Pulmonary Hypertension Knowledge Sharing Platform ’s Post

Restart Negotiations on Cilta-cel Access for Canadian Patients: Canadian Myeloma Research Group Toronto – The Canadian Myeloma Research Group (CMRG) is urging the pan-Canadian Pharmaceutical Alliance (pCPA) and Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine (JJIM) to return to the negotiating table after talks ended last week without agreeing to cover patient costs for Cilta-cel, a new therapy for patients with multiple myeloma.   “Cilta-cel has shown unprecedented results for patients who have exhausted other treatment options. For Canadians living with multiple myeloma, access to this treatment could mean transformational improvements in survival and quality of life,” says Engin Gul, CMRG CEO.  “We recognize the financial pressures of new medicines in a publicly funded health system, but Cilta-cel is the most effective immunotherapy approved for multiple myeloma, and patients cannot wait. Negotiations must continue so we can find a fair and sustainable path forward.”   The CMRG’s Chief Medical Officer, Dr. Donna Reece says Canada’s entry into the immunotherapy era will bring historic gains for patients with multiple myeloma—but only if timely access is secured.   “Cilta-cel offers the best treatment outcomes. It’s life changing and life extending,” Reece says. “Ultimately though, only the pCPA and JJIM can resolve pricing issues. We strongly urge both parties to return to negotiations and prioritize patient access.”   Multiple myeloma is a type of blood cancer that starts in plasma cells, which normally help fight infections. In myeloma, these cells grow out of control in the bone marrow, crowding out healthy cells. This can cause bone damage, anemia, kidney problems, and make it harder to fight infections.   Reece says treating multiple myeloma is challenging because the disease often comes back after treatment and can become resistant to drugs over time. Patients may need many different therapies, each with side effects that affect quality of life. Access to new, effective treatments is also uneven, creating stress for patients and families.   “While all CAR T-cell therapies, including Cilta-cel, have specific side-effects and require special expertise for delivery, its use is not limited to younger patients like stem cell transplantation,” says Reece. “This feature, along with the high rates of deep and prolonged remission produced by Cilta-cel, will transform the landscape of myeloma. The availability of Cilta-cel will bring our Canadian myeloma patients closer than ever to the real possibility of cure."   The Canadian Myeloma Research Group is the only national organization dedicated exclusively to myeloma research... Read more: https://lnkd.in/eSKY8euH Engin Gul Dr. Donna Reece #cdnpoli #myeloma #multiplemyeloma #Ciltacel #pharma #cancer

Vincristine: A Vital Anticancer Agent and the Importance of Extravassation Management in Pediatric Oncology Author: Amir Aziz, M.Pharm (Pharmacology) Clinical Pharmacist – Department of Pediatric Oncology King george medical university, lucknow Abstract Vincristine, a vinca alkaloid, is a cornerstone in pediatric oncology therapy, renowned for its efficacy against a wide range of childhood malignancies. However, its potent cytotoxic activity comes with significant challenges related to neurotoxicity and extravassation risk. This article highlights the key aspects of Vincristine’s adverse effects. Introduction Vincristine, derived from the periwinkle plant (Catharanthus roseus), plays an essential role in chemotherapy regimens for pediatric cancers such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), Wilms’ tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, and neuroblastoma. Its mechanism involves inhibition of microtubule polymerization, thereby halting cell division and inducing apoptosis in rapidly proliferating cancer cells. Despite its effectiveness, Vincristine’s narrow therapeutic index demands meticulous handling and monitoring due to its potential for neurotoxicity and extravassation injury. Vincristine Extravassation: Recognition and Management :- Immediate Management Steps 1. Stop the infusion immediately — do not remove the needle or flush the line. 2. Remove the needle/catheter gently after aspiration. 3. Mark and document the affected area. 4. Apply warm compresses for 15–20 minutes every 6 hours for 48 hours. 5. Administer Hyaluronidase :- Inject 150 units/mL subcutaneously around the site in small aliquots (0.2 mL each). It promotes drug dispersion and reduces local tissue damage. 6. Observe the site regularly for erythema, blistering, or ulceration. 7. Refer to surgical or plastic specialist if necrosis develops. Prevention:- Use central venous access (PICC or port) whenever possible. Always verify IV patency before administration. Clearly label syringes and bags with “For IV Use Only – Fatal if Given Intrathecally.” Ensure slow IV push with a free-flowing fluid line. Train staff for early recognition of ADR The Clinical Pharmacist’s Role 1. Medication Safety Oversight: Ensure correct preparation, labeling, and administration route. 2. Education: Counsel caregivers and nursing staff on recognizing early signs of neuropathy and extravassation. 3. Interdisciplinary Collaboration: Coordinate with oncologists, nurses, and dietitians for dose adjustments, supportive care. 4. Pharmacovigilance: Record and report all AE Conclusion:- Vincristine continues to be one of the most valuable agents in pediatric oncology. Its success depends not only on its pharmacologic efficacy but also on safe administration and vigilant monitoring. As clinical pharmacists, our proactive involvement in identifying, preventing, and managing side effects—particularly extravassation—significantly enhances both treatment safety and patient quality of life.

