R a d i a t i o n

C h e m i c a l

Y i e l d s :

V a l u e s

M . C. Senake Perera
Magnetic Resonance Facility, School of Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QId 4111, Australia
D a v i d J. T. H i l l
Department of Chemistry, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QId 4072, Australia

A. Introduction
B. Tables of G values
Table 1. Homopolymers
1.1. Polydienes
1.2. Polyolefins
1.3. Polyacrylates
1.4. Poly(methacrylates)
1.5. Poly(styrenes)
1.6. Poly(vinyls)
1.6.1. Acrylamides and Nitriles
1.6.2. Vinyl Monomers
1.7. Miscellaneous Polymers
1.7.1. Cellulose and
Derivatives
1.7.2. Poly(siloxanes)
1.7.3. Poly(amino acids)
1.7.4. Polyesters
1.7.5. Polysulfones
1.7.6. Polyketones
1.7.7. Fluoropolymers
1.7.8. Others
Table 2. Copolymers
2.1. Copolymers with Ethylene
2.2. Copolymers with Methyl
Methacrylate
2.3. Copolymers with Styrene
2.4. Copolymers with Sulfur
Dioxide
2.5. Other copolymers
Table 3. Polymers Blends
Table 4. Composites
C. References

11-481
11-481
M-482
M-482
II-482
II-483
II-484
II-485
II-486
II-486
M-486
II-487
II-487
II-487
II-487
II-488
II-488
II-488
II-488
II-489
II-490
II-490
II-490
11-491
11-491
II-492
II-493
II-493
II-493

A.

INTRODUCTION

The G values quoted in the following tables are defined as

the radiation chemical yields of individual atomic or
molecular events for 100 eV of energy absorbed by the
system. G(R) represents the yield of free radicals, G(X) the
yield of crosslinks, G(S) the yield of main chain scission,
and G(products) the yield of product molecules per 10OeV
of absorbed radiation.
This table has been compiled from the polymer literature
that has been published since the third edition of the
"Polymer Handbook" (i.e. 1986-1997). In many cases,
the tabulated data are only representative of the total data
in the paper, and the original publication should be
consulted.
B. TABLES OF G VALUES
Notes to the Tables
General: Unless otherwise stated, the conditions applying
are y-rays, vacuum, room temperature (ambient).
Symbols/Abbreviations
+

vac
RT
e

cation radical
anion radical
vacuum
room temperature
electron beam

d.b.
t-v
Y
X
n

double bond
trans-vinylene
crosslinks
crosslinks
neutron

TABLE 1. HOMOPOLYMERS
Polymer
1.1.

G(R)

G(X)

G(S)

G(products)

Radiation
conditions

38.7 (d.b.)

e, 263 K

Refs.

POLYDIENES

Polybutadiene
610 (1,2)
0.0054

2.1
Various

Polyisoprene

0.009
0.5-0.8
Various

NR latex
Polychloroprene

77 K
9.3
105
3.36/9.4
5.3

112 (Vinyl)
Various
0.34/0.19
90

Various

Various

41
7.2

Poly(2-phenyl butadiene)

1.2.

Comments

3.0

1.6-2.1
Various
Various
3.9

e
77K/RT
Air, 295 K

Excitation
scavenger
1, 2-PBD
Radical pairs,
isotactic
Syndiotactic
cis 1,4

64
138
74
97
84
98
104

Effect of
pressure
Various
Review
186
G(Cy) > G(X)
261
G(X) depend
on MW
G (initiation),
262
G(X) increases
G(Cy), G(db)
decreases with
Crosslinker
Vac, 303 K
180
Vac/303 K, ethyl178
ene dichloride
77 K
Radical pairs
74
Var cis content
15

94-168
(d.b.), CH 4 , H 2
Various

Various

2.8 (-Cl)

Vac/77, 303 K

186
248
179

RT, vac

235
226

Review
+acrylate

POLYOLEFINS

Squalene
Poly(butene-l)

1.0

Poly(ethylene)

1.09-1.39
0.63

3.2

4
4.1

4
1.4
15-30
0.25
1.50-2.40

3.0 (H 2 )
13.9
(-isotactic
pentad)
7 (COOH)
9.1 (O 2 )
- 2 (MO

e, air
Vac/O2
300K

0.48
8-15

Carries

Air, 300/450K

Pressure effects

1.08-1.69

Various

303-373 K
He, 77K
O 2 , CCl 4

e pre-irradiated

2.8, 5.8 (C 2 D 4 )
2.4

Fibers,

89
101
107
172
116
169
30
63
52
147
151

G(S)ZG(X) = 1

1.1-2.8

0.05-2.7
Various gases

1.1
1.5

<0.05
0.48

2.6/0.56 (alkyl)
0.74 G (H)
0.27 G (Y)
1.0

Air

e, N 2
Various
compounds
e, N 2
Gamma/n

Gamma/alpha,
77 K
Vac, molten
state
0.2

3.9(H 2 )
3.5 (damage)

155
70
87
174
163
183

Crystalline
region units

228
270

TABLE 1. cont'd
Polymer
-,LDPE

G(R)

G(X)

G(S)

G(products)

2.5(alkyl)
12.4-15.4 (O 2 )
4.45 (butanes)
Various
-1.9(MO

Radiation
conditions
77 K
O2
air
303 K
298-423 K

Comments

Refs.

