QA Automation with Selenium: 23 Questions and Answers

Troubleshooting Selenium Installation Error in a QA Project During one of our automation setups, we faced a critical blocker: Selenium WebDriver would not initialize correctly, and the automation suite kept crashing before tests even started. ⚠️ The Problem Error message: java.lang.IllegalStateException: The path to the driver executable must be set by the webdriver.chrome.driver system property Some team members also got: SessionNotCreatedException: This version of ChromeDriver only supports Chrome version XX Tests failed across multiple machines, making it impossible to proceed. 🔍 Root Cause The issue was caused by mismatched versions of ChromeDriver and Google Chrome, combined with missing environment path variables for WebDriver. 🛠 Fixes Applied Downloaded the correct ChromeDriver version matching the installed Chrome browser. Added the driver path to the code: System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\Drivers\\chromedriver.exe"); For cross-platform use, added ChromeDriver to the system PATH variable so it didn’t need hardcoding. Implemented WebDriverManager (by Boni García) in Maven to handle drivers dynamically: WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup(); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); Created a driver compatibility check script that runs before the suite to ensure the right driver-browser combo. ✅ The Outcome Eliminated all driver-related crashes across the QA team. Enabled smooth execution in CI/CD pipelines (Jenkins) without manual driver updates. Saved hours of debugging for new team members — automation now works “out of the box.” 💡 Lesson Learned: In Selenium, installation/setup errors are often version mismatches. Using tools like WebDriverManager makes automation projects far more stable and scalable.

#Capgemini | QA Automation | 4+ Yrs 1. Tell me about yourself (Self-introduction) 2. Explain the Software Bug Life Cycle 3. What are the different types of XPath in Selenium? 4. What are annotations in Selenium and how are they used? 5. What is the difference between get() and navigate() methods in Selenium WebDriver? 6. How do you handle multiple browser windows in Selenium? 7. Explain how to perform mouse actions using Selenium 8. What are Selenium locators? Describe their types and usage 9. How does Selenium handle exceptions? 10. Is it possible to have multiple catch blocks in a single try-catch structure? Explain with an example 11. What keyboard actions are supported by Selenium WebDriver? 12. What are waits in Selenium? Differentiate between implicit and explicit waits 13. How do you handle JavaScript alerts/pop-ups in Selenium? 14. What is the Page Object Model (POM) in Selenium? 15. Differentiate between verify() and assert() methods in testing 16. Can Selenium be integrated with API testing tools? If yes, how? 17. Explain key Git events and commands commonly used in a testing project 18. Why and when do we use cssSelector as a locator strategy? 19. What does the deleteAllCookies() method do in Selenium? 20. What was your specific role and responsibilities in your previous project? 21. What is a Test Plan? What are its key components? 22. Differentiate between driver.quit() and driver.close() in Selenium 23. Why do we use linkText() and partialLinkText() locators in Selenium?

#Capgemini | QA Automation | 4+ Yrs 1. Tell me about yourself (Self-introduction) 2. Explain the Software Bug Life Cycle 3. What are the different types of XPath in Selenium? 4. What are annotations in Selenium and how are they used? 5. What is the difference between get() and navigate() methods in Selenium WebDriver? 6. How do you handle multiple browser windows in Selenium? 7. Explain how to perform mouse actions using Selenium 8. What are Selenium locators? Describe their types and usage 9. How does Selenium handle exceptions? 10. Is it possible to have multiple catch blocks in a single try-catch structure? Explain with an example 11. What keyboard actions are supported by Selenium WebDriver? 12. What are waits in Selenium? Differentiate between implicit and explicit waits 13. How do you handle JavaScript alerts/pop-ups in Selenium? 14. What is the Page Object Model (POM) in Selenium? 15. Differentiate between verify() and assert() methods in testing 16. Can Selenium be integrated with API testing tools? If yes, how? 17. Explain key Git events and commands commonly used in a testing project 18. Why and when do we use cssSelector as a locator strategy? 19. What does the deleteAllCookies() method do in Selenium? 20. What was your specific role and responsibilities in your previous project? 21. What is a Test Plan? What are its key components? 22. Differentiate between driver.quit() and driver.close() in Selenium 23. Why do we use linkText() and partialLinkText() locators in Selenium?