✅ CHEMOTHERAPY 1. What is Chemotherapy? Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to destroy or slow the growth of cancer cells. These drugs circulate through the bloodstream and can affect cancer cells throughout the body. 2. Purposes of Chemotherapy • Curative: To eliminate cancer completely • Adjuvant: To prevent recurrence after surgery or radiation • Neoadjuvant: To shrink tumors before surgery or radiation • Palliative: To relieve symptoms and improve comfort • Maintenance: To prevent relapse after initial control 3. Methods of Administration • Intravenous (most common) • Oral (tablets or capsules) • Intramuscular or subcutaneous • Intrathecal (into spinal fluid) • Intraperitoneal or intrapleural • Topical creams 4. Types of Chemotherapy Drugs Alkylating agents: Damage DNA (e.g., cyclophosphamide) Antimetabolites: Block DNA/RNA synthesis (e.g., methotrexate, 5-FU) Antitumor antibiotics: Stop cell replication (e.g., doxorubicin) Vinca alkaloids and taxanes: Affect mitosis (e.g., vincristine, paclitaxel) Platinum-based agents: Crosslink DNA (e.g., cisplatin) Topoisomerase inhibitors: Prevent DNA repair (e.g., etoposide) Hormonal therapies: Block hormone-driven tumors (e.g., tamoxifen) Targeted therapies: Focus on specific cell pathways (e.g., imatinib) 5. Common Side Effects Because chemotherapy affects rapidly dividing cells, both cancerous and normal, side effects are common. Blood and immune system: • Anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia Gastrointestinal system: • Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, mouth sores, loss of appetite Hair and skin: • Hair loss, darkening of skin or nails, dryness Reproductive system: • Infertility, menstrual changes, decreased libido Organ-specific effects: • Heart (doxorubicin), kidneys (cisplatin), lungs (bleomycin), nerves (vincristine), liver (methotrexate) 6. Nursing and Patient Care Before treatment: • Confirm diagnosis, labs, weight, and consent • Educate the patient • Insert IV line or check venous access • Give pre-medications if needed During treatment: • Use PPE and safe handling protocols • Monitor for allergic reactions and vital signs • Watch IV access to prevent leakage After treatment: • Educate on infection prevention • Manage nausea, fatigue, and mouth care • Monitor blood counts, fluid status, and side effects • Provide emotional support 7. When to Seek Immediate Help • Fever above 38°C • Uncontrolled vomiting or diarrhea • Difficulty breathing or chest pain • Unusual bleeding or bruising • Severe fatigue or weakness • Mouth sores preventing eating or drinking 8. Patient Education Tips • Eat small, nutritious meals • Stay hydrated • Get adequate rest • Avoid infections and crowds • Report symptoms early • Use contraception during treatment

Sharing: Indications for Haematopoietic Cell Transplantation and CAR-T: 2025 EBMT Practice Recommendations (PDF attached) Paediatric BMT—Snapshot (EBMT 2025; BMT only) Legend: S = Standard, CO = Clinical Option, D = Developmental, GNR = Generally Not Recommended Leukaemias & MDS • ALL: CR1 low-risk GNR; CR1 high-risk S (MSD/MUD); CR2 S (MSD/MUD), CO (MMAD). • AML: CR1 low-risk GNR; CR1 high/very-high S; CR2 S (all donor types). • CML: TKI-failure/advanced phase → S. • MDS/JMML: S (MSD/MUD), CO (MMAD). Lymphomas • NHL: CR1 low-risk GNR; CR1 high-risk CO; CR2 S (MSD/MUD). • HL: Allo GNR in CR1; selected relapses CO. Bone Marrow Failure & SAA • Inherited BMF (Fanconi, DC, DBA, etc.): S (MSD/MUD), CO (MMAD). • Severe Aplastic Anaemia: Front-line S (MSD/MUD); R/R S with MMAD as CO. Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) & HLH • SCID: S (all donor types). • Non-SCID IEI & Primary HLH: S (MSD/MUD), CO/S (MMAD per scenario). Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM) • Hurler (MPS-IH), Osteopetrosis: S (all donor types). • MLD, X-ALD: S (MSD/MUD), CO (MMAD). • Other MPS subtypes: CO. Haemoglobinopathies • TDT-Thalassaemia (no severe organ damage): S (MSD/MUD); haplo CO. • Sickle Cell Disease (severe phenotype, no severe organ damage): S (MSD); MUD D; haplo CO. Selected Solid Tumours (transplant-relevant) • High-risk Neuroblastoma: Auto-HCT = Standard; Allo = D. • Ewing Sarcoma (high-risk/relapsed): Auto CO; Allo D. I’ve intentionally listed BMT indications only (CAR-T excluded here). Clinical decisions remain donor/context specific and should be aligned with centre pathways and MDT. #Pediatrics #BMT #HSCT #EBMT #ChildhoodCancer #Hematology #Immunology #InheritedDisorders #RareDisease #TransplantMedicine #GlobalHealth #PaediatricOncology #Leukaemia #AplasticAnaemia #IEI #MetabolicDisorders #Thalassaemia #SickleCell