G(S)/G(X) = 1.6
+I2
+CH 3 SH
antioxidants

Alkanes
77 K

129
164

Various

Air

231
105
184

0.16 (butanes)

Air
77 K
77 K
303 K

3.0 (total)
2.8 (alkyl)
Various G(M)
-,LLDPE

2.4

-, HDPE

0.4

1.3
2.9-3.6
2.3-4.5(alkyl)
0.3*
0.21

-,HDLPE

5.5

0.3,0.43

Alkanes
Y, C = C, (M)

3.7
0.76 (bulk)

- 9 . 6 (f-v)

88
92
177
10
28
32
125
45

Morphology

Monolayer
crystals
303 K
Air, 77K/RT

1.6*
0.76

Wanning,
morphology
*G(X/unsat.)
77 K

2.4 (trans)
0.7 (cis)
4-5 (gas)
4.0
2.5
3.8-11.1
Various
2.1

Poly(4-methylpentene-l)
polypropylene

Butene-1,
hexene-1

Allylic

- , Chlorosulfonated
polyisobutylene

Various
3.6

Various
Various
0.3,0.6*

4.8, 2.7(dPP)
3.1/0.64
9.4

e
77 K
Various
temperatures
Various
Vac/77, 303 K
N2/air
He, e, 77 K
Air/vac
O 2 + CCl 4

2.9 (H 2 )
2.19*

/-Polypropylene

177
96
117
10
27
71

+CCl 4

47
134
75
79
240

119
131
133
78,90,100
186
*G(S)/G(X)
Also 373-623 K
Also O 2
Decreases with
dose
*G(S)-G(X)

43
52
129
147
158
159

Various
Various
94 (-/-pentad)
Various (pentad
sequences)
220 (-/-pentad)

Air
Air
Gamma

118
40
244

245

Various gases

Vac/air

Various

293-308 K
Vac
77, 300K

Various

Gamma, aq.

H 2 , CO, CO 2 ,
CH 4 etc.

195-423

170
2
4
185
189
190
233
59
126

1.3. POLYACRYLATES
Poly(acrylic acid)
3.6
3.49

Poly(acrylic anhydride)
Poly(methyl acrylate)

0.0

0.44

0.47

0.62
1.1*

*G(S)- S(X)

References page II - 493

TABLE 1. cont'd
Polymer
Poly (methyl bromoacrylate)
Poly(methyl a-chloroacrylate)

G(R)

G(X)

G(products)

6.98
5.1

Radiation
conditions

Comments

77 K
0.3-0.9
0.8

Poly(methyl a-cyanoacrylate)
Poly(methyl oc-fluoroacrylate)

G(S)

1.6
1.0

3.2-7.4
6.0
6.7*

Dose dependent
*G(S)-G(X)
77 K
77 K

0.05

Refs.
139
133
24
62
17
133
65

1.4. POLY (METHACRYLATES)

Poly(benzyl methacrylate)
0
Poly(f-butyl methacrylate)
Poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate)
Poly(glycidyl methacrylate)
Poly(hexafluoroisopropyl methacrylate)
Poly(hexyl methacrylate)
Poly(isobutyl methacrylate)

0.29*
0
0.14
1.28*
0.44*
2.4*

e
300K

*G(S)-G(X)
Syndiotactic

e
e

*G(S)-G(X)
*G(S)-G(X)
* G(S)-G(X)

Various

9.2

0.1
0.5

Poly(2-methyl heptyl methacrylate)

Poly(methacrylic acid)

2.6
0.38*
1.1*
0.8
0.3
3.4
Various

0.2

0.6/2.9
4.8
6.0

0.04

Poly(methacrylic anhydride)
Poly(methyl methacrylate)
1.1-1.5( + )
0.7-0.9(-)

7K
e
e
300K
300K
N2
Gamma/e
77/273 K
77 K

Various

77, 303 K

Various

Gamma/e

1.8-2.9
1.9 (DMF)
1.3 (THF)
1.5

SoIn.
77 K

0.5, 1.5( + )

77 K

2.8-4.1

303, 343 K
1.3
1.31
1.9

Aromatic
additives
Aromatic
additives
Absorbed on
zeolite

77 K

1.63, 1.09
1.4
1.5/0.33
1.2

Gamma/X
Various

0.71-1.63
1.9/4.1
1.04/1.11
1.9,4.4
1.5
Various
15.8 (units)
0.34 (H2)
18.6
0.22,0.46,1.08 Various

