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Lecture04 FourierSeries

This document discusses Fourier representation of continuous time signals. Any periodic signal can be represented as a sum of complex exponentials. The exponential terms are orthogonal to each other and have unity energy. Representing a signal as its Fourier components is called Fourier analysis. The weights of the exponentials are calculated using integrals. When the period approaches infinity and frequency approaches zero, the representation becomes the Fourier transform, which extends the representation to aperiodic signals. The document also defines important functions for signal analysis like the Dirac delta function and unit step function.

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Vishal Gaur
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25 views7 pages

Lecture04 FourierSeries

This document discusses Fourier representation of continuous time signals. Any periodic signal can be represented as a sum of complex exponentials. The exponential terms are orthogonal to each other and have unity energy. Representing a signal as its Fourier components is called Fourier analysis. The weights of the exponentials are calculated using integrals. When the period approaches infinity and frequency approaches zero, the representation becomes the Fourier transform, which extends the representation to aperiodic signals. The document also defines important functions for signal analysis like the Dirac delta function and unit step function.

Uploaded by

Vishal Gaur
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fourier Representation of continuous time signals

Any periodic signal f (t) can be represented with a set of complex exponentials as shown below.

f (t) = F0 + F1 ej0 t + F2 ej20 t + + Fn ejnn t +

(1)

+ F1 ej0 t + F2 ej20 t + Fn ejnn t + (2) The exponential terms are orthogonal to each other because

(ejnt )(ejmt ) dt = 0, m = n

&

The energy of these signals is unity since

'

$ (ejnt )(ejmt ) dt = 1, m = n

Representing a signal in terms of its exponential Fourier series components is called Fourier Analysis. The weights of the exponentials are calculated as

t0 +T

f (t).(ejn0 t ) dt Fn =
t0 t0 +T

(ejn0 t).(ejn0 t) dt
t0

1 = T &

t0 +T

f (t).(ejn0 t ) dt
t0

'

Extending this representation to aperiodic signals: When T and 0 0, the sum becomes an integral and 0 becomes continuous. The resulting represention is termed as the Fourier Transform (F ()) and is given by
+

F () =

f (t)ejt dta

The signal f (t) can recovered from F () as


+

f (t) =

a Analysis

F ()ejt d b

&

equation b Synthesis equation

'

Some Important Functions


Delta function is a very important signal in signal analysis. It is dened as

(t) dt = 1

&

'

(t)

1/2 Area under the curve is always 1

Figure 1: The Dirac delta function The Dirac delta function is also called the Impulse function. This function can be represented as the limiting function of a number of sampling functions: 1. Gaussian Pulse &
2 1 t2 (t) = lim e T T 0 T

' 2. Triangular Pulse (t) = 1 |t| 1 , |t| T T 0 T T = 0, |t| > T lim (3) (4)

3. Exponential Pulse 1 |t| e T (t) = lim T 0 2T 4. Sampling Function


k Sa(kt)dt = 1 k Sa(kt) k

(t) = lim &

'

5. Sampling Square function k 2 (t) = lim Sa (kt) k

The unit step function is another important function signal processing. It is dened by

u(t) = 1, t > 0 1 = , t=0 2 = 0, t < 0

The Fourier transform of the unit step can be found only in the limit. Some common Fourier transforms will be discussed. &

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