Automation Testing with Selenium & TestNG – OrangeHRM Demo Project I recently automated multiple test scenarios for the OrangeHRM web application using Java, Selenium WebDriver, TestNG. This project demonstrates data-driven testing, where multiple sets of test data are executed automatically using the TestNG @DataProvider feature. 🧪 Test Cases Covered ✅ TC01 – Login Functionality Test: Verify that the user can successfully log in to the OrangeHRM portal using valid credentials (Admin / admin123). ✅ TC02 – Navigation Test: After login, validate that the system correctly navigates to the Admin → Job → Job Titles page. ✅ TC03 – Add Job Titles Test (Data-driven): Using multiple data sets, verify that new job titles can be added successfully with job name, description, and note fields. ✅ TC04 – Browser Launch and URL Validation: Ensure that the browser opens correctly and the OrangeHRM login page is accessible before each test execution. ⚙️ Tools & Technologies Used 1: Java (OOPs concepts) 2: Selenium WebDriver for browser automation 3: TestNG Framework for test management and data-driven testing 4:Maven for project build and dependency management 5: OrangeHRM Demo Site for practical automation practice 6: Eclipse IDE for development and test execution 💡 Key Features 1. Implemented data-driven testing using @DataProvider 2. Structured test flow with @BeforeTest, @BeforeMethod, and @AfterTest 3. Used XPath locators and implicit waits to handle dynamic elements 4. Automated multiple real-world scenarios to mimic professional QA workflows

🚀 TestNG: The Superpower Behind Efficient Automation Testing 🚀 When I first started automation testing, writing and managing tests felt like assembling a giant LEGO set without instructions 🧩 confusing, chaotic, and easy to break. Then I discovered TestNG, and everything changed. Here’s why: 🔹 What is TestNG? A Java-based testing framework that organizes, runs, and reports on your automated tests efficiently. Think of it as a smart organizer for your QA “LEGO pieces.” 🔹 Merits of TestNG: ✅ Run tests in order, by groups, or in parallel ✅ Reuse tests with different data sets (data-driven testing) ✅ Generate clear, detailed reports ✅ Easily integrate with Selenium, Maven, Jenkins 🔹 Demerits: ⚠️ Requires Java knowledge ⚠️ Learning curve for beginners ⚠️ Not a GUI testing tool by itself (needs Selenium) 🔹 Why TestNG Beats Others (like JUnit): More flexible annotations Built-in parallel execution Advanced data-driven testing Better reporting for large projects 🔹 How It Makes Automation Easier: Instead of managing chaos, TestNG helps you structure, organize, and scale your tests. Big test suites become manageable, repeatable, and reliable—saving time and effort. 🔹 Why It’s Important to Learn: Learning TestNG equips you to handle real-world automation challenges, build robust frameworks, and work efficiently in QA teams. Pair it with Java + Selenium, and you have the ultimate automation toolkit. ⚡ 💡 In short: TestNG isn’t just a tool—it’s your guide to turning test chaos into clarity. For any aspiring QA professional, it’s a must-learn framework! Curious to hear real experiences from others learning or implementing it. #TestNG #Selenium #Java #AutomationTesting #QA #SoftwareTesting #LearningJourney #TestAutomation

#PublicisSapient | QA Automation | Interview Qs 1. What is WebDriverManager, and how does it assist in Selenium automation? 2. What are the differences between Implicit Wait, Explicit Wait, and Fluent Wait in Selenium? 3. What is the XPath syntax to select the following siblings? 4. How can reports be generated using Maven in Selenium projects? 5. What is the difference between Scenario Outline and Data Tables in Cucumber? 6. If multiple feature files contain the same set of steps, such as Login and Logout, how can this repetition be avoided in a Cucumber feature file? 7. What is the purpose of Background in Cucumber, and how is it used? 8. How do you schedule jobs in Jenkins for continuous integration and testing? 9. What are the key differences between a List and a Set in Java? 10. What is the difference between an Array and a Linked List in Java? 11. Can you write a Java program to find duplicate characters in a given string? 12. How does the Binary Search algorithm work, and can you explain it with an example? 13. Write a Java program to check if a given string is a palindrome. 14. What do the HTTP status codes 500 and 401 represent? 15. What is the difference between the HTTP methods POST and PUT in terms of API usage? Selenium with Java Testing Online Training New Batch! Click the Link to Register for Free Demo Classes: https://lnkd.in/dWstZPPE Follow Krishna Kumari for more.

#PublicisSapient | QA Automation | Interview Qs 1. What is WebDriverManager, and how does it assist in Selenium automation? 2. What are the differences between Implicit Wait, Explicit Wait, and Fluent Wait in Selenium? 3. What is the XPath syntax to select the following siblings? 4. How can reports be generated using Maven in Selenium projects? 5. What is the difference between Scenario Outline and Data Tables in Cucumber? 6. If multiple feature files contain the same set of steps, such as Login and Logout, how can this repetition be avoided in a Cucumber feature file? 7. What is the purpose of Background in Cucumber, and how is it used? 8. How do you schedule jobs in Jenkins for continuous integration and testing? 9. What are the key differences between a List and a Set in Java? 10. What is the difference between an Array and a Linked List in Java? 11. Can you write a Java program to find duplicate characters in a given string? 12. How does the Binary Search algorithm work, and can you explain it with an example? 13. Write a Java program to check if a given string is a palindrome. 14. What do the HTTP status codes 500 and 401 represent? 15. What is the difference between the HTTP methods POST and PUT in terms of API usage?

