Tobias Block’s Post

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Let the fossils rest in peace

#Hydrogen and #eFuels are about to reach the end of the third phase 'Trough of disillusionment' of the Gartner hype cycle. After a massive 'Peak of inflated expectations (second phase)' in 2020-2023, in which most countries have presented ambitious hydrogen strategies, we are back on a more realistic pathway. Just to remind everyone: in the RePowerEU strategy the European Commission wanted to go to twice 10 million tons of green hydrogen in 2030 (approx. 667 TWh). As a results hundreds of projects got announced. However, this development wasn't supported by mandatory regulations. The only regulations, which member states could agree on and where clear targets for the European transport sector are set, are ReFuelEU Aviation, FuelEUMartime and Renewable Energy Directive (RED). In a paper from 2023, we have shown that these targets will lead to a final demand of only 10-12 TWh in 2030 (https://lnkd.in/d-pZ6Z6E). As a consequence, many projects have been cancelled or are on hold. Fortunately, member states are implementing REDIII more ambitiously than they have to. We now have final legislations, ongoing consultations, drafts and leaks from 13 member states (Bulgaria 🇧🇬 is still missing in the graph). Finland 🇫🇮 goes to 4% RFNBOs (hydrogen based fuels) in 2030, Ireland 🇮🇪 2.5%, Spain 🇪🇸 2 % and France 🇫🇷 and Germany 🇩🇪 1.5 %. If we compare this to the forecasted fuel consumption of the EU Fit-for-55 scenarios, 𝘄𝗲 𝗮𝗹𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗱𝘆 𝗵𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝗮 𝗱𝗲𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗼𝗳 𝗺𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝗻 30 𝗧𝗪𝗵 𝗼𝗿 3 𝗯𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝗱𝗶𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗹-𝗲𝗾𝘂𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗶𝗻 2030. Germany requires already 60 million liter next year and wants to go to 12% in 2040. Continuously, we see more and more FIDs ('final investment decisions') in the refinery sector, which is one of the first use cases. Last week, Air Liquide announced FID to provide green hydrogen to TotalEnergies in Netherlands and Belgium (https://lnkd.in/dn3B6eVA). Later, repsol announced FIDs on three hydrogen projects in the next 10 months (https://lnkd.in/dxcw82uj). We already have investments by Shell in Rhineland and bp in Lingen. I'm confident that more projects will reach FID in the upcoming months and we are entering the fourth phase 'Slope of enlightenment'. However, we could do much more and restrictive production rules are challenging the market uptake. Member states and the European Commission could do more to speed up the process. (https://lnkd.in/dESbAfTR).

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Tobias Block

Let the fossils rest in peace

2mo

I carved out the industry demand for specific reasons. Although we have mandatory targets for hydrogen consuming industry in the RED of 42.5% in 2030 and an established emission trading system (ETS), we see low ambition by member states to implement RED-I targets. Only Netherlands has presented a draft for RED-I. Most members states want to achieve the targets via subsidies for green steel or fertiliser. I'm not convinced here. Lately, we have seen that many projects are on hold e.g. the green transition of the ArcelorMittal plant in Bremen: https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/arcelormittal-steigt-in-deutschland-aus-der-geplanten-stahlproduktion-mit-wasserstoff-aus-118.html

Michael Sura

ARUSCON - Strategies, analysis, and consulting in the fields of energy, transport, electric vehicles, batteries, and hydrogen.

2mo

Let's calculate how much electricity would be needed in Germany when all these cars are powered by e-fuels. 390 TWh/0.44= 886 TWh Germany would need at least 886 TWh of green electricity to produce e-fuels that cover the annual consumption of all cars in Germany. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/michael-sura-9a47511bb_efuels-powertox-tesla-activity-7178065119485014016-9Sc2?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop&rcm=ACoAADMwpUwBYTepb0SA_1gB6xWaGabGpjOZYSI

Jean-Marie TAUPIN

IC Design, Architecture and Verification.

2mo

Thank you, very clear paper. Failing ramping-up hydrogen and e-fuels, for the various reasons you explained may have us pouring bio-fuels, indonesian palm-oil, fake used cooking oil etc..., with serious deforestation side effects, into our planes and ships.

Patrick Debal

Project Manager Lead at Flanders Make - A mind of my own, so mostly expressing my point of view.

2mo

I see the next peak of inflated expectations. E-fuels will never work for land transport as they require 10x the amount of renewable energy. Add the cost of all production equipment and the result is a cost per km that no one is willing to pay

Thomas Mühl

H2-economy I Scaling-up electrolyzer production

2mo

Thanks for sharing Tobias Block. I disagree on at least 2 main points: 1) Hydrogen and eFuels are on different implementation pathways. 2) eFuels have not reached the trough of disillusionment yet, because there are still special interest groups and lobbyists out there promoting their widespread use. You know you have reached the trough when they become silent.

Javier Salgado González

Senior Green Hydrogen Manager at Renewco Power

2mo

Totally agree Tobias. We are currently in the consolidation phase, and the recent FIDs, as well as those expected in the coming months, will give confidence and support for the ramp-up of the market.

Dr. M Abdul Qyyum

Assistant Professor (Chemical Engineering) |Green Hydrogen| Decarbonization| CCUS | Net-Zero Emissions| AI-assisted Sustainability| Hydrogen Infrastructure|

2mo

Excellent breakdown, Tobias Block. However, the persistent gap between policy ambitions and enforceable mandates is slowing real market traction. Without stricter offtake obligations and harmonized RFNBO certification, many projects will remain stuck in the FID waiting room. The EU must shift from announcing targets to enforcing actionable frameworks that truly accelerate hydrogen and eFuel adoption across sectors. At the same time, energy justice must be at the heart of these strategies. Hydrogen and eFuels should not remain limited to resource-rich countries. They must become accessible pathways for decarbonization in emerging economies as well.

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Ruud Hopmans

Financial strategist Developer Hydrogen production technique

2mo

My initial calculations were to calculate the cost of green hydrogen to be competitive with fossil fuels and acceptable to industry. The result was €1.50-2.00 per kilogram of H2 produced. I then analyzed the current electrolysis method and concluded that it would never be below €2.00 per kilogram. Things had to change. I then developed a water splitting method without electrolysis and using only 2 kWh of renewable energy per kilogram of H2. A 20-foot container system that could be placed next to factories and required minimal transport. The all-in production price was lower than €1.50 per kilogram of H2, and fuel cells converted it into electricity at 5 cents per kWh. It turned out to be an improved water splitting method with a crucial innovative addition. Unfortunately, the 'scientists' at the ministry Netherlands and in Brussels didn't believe it was feasible and didn't provide subsidies to test this hydrogen production method. How much further could we have gone without wasting billions on things like the EC's Hydrogen Bank? Delivery price is essential for making H2 successful and accelerating sustainability. In my opinion, this can happen very quickly in the broadest sense. And done before 2030.

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Xiaoyan Zheng

Account Manager at Shenzhen New Lung LTD

2mo

La transición del hidrógeno hacia la “Slope of enlightenment” demuestra que, con regulaciones claras y compromisos firmes de los Estados miembros, el mercado puede evolucionar de expectativas infladas a una implementación real y sostenible.

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