54983985]

[0.50234926]

[0.49029356]

[0.52347356]

[0.56718266]]

Save and Load Model

Python
# Save the model
model.save('my_model.h5')

# Load the model
loaded_model = tf.keras.models.load_model('my_model.h5')
print("Model loaded successfully!")

Output:

Model loaded successfully!

Use TensorFlow for Customer Training Loops

Python
# Define a custom training loop
optimizer = tf.keras.optimizers.Adam()
loss_fn = tf.keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy()

@tf.function
def train_step(x, y):
    with tf.GradientTape() as tape:
        predictions = model(x, training=True)
        loss = loss_fn(y, predictions)
    gradients = tape.gradient(loss, model.trainable_variables)
    optimizer.apply_gradients(zip(gradients, model.trainable_variables))
    return loss

# Example loop
for epoch in range(3):
    for i in range(100):  # Assuming batch size 100
        loss = train_step(x_train[i:i+100], y_train[i:i+100])
    print(f"Epoch {epoch + 1}, Loss: {loss.numpy()}")

Output:

Epoch 1, Loss: 2.3095782

Epoch 2, Loss: 2.308771

Epoch 3, Loss: 2.3081365

Conclusion

In summary, the "TensorFlow Cheat Sheet" is really indispensable for any kind of developer working with TensorFlow since it offers streamlined ways to engage with the said library in ways that reduce manual work when setting up tasks including defining tensors as well as constructing their neural networks from scratch just to mention common operations. Whether you're a new machine learning user coming in or an experienced practitioner seeking ready reference this cheat sheet makes the development, debugging and deployment of AI models precise and efficient.


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