⚡ CAPS Medical’s #PlasmaSure™ Earns FDA Breakthrough Device Designation for Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) 💡🩺 A major milestone in urologic oncology innovation — CAPS Medical, a clinical-stage MedTech company pioneering selective tumor ablation using non-thermal plasma energy, announced that its PlasmaSure™ System has received FDA Breakthrough Device Designation for treating low- to intermediate-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). 🔹 Key Highlights 1️⃣ 🚀 Transforming NMIBC Treatment into an In-Office Procedure The PlasmaSure™ platform delivers non-thermal atmospheric plasma energy through the working channels of standard cystoscopes, allowing highly selective tumor ablation while preserving healthy tissue. Unlike traditional TURBT procedures requiring hospitalization and anesthesia, PlasmaSure™ enables a simple, outpatient treatment — reducing risk, cost, and recovery time for patients. 2️⃣ 📊 Strong Clinical Evidence & Safety Profile In the first-in-human clinical study, ~70 bladder tumors were treated with durable complete response rates and no reported adverse events. Results demonstrated no collateral tissue damage, high patient tolerance, and even procedures performed without general anesthesia — setting a new benchmark for safety and accessibility in tumor ablation. 3️⃣ 💬 Regulatory & Reimbursement Momentum CEO Ilan Uchitel stated: “Receiving Breakthrough Device Designation validates the urgent need for safer, more accessible NMIBC treatments. It also opens the door to priority FDA review, flexible study design, and potential CMS Transitional Coverage, helping us bring PlasmaSure™ to patients faster.” 4️⃣ 🌍 Expanding Beyond the Bladder Building on its NMIBC success, CAPS Medical is developing pre-clinical programs in lung, esophageal, gastric, and prostate cancers — highlighting the broad potential of plasma energy for selective tumor ablation across solid tumors. 💡 My Take 💡 1️⃣ Redefining Tumor Ablation: Non-thermal plasma energy could reshape oncology by merging precision, safety, and simplicity into one office-based procedure. 💡 2️⃣ Accessibility Meets Innovation: A procedure once confined to operating rooms may soon become clinic-based, democratizing cancer care globally. 💡 3️⃣ The Future of Oncology Devices: PlasmaSure™ represents the next evolution in energy-based cancer therapy — less invasive, more selective, and truly patient-centered. 👏 Congratulations to Ilan Uchitel and the @CAPS Medical team for this transformative step toward redefining how we treat solid tumors. #CAPSMedical #PlasmaSure #FDA #BreakthroughDevice #BladderCancer #NMIBC #OncologyInnovation #MedTech #TumorAblation #Urology #HealthcareInnovation #CancerTreatment https://lnkd.in/enyN8s8p

NEW Report Alert! Interventional Oncology Devices – Market Insights – Europe. The European interventional oncology device market is projected to see modest growth through 2034, driven by rising cancer incidence and prevalence rates, updated clinical guidelines, and emerging clinical data supporting ablation and embolization procedures as standard-of-care treatments. Increasing preference for minimally invasive procedures over surgery, improved reimbursement, and physician acceptance will drive adoption. However, growth will be hindered by mixed clinical data, pricing pressures, and regional cost constraints. This Medtech 360 Report provides comprehensive data and analysis on the state of the market for interventional oncology devices in Europe from 2019 to 2034. The ablation device market is dominated by microwave ablation; however, new technologies are increasingly being adopted. What factors are driving growth within the microwave ablation device segment? How will the increasing adoption of cryoablation change the market dynamics in the microwave and RF ablation device segments? Will changing reimbursement guidelines increase the adoption of IRE devices? What has driven or limited their growth in the market? What are the strategies employed by key competitors to position themselves in the ablation device market, and what challenges do they face? Which competitors are leaving certain market segments? Which major clinical trials are being conducted, and how will they impact the interventional oncology device market? Ablation therapy procedures will continue to grow for the liver, kidney, and lung cancer indications. How does resection compete against the ablation techniques? What new studies and guidelines will increase the adoption of ablation therapies over resection? How is RF competing against microwave ablation devices? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each type of ablation device offered by competitors, and how do these differences affect adoption for different indications? How will growth vary across different ablation device categories? DEBs and radioembolization spheres are seeing increasing adoption. What is the adoption outlook for different embolization devices, and what factors will affect the penetration of these technologies over the forecast period? How will the rise in clinical trials influence the adoption of radioembolization spheres in cancer treatment? How will the market growth vary across different embolization device categories? How are radioembolization spheres being adopted by physicians in the European market? Why have holmium-166 radioembolization spheres been discontinued from the market? Access the report here: https://lnkd.in/eBejXDci Clarivate for Life Sciences & Healthcare #Medtech

🚀 New article in #Cell: First anti-BCMA CAR-T cells for progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) and positive results! In progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS), chronic inflammation behind the blood–brain barrier—driven in part by plasma cells and activated microglia—is thought to fuel disability progression even without new relapses. Conventional B-cell therapies (e.g. anti-CD20) struggle to clear long-lived plasma cells or fully penetrate the CNS. What the field needs is a therapy that reaches into the CNS, depletes residual pathogenic plasma cells, and dampens microglial activation. Qin, Dong, and colleagues initiated a first-in-human phase 1 trial (NCT04561557) of an anti-BCMA CAR-T therapy in patients with primary or secondary progressive MS. After lymphodepletion, each patient received a single infusion of autologous anti-BCMA CAR-T cells, and was monitored in blood, bone marrow, and CSF for safety, trafficking, biomarker change, and clinical outcomes. Key results: 1. Most patients experienced only mild, transient cytokine release syndrome (CRS), and no neurotoxic events were reported. The principal serious side effects were temporary drops in immune cell counts, suggesting a favorable safety profile of CAR-T treatment. 2. The CAR-T cells were detected not only in the blood and bone marrow, but also in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Their presence in the CSF was durable and showed signs of functional persistence within the CNS compartment. 3. Following therapy, plasmablasts and plasma cells (in CSF, bone marrow, blood) declined markedly. Biomarkers of intrathecal immunoglobulin production—such as kappa free light chains and oligoclonal bands—became undetectable or significantly reduced. 4. Single-cell analyses of CSF revealed reductions in pro-inflammatory microglia-like cell signatures and decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines. Molecular crosstalk signals between B cell/plasma cell populations and microglia dropped after therapy, suggesting that the suite of B cell–microglia interactions contributing to inflammation was interrupted. 5. All treated patients developed measurable improvements in neurologic function—lower EDSS (disability) scores, improved walking speed, better dexterity on peg tests—and several showed reductions in neurofilament light chain (NfL), a marker of neuroaxonal injury. These gains persisted for months of follow-up without new MRI activity. This pioneering study demonstrates that anti-BCMA CAR-T cells can safely cross into the CNS, eliminate residual plasma cell “factories,” and dampen microglial pathogenic signaling in progressive MS—all while yielding functional improvements. It opens a new path toward treating the non-relapse–driven progression (PIRA) that has long eluded existing MS therapies. Kudos to all the researchers and clinicians contributing to this amazing work! You can read the full article here: https://lnkd.in/dq3YUiTS #MS #Neuroimmunology #CAR_T #BCMA #TranslationalMedicine #Cell

𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐢-𝐁𝐂𝐌𝐀 𝐂𝐀𝐑-𝐓 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐲: 𝐀 𝐍𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐥 𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐌𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐒𝐜𝐥𝐞𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐬 (𝐏𝐌𝐒) Progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS), including primary (PPMS) and secondary (SPMS) forms, remains a major unmet clinical need. Current therapies rarely halt disease progression, which is driven by chronic CNS inflammation, plasmocytes, and microglia activation. 💡 𝐓𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐦𝐨𝐜𝐲𝐭𝐞𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐂𝐀𝐑-𝐓 𝐜𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐬 In a phase 1 clinical trial, five patients with treatment-refractory PMS (1 PPMS, 4 SPMS) received autologous anti-BCMA CAR-T cells after lymphodepleting chemotherapy. Patients had previously received multiple MS therapies, including glucocorticoids, S1P modulators, DHODH inhibitors, and anti-CD20 antibodies. 𝐊𝐞𝐲 𝐂𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬: ✅ 𝐒𝐚𝐟𝐞𝐭𝐲: 4/5 patients experienced grade 1 cytokine release syndrome (CRS), with no grade ≥2 CRS. All grade ≥3 cytopenias occurred within 40 days; no severe anemia or thrombocytopenia was observed. ✅ 𝐅𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐈𝐦𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭: All patients showed improved EDSS scores, faster Nine-Hole Peg Test and Timed 25-Foot Walk performance, and decreased CSF neurofilament light-chain (NfL) levels. ✅ 𝐑𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐲: No new T1 gadolinium-enhancing or T2 lesions; T2 lesion volume decreased in 2 patients. 𝐂𝐀𝐑-𝐓 𝐂𝐞𝐥𝐥 𝐃𝐲𝐧𝐚𝐦𝐢𝐜𝐬: 🔹 Rapid peak expansion around day 10 in blood and bone marrow, with prolonged detection up to 3 months. 🔹 In CSF, CAR-T cells showed delayed but sustained expansion, preferential persistence of CD4+ effector memory cells, and a less exhausted phenotype compared to other compartments. 🔹 Single-cell multi-omics analyses revealed strong clonal expansion, intercompartmental trafficking, and effective killing of target plasmocytes. 𝐌𝐞𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐬: 🔹 Anti-BCMA CAR-T cells depleted pathogenic PB/PCs across blood, CSF, and bone marrow. 🔹 This depletion normalized B cell lineages, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, and attenuated CSF immune dysregulation. 🔹 TSPO-PET imaging confirmed reduced microglial activation, indicating the therapy modulates CNS neuroinflammation. 𝐓𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐚𝐰𝐚𝐲: This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that targeting plasmocytes with anti-BCMA CAR-T cells is safe, induces meaningful clinical improvements, and reverses key mechanisms of CNS immune dysregulation in PMS. It opens a new avenue for treating CNS autoimmune diseases where conventional therapies fail. #CellTherapy #CART #MultipleSclerosis #Neuroinflammation #AutoimmuneDiseases #Immunotherapy #InnovationTherapeutics

NEW Report: Interventional Oncology Devices – Market Insights – Europe The European interventional oncology device market is projected to see modest growth through 2034, driven by rising cancer incidence and prevalence rates, updated clinical guidelines, and emerging clinical data supporting ablation and embolization procedures as standard-of-care treatments. Increasing preference for minimally invasive procedures over surgery, improved reimbursement, and physician acceptance will drive adoption. However, growth will be hindered by mixed clinical data, pricing pressures, and regional cost constraints. This Medtech 360 Report provides comprehensive data and analysis on the state of the market for interventional oncology devices in Europe from 2019 to 2034. The ablation device market is dominated by microwave ablation; however, new technologies are increasingly being adopted. What factors are driving growth within the microwave ablation device segment? How will the increasing adoption of cryoablation change the market dynamics in the microwave and RF ablation device segments? Will changing reimbursement guidelines increase the adoption of IRE devices? What has driven or limited their growth in the market? What are the strategies employed by key competitors to position themselves in the ablation device market, and what challenges do they face? Which competitors are leaving certain market segments? Which major clinical trials are being conducted, and how will they impact the interventional oncology device market? Ablation therapy procedures will continue to grow for the liver, kidney, and lung cancer indications. How does resection compete against the ablation techniques? What new studies and guidelines will increase the adoption of ablation therapies over resection? How is RF competing against microwave ablation devices? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each type of ablation device offered by competitors, and how do these differences affect adoption for different indications? How will growth vary across different ablation device categories? DEBs and radioembolization spheres are seeing increasing adoption. What is the adoption outlook for different embolization devices, and what factors will affect the penetration of these technologies over the forecast period? How will the rise in clinical trials influence the adoption of radioembolization spheres in cancer treatment? How will the market growth vary across different embolization device categories? How are radioembolization spheres being adopted by physicians in the European market? Why have holmium-166 radioembolization spheres been discontinued from the market? Access the report here: https://lnkd.in/eBejXDci #ClarivateMedtech Clarivate for Life Sciences & Healthcare

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) of endosomal origin that range in size between 30 and 150 nanometers. Exosomes are secreted by a wide range of cells, since virtually all living cells utilize exosome-mediated communication. Exosomes carry cell-specific cargos of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that are selectively taken up by recipient cells. Exosome technologies have been developing rapidly in recent years and substantial growth is expected for the market as they get integrated into the fields of liquid biopsy, precision medicine and regenerative medicine. In particular, cancer derived exosomes influence the invasive potential of cells by regulating angiogenesis, metastasis, and immunity, making them an extremely useful source of biomarkers for use in cancer detection, diagnosis, and therapeutic selection. The cargo contained within exosomes can offer prognostic information for range of diseases—including cardiovascular, renal, neurodegenerative, and metabolic diseases—as well as cancer. Researchers investigating exosome biomarkers have discovered, identified, and reported the presence of hundreds of biomolecules within the lumen of exosomes. This discovery has compelled a rapid rise in exosome-related cancer biomarker research, including the use of exosomes for the detection, monitoring, and treatment of a diverse range of oncologic conditions. Importantly, exosomes are present within a diverse range of biofluids, including serum, plasma, urine, seminal fluid, CSF, saliva, tears and breast milk. For this reason, exosome-based diagnostics are minimally invasive, offering ease of use and speed of detection. Exosomes can also act as prognostic indicators and predictors of a patient’s response to a specific course of treatment. Exosomes are also being explored for their use as cell-free therapeutics. For example, if a patient has a disease caused by a missing or defective protein or microRNA, the patient’s exosomes can be isolated, modified with a siRNA or protein, and then injected back into the patient. Today, exosomes are being used across a diverse range of applications, including: 1. Diagnostics: Biomarkers for disease detection 2. Regenerative Medicine: Cell-free therapeutics being leveraged for tissue repair and reversal of disease 3. Drug Delivery: Vehicles for targeted therapeutic delivery 4. Dermatology and Aesthetics: Skin rejuvenation, anti-aging treatments, wound repair, and hair restoration 5. Research Products: Tools for studying cell communication and disease mechanisms 6. Emerging Applications: Exosome vaccines, immunotherapies (leveraging exosomes from activated T cells or NK cells), veterinary medicine, agricultural applications (plant-derived exosomes), and beyond. To learn more about this expanding market with compelling commercial potential, view the "Global Exosome Market – Market Size, Forecast, Trials, and Trends": https://lnkd.in/e_yF42j #exosomes #extracellularvesicles