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Structured Query Language (SQL)

Structured Query Language (SQL) is used to manipulate and retrieve data from relational databases. SQL statements fall into several categories including data definition language (DDL) for defining database schema, data manipulation language (DML) for inserting, updating and deleting data, and data retrieval statements using SELECT to query the database. The SELECT statement is used to retrieve data from one or more tables, and uses clauses like FROM to specify tables, WHERE for filtering, and ORDER BY to sort the results.

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18 views11 pages

Structured Query Language (SQL)

Structured Query Language (SQL) is used to manipulate and retrieve data from relational databases. SQL statements fall into several categories including data definition language (DDL) for defining database schema, data manipulation language (DML) for inserting, updating and deleting data, and data retrieval statements using SELECT to query the database. The SELECT statement is used to retrieve data from one or more tables, and uses clauses like FROM to specify tables, WHERE for filtering, and ORDER BY to sort the results.

Uploaded by

Neha Anand
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Structured Query Language (SQL)

Structured Query Language (SQL)


Data Definition Language (DDL) Data Manipulation Language (DML) Data Retrieval (Query)

Types of SQL Statement


SELECT Date Retrieval INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE DML CREATE/ALTER/DROP DDL COMMIT/ROLLBACK Transaction Control GRANT/REVOKE Control

SQL Statements SELECT FROM WHERE ORDER BY Example <SELECT LIST> <TABLE LIST> <CONDITIONS FOR RETREIVAL> <SORT CRITERIA>

SELECT FROM WHERE ORDER BY


EMPNO
8756 5349

empno, ename, job, sal emp sal>2500 job, ename


ENAME
KING EDWARD

JOB
PRESIDENT MANAGER

SAL
8000 4500

SIMPLE SELECT STATEMENTS SELECT EMPNO,ENAME, JOB FROM EMP; SELECT * FROM EMP; SELECT DISTINCT DEPTNO FROM EMP; SELECT EMPNO, SAL*12 FROM EMP; SELECT EMPNO, SAL*12 + COMM FROM EMP; SELECT EMPNO, SAL*12 ANSAL FROM EMP;

WHERE CLAUSE
SELECT EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, DEPTNO FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO = 10; SELECT EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, SAL FROM EMP WHERE SAL >1400; SELECT EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, SAL FROM EMP WHERE SAL BETWEEN 1400 AND 2500;

WHERE CLAUSE
SELECT EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, DEPTNO FROM EMP WHERE JOB = PRESIDENT; SELECT EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, SAL FROM EMP WHERE JOB LIKE MAN*; SELECT EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, SAL FROM EMP WHERE JOB LIKE ?????;

WHERE CLAUSE
SELECT EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, DEPTNO FROM EMP WHERE JOB = MANAGER OR JOB = PRESIDENT; SELECT EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, SAL FROM EMP WHERE COMM IS NULL;

SORTING
SELECT EMPNO, JOB, SAL FROM EMP ORDER BY ENAME; SELECT ENAME, JOB, SAL FROM EMP ORDER BY DEPTNO,ENAME; COUNTING

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM EMP; SELECT COUNT (EMPNO) FROM EMP;

JOIN
SELECT ENAME, DNAME FROM EMP, DEPT WHERE EMP.DEPTNO = DEPT.DEPTNO; SUBQUERY

SELECT ENAME, JOB, SAL, COMM FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO = (SELECT DEPTNO FROM DEPT WHERE LOC=CHICAGO);

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