Once upon a time, Manager: Let’s train QA team on Selenium Webdriver (Java). We have a dedicated Automation team, but would like other testers to contribute as well. Exploratory QA: Sure. But we are already stretching for functional tests. How to make time for learning & implementing automation as well? Manager: That you will have to manage. We cannot leave exploratory tests. That was an opportunity in disguise, which I regret missing. We were too busy with exploratory tests and thought it also has a bright career around lead & management roles. Couldn’t gauge that industry was fast moving towards automation. Lesson learned – Current competencies are important, but we need to have a long-term vision. It’s important to be aware of the IT industry trends. The industry will change. Choice is yours – upskill now (relatively easy) OR upskill when you get stuck (it’s hard, believe me). What do you think? Any suggestions/insights…

Technology is changing faster than ever — and as a QA professional, I get to test the future before it reaches the world.” In the last few years, tools like Selenium, Java, and TestNG have completely changed how we look at quality assurance. What used to take days in manual testing can now be automated, reliable, and repeatable — saving time while increasing confidence in every release. API automation with Rest Assured has been another game-changer. It bridges the gap between systems, ensures smoother integrations, and helps teams deliver secure, high-performing products faster than ever. For me, QA isn’t just about finding bugs — it’s about building trust in technology. Every test case, every validation is a small step toward a more stable, user-friendly world. The future of testing is intelligent, connected, and fast — and I’m excited to grow with it, learning something new every single day. #SoftwareTesting #QAAutomation #Selenium #RestAssured #Java #TestNG #APITesting #ContinuousLearning

🌟 𝗗𝗮𝘆 𝟯𝟱 𝗼𝗳 𝗺𝘆 𝗦𝗼𝗳𝘁𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗧𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗦𝗸𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗨𝗽 𝗝𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗻𝗲𝘆 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 GeeksforGeeks 🌟 Today’s learning was centered around Exceptions in Selenium WebDriver — understanding how to identify, handle, and prevent unexpected test interruptions caused by errors during automation execution. 💡 𝗞𝗲𝘆 𝗧𝗮𝗸𝗲𝗮𝘄𝗮𝘆𝘀:   • An exception is an event or error that disrupts the normal flow of a program.   • In Selenium, exceptions occur when WebDriver encounters issues like missing elements, invalid selectors, or closed browser sessions.   • Proper exception handling ensures smooth execution, better debugging, and maintainable automation scripts. ⚙️ 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗼𝗻 𝗦𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗻𝗶𝘂𝗺 𝗘𝘅𝗰𝗲𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀: 1️⃣ 𝘕𝘰𝘚𝘶𝘤𝘩𝘌𝘭𝘦𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘌𝘹𝘤𝘦𝘱𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 – Trying to locate a non-existent element. 2️⃣ 𝘌𝘭𝘦𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘕𝘰𝘵𝘐𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘢𝘣𝘭𝘦𝘌𝘹𝘤𝘦𝘱𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 – Attempting to interact with hidden or disabled elements. 3️⃣ 𝘕𝘰𝘈𝘭𝘦𝘳𝘵𝘗𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘌𝘹𝘤𝘦𝘱𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 – Switching to a non-existent alert. 4️⃣ 𝘕𝘰𝘚𝘶𝘤𝘩𝘚𝘦𝘴𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘌𝘹𝘤𝘦𝘱𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 – Using WebDriver after quitting the session. 5️⃣ 𝘐𝘯𝘷𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘥𝘚𝘦𝘭𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘰𝘳𝘌𝘹𝘤𝘦𝘱𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 – Using an invalid locator syntax. 6️⃣ 𝘚𝘵𝘢𝘭𝘦𝘌𝘭𝘦𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘙𝘦𝘧𝘦𝘳𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦𝘌𝘹𝘤𝘦𝘱𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 – When a page refresh invalidates a previously found element. 🧠 𝗕𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗣𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗲𝘀 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗘𝘅𝗰𝗲𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀:   • Use try-catch blocks to manage unexpected failures gracefully.   • Apply Implicit and Explicit Waits to handle dynamic content.   • Implement Retry Logic for flaky tests.   • Follow the Page Object Model (POM) to centralize and simplify error handling. 🚀 𝗪𝗵𝘆 𝗜𝘁’𝘀 𝗜𝗺𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗮𝗻𝘁: Skipping exception handling can cause abrupt test failures, inconsistent results, and poor reporting. Implementing it properly leads to more reliable, stable, and scalable automation frameworks. 🧩 𝗧𝗼𝗼𝗹𝘀 𝗨𝘀𝗲𝗱:   • Selenium WebDriver   • Java   • TestNG   • Maven Learning exception handling helped strengthen my understanding of how to make Selenium scripts more robust and production-ready. Every failure now becomes an opportunity to improve script reliability! 💪 𝗖𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘀𝗲 𝗟𝗶𝗻𝗸: https://lnkd.in/gMiiW3_n #Day35 #AutomationTesting #Selenium #Java #SoftwareTesting #LearningJourney #NationSkillUp #TestAutomation #QualityAssurance #ErrorHandling #skillupwithgfg & #nationskillup