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NC, CNC, DNC, Adaptive Control

This document discusses developments in numerical control (NC), computer numerical control (CNC), direct numerical control (DNC), and adaptive control. It notes that as computers evolved from vacuum tubes to transistors to integrated circuits, NC technology advanced from standalone machines controlled by punch tapes to CNC systems where a single computer controls one machine tool. Direct numerical control systems then emerged using a central computer to control multiple machine tools. Adaptive control systems were also developed to optimize machining processes using sensors and microprocessor technology.

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3K views

NC, CNC, DNC, Adaptive Control

This document discusses developments in numerical control (NC), computer numerical control (CNC), direct numerical control (DNC), and adaptive control. It notes that as computers evolved from vacuum tubes to transistors to integrated circuits, NC technology advanced from standalone machines controlled by punch tapes to CNC systems where a single computer controls one machine tool. Direct numerical control systems then emerged using a central computer to control multiple machine tools. Adaptive control systems were also developed to optimize machining processes using sensors and microprocessor technology.

Uploaded by

Amirul Hacker Atom
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NC, CNC, DNC, Adaptive control

Perkembangan NC sesuai perkembangan komputer


Saat ditemukan NC, komputer menggunakan vacum tube Vacum tubetransistorICVLSI (cip-slot) Computer masih mahal, jadi dipakai komputer yang besar mengontrol beberapa mesin disebut DNC, jadi penggunaan puch-card bisa ditinggalkan 1968. 1970 CNC komersiil telah dijual secara massal. Ukuran komputer semakin kecil, ukuran mesin semakin kecil dng kecepatan tinggi dan harga murah.

Computer control in NC
The evolution of numerical control technology has been closely related to and dependent on the development of computer technology As a practical matter, it would not be possible to carry out the part programming function for many part design without computer-assisted part programming. NC-related control topics:
1 Computer Numerical Control (CNC) 2 Direct Numerical Control (DNC) 3 Adaptive control.

Computer NC involves the replacement of the conventional hardwired NC controller unit by small computer (minicomputer or microcomputer) One of the distinguishing features of CNC is that one computer is used to control one machine tool. Direct numerical control involves the use of a larger computer to control a number of separate NC machine tools. Adaptive control, does not require a digital computer for implementation, denotes a control system that measures one or more process variables (such as cutting force, temperature, horse-power, etc) and manipulates feed and/or speed in order to compensate for undesirable changes in the process variables. Its objective is to optimize the machining process, something that NC alone is unable to accomplish. Many of the initial adaptive control projects relied on analog controls rather than digital computers. Today, these systems employ microprocessor technology to implement the adaptive control strategy. Problem related to the use of conventional numerical control which have influenced the changeover to computer control.

Problems with conventional NC


1. part programming mistakes 2. nonoptimal speeds and feeds. 3. punched tape 4. Tape reader 5. controller 6 Management Much of this improvement has been provided by advances in electronics.

Konfigurasi mesin CNC


Tape reader for initial program entry Mini computer or Micro computer (software functions and NC part program storage) Computer hardware interface and servosystem

Fungsi-fungsi CNC
1. Machine tool control
1. Hybrid CNC 2. Straight CNC

2. In-process compensation 3. Improve programming and operating features. 4. diagnostics

Hybrid CNC
Motion feedback

Tape reader

Minicomputer or microcomputer (soft wired)

Motion interpolators and servosystem (soft-wired)

Interface logic (hard wired)

Straight CNC
Motion feedback

Tape reader

Mini computer or Micro computer (soft-wired)

Servos and interface logic (hardwired)

In Process Compensation
Adjustments for errors sense by in-process inspection probes and gauges Recomputation of axis positions when an inspection probe is used to locate a datum reference on a workpart Offset adjustments for tool radius and length Adaptive control adjustments to speed and/or feed. Computation of predicted tool life and selection of alternative tooling when indicated

Improved Programming and Operating Features


Editing of part programs at the machine. This permits correction or optimization of the program. Graphic display of the tool path to verify the tape Various types of interpolation: circular, parabolic, and cubic interpolation Support of both U.S. customary units and metric units (International system) Use of specially written subroutines Manual data input (MDI) Local storage of more than one part program.

Advantages of CNC compare to NC


1. The part program tape and tape reader are used only once to enter the program into computer memory. --- improve reliability. 2. Tape editing at the machine site 3. Metric conversion 4. Greater flexibility 5. User-written programs 6. Total manufacturing system

Direct Numerical Control


Direct numerical control can be defined as a manufacturing system in which a number of machines are controlled by a computer through direct connection and in real time. Component a DNC system:
1. 2. 3. 4. Central computer Bulk Memory, which stores the NC part programs Telecommunication lines Machine tools

General configuration of DNC system


Central computer Bulk memory NC programs

Telecommunication lines

Machine tools

DNC with satellite minicomputer


Central computer Bulk memory NC programs

Satellite minicomputer

memory buffer

memory Satellite minicomputer buffer

Satellite minicomputer

memory buffer

Satellite minicomputer

memory buffer

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