How do we face the high stakes of AI together as global citizens? And how do we remain grounded in our humanity? 
These questions framed the two-day conversation last week in the Vatican City, during the Seminar on Digital Rerum Novarum: Artificial Intelligence for Peace, Social Justice, and Integral Human Development.
The discussions brought together thinkers from across disciplines and traditions: theologians, technologists, ethicists and economists, all reflecting in different ways on how we can govern AI in service of humanity rather than power. 
We discussed AI sustainability, not only in environmental or economic terms, but as the refusal of unsustainable risks: the unacceptable, irreversible harms that threaten dignity, agency, social cohesion and all those elements that make up our humanity. If AI is to work for people, we must define red lines: clear, enforceable limits on what these systems can and cannot do and what they must never become.
Because we are already seeing the costs of inaction: manipulative and unsafe chatbots, AI‑generated child abuse material, autonomous weapons that remove human control. These are not future hypotheticals, but present realities.
This pivotal moment carries real momentum, but the window of opportunity is closing. Agreeing upon and enforcing global AI red lines will not be easy: geopolitical fragmentation, unpredictable AI behaviors, and weak oversight structures remain major hurdles. Yet through trust‑based coalition‑building and coordinated international dialogue, precedents show that progress is within reach. What matters now is political will, transparency, and the courage to translate principles into verifiable commitments.
We all recognize how arduous the path ahead is, but failing to act would expose us to risks we simply can’t afford.
Grateful to the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences for convening such a thoughtful space and for keeping human dignity at the center of technological progress and a special thank you to Gustavo Beliz for the invitation.
Thankful also to the amazing people I met and had the opportunity to exchange with Paul Nemitz, Carme Artigas, Rebecca Finlay, Jimena Viveros LL.M., Maria Vanina Martinez, Daniel Innerarity Grau, Mary Ellen O'Connell, Mophat Okinyi, Molly Kinder, Ricardo Chavarriaga, Rodrigo Durán Rojas, Luca Belli, Hector Palacios, JORGE VILAS DIAZ COLODRERO, Gregory Reichberg, José Beliz, Macarena Santolaria and many others. I am sure our paths will continue to cross in the future.
Photos: Gabriella C. Marino/PASS