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Fluid Mechanics: DR Farid Khan

This document discusses different types of manometers used to measure fluid pressure. It begins by defining a manometer as a device that uses measuring liquids of high density to determine pressure in reservoirs. It then describes three main types of manometers: simple manometers that use a U-shaped tube to measure gauge pressure; differential manometers that measure the difference in pressure between two points; and inverted differential manometers used when pressure differences are small. Equations for calculating pressure from liquid heights in each manometer type are provided.

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Shadmƛn Rƛzzƛq
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58 views15 pages

Fluid Mechanics: DR Farid Khan

This document discusses different types of manometers used to measure fluid pressure. It begins by defining a manometer as a device that uses measuring liquids of high density to determine pressure in reservoirs. It then describes three main types of manometers: simple manometers that use a U-shaped tube to measure gauge pressure; differential manometers that measure the difference in pressure between two points; and inverted differential manometers used when pressure differences are small. Equations for calculating pressure from liquid heights in each manometer type are provided.

Uploaded by

Shadmƛn Rƛzzƛq
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fluid Mechanics

Dr Farid Khan
1

Manometer
Used to measure pressure of fluids (liquids or gases) in a reservoirs (tanks, pipes, pressure vessels) Measuring liquid (manometer liquid) is used Liquids with high density or specific weights are used as measuring liquid e.g. -Water, mercury, oil, salt solutions, alcohols, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulphide

Simple Manometer
U-Shaped manometer Gives gauge pressure readings Can be used for positive as well as negative pressures
PA Ah1 mh2 PA mh2 Ah1

PA w Smh2 S Ah1

hA

PA

Sm h2 S Ah1
3

Simple Manometer
hA

PA

Sm h2 S Ah1

In terms of head of water

PA mh2 Ah1

PA

m hA h2 h1 A

In terms of head of liquid in pipe

Simple Manometer
A
PA

m hA h2 h1 A

In terms of head of liquid in pipe

PA

Sm hA h2 h1 SA

Simple Manometer
h1 10 cm h 2 8 cm

Hg 132.83 kN/m3
PB Water h2 h1

Hg
6

Simple Manometer
h1 10 cm h 2 8 cm

Hg 132.83 kN/m3
PB Water h2 h1

PA wh2 Hg h1 0 PA wh2 Hg h1

Hg
7

Simple Manometer
h1 = 20 cm h2 = 10 cm Hg = 132.83 kN/m3

P wh1 Hg h2 0 B

P wh1 Hg h2 B
hB

PB

Hg h1 h2 w
PB Water

h2

h1 S Hg h2
hB = ------ m of water

h1

Hg
8

Differential Manometer
Used to measure difference in pressure at two points
B Sp. Gr. S3

h3
A Sp. A S1 Gr.

h2

h1

Sp. Gr. S2 (a) (b)


9

Differential Manometer
PA Ah2 2h1 B h3 P 0 B
PA P 2h1 B h3 Ah2 B
h3
A Sp. A S1 Gr. B Sp. Gr. S3

PA P B

S2 h1 S B h3 S Ah2

h2

h1

hA hB S2h1 SB h3 S Ah2
(m of water)
Sp. Gr. S2
10

Differential Manometer
PA Ah2 2h1 B h3 P 0 B
PA P Ah2 2h1 B h3 B

PA P B

S Ah2 S2h1 S B h3
h1

h3
B Sp. Gr. S3

A Sp. Gr. S1

h2

hA hB S Ah2 S2h1 SB h3

Sp. Gr. S2
11

Differential Manometer
Problem: When pressure difference b/w two point is less then it is difficult to measure pressure difference accurately Solution?
A Sp. A S1 Gr.
B Sp. Gr. S3

h3

h1 h2

Sp. Gr. S2
12

Inverted Differential Manometer


Sp. Gr. S2 B Sp. Gr. S3

h3
A Sp. A S1 Gr.

h2 h1

h1 h2
B Sp. Gr. S3 Sp. Gr. S2

A Sp. Gr. S1

h3

13

Inverted Differential Manometer


When pressure difference b/w two point is less then inverted differential manometer measure pressure difference accurately Specific gravity of measuring fluid must be less than that of liquids in pipes
Sp. Gr. S2

h2 h1
A Sp. Gr. S1

h3
B Sp. Gr. S3
14

Inverted Differential Manometer


PA Ah1 2h2 B h3 P 0 B
PA P Ah1 2h2 B h3 B
Sp. Gr. S2

PA P B

S Ah1 S2 h2 S B h3

h2

h1
A Sp. Gr. S1

hA hB S Ah1 S2h2 SB h3
B Sp. Gr. S3

h3

15

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