Si wafers

e/gamma,
303-383K
Gamma/n,
vac/air
77/273 K
Vac/air, 273 K
77 K

Bulk, alcohol

Air

*G(S)-G(X)
4- ethane diol
Isotactic

1.5*

Vac, 363 K
Deep UV, e,
X-ray

73
57
51
53
65
50
131
132
135

e
77 K
Gamma/n,
vac/air 206 K

0.58
1.42

*G(S)-G(X)
*G(S)-G(X)
Syndiotactic
Syndiotactic
Aq. solution

22
192
238
22
22
120
246
65
22
22
192
192
91
176
123
133
185
189
195
176
59
59

139
152
161
176
86

Various radicals

Isotactic

173
146
171
162
17
14
23
33
187
188

TABLE I.cont'd
Polymer

G(R)

G(X)

G(S)

G(products)

1.5
1.1
1.7
1.7
1.6
0.99, 0.4
0.77
5.1 (soln.)
0.89
(amorphous
solid)
0.48 (crystalline
solid)
1.21 (333K)
0.89 (303 K)
0.46(195K)
G(damage) = 8.8

1.0

300K
N 2 , RT
Vac
N2
Vac

0.14

Poly(2-naphthyl methacrylate)
Poly(2,2,2-trichloroethyl methacrylate)

0.14
0.19
3.7

1.5.

0
0.4

Refs.

Isotactic
Syndiotactic

190
192
222
223
224
225
238
249

Protons, gamma
e, gamma
C5 + , O5 + ions
i-PMMA

Morphology
effects,
racemization
Benzene
solution

1.7
1.3

300K
300K
77, 300K

1.2, 1.7

258

264
1
238
238
175

Gamma/e,
298-416K

3.7
Poly(ethyl methacrylate)
Poly(w-butyl methacrylate)
Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)
Poly(phenyl methacrylate)

Comments

Air, RT

PoIy(I-naphthyl methacrylate)

0.03

Radiation
conditions

Dioxane
solution
Syndiotactic
Syndiotactic

0.44

11
192
192
193
238

POLY(STYRENES)

Poly(oc-methyl styrene)

0.3
0.33

e
Gamma/e,
77-373K
273-319 K

0.78
0

0.29
0.48,0.89, 0.97,
1.13

303, 353, 373,

383, 393 K

0.105,0.05
Poly(/?-methyl styrene)

0.1

Poly(styrene)

0.45-7.9

77, 298 K
Gamma/e,
77-373K
303 K

0.022
0.17

0.022
1.09, 2.12

0.035-0.042
0.043

0.010-0.051
0.0009

0.043-0.027
0.048, 0.021

0.086-0.074
0.2*
0.27, 0.07

0.03/0.2

0.02/0.2

0.043

0.00086
3.9

0.05

0.02

0.1

Air

0.032 (H 2 )

303-373 K
303 K
303-423 K
77 K
Air
77 K
Gamma/n,
vac/air, 206 K

131
38
Benzene
solution
+ Depolymerization

194

197
38
Emulsion
polymerization
Sheet
absorbed on
silica gel
Includes lit.
review
* G(S)-G(X)
Various doses

Sheet
O 2 + CCl 4
373-623K
Air

25

48
56
58
60
61
67
73
130
132
135
136
147
157

References page II - 493

TABLE 1. cont'd
Polymer

G(R)

G(X)
0.077

G(S)

G(products)

Radiation
conditions

Comments

0.055

0.0009
0.094
Various

0.0027
Various

0.018,0.15

0.06,0.07

0.0174
0.0425

0.0012

0.014-0.05

0.105

77 K
313 K
Gamma/n,
vac/air
77 K
Gamma/n/alpha,
air
77 K

1.8

0.5

Radical pairs

0.05

Various

24.7-30.4
G(degradation)
0.01
0.03 (H 2 )
H 2 , CH 4 ,
C 2 H 2 , C3H4,
C6H6
Various
(-O 2 )
Various
Various
hydrogen

Warming

Gamma/e,
77-373 K
Abs of air
Various dose
rates

Various sources
+ Crosslinking
agents

Ion beam

Deuterium subs

Vac, various
temp.

Variable temp.
dose rate
Tacticity,
crystallinity
effect
Gamma, X-ray,

0.03-0.05

161
74
81
85
98
112

0.033 (H 2 )

0.03-0.05
6.7-15.2

Refs.

19
6
7
33
38
195
196
228
234

250
257

255

Ne, Ar
1.6.

POLY(VINYLS)

1.6.1. ACRYLAMIDES AND NITRILES

Poly(acrylamide)

2.5
0.04

0.88

5
1.33/0.62

Poly(methacrylamide)

0.45/0.52
1.2*

Poly(acrylonitrile)

3.7-4.1

Poly(methacrylonitrile)

0.15-3.0
2.8,4.2
2.2,2.8

303 K

0.59

0.0
0.4-3.3
3.3 gamma
3.6 X
0.5Ne
0.4 Ar

Poly(a-chloroacrylonitrile)

Various

AhYH2O
e, O 2
Aq. soln, 304 K
Vac/air,
77-393K

1.4

77, 300K
77, 300K
Absence of O 2

Aq. soln.
Hydrogel

149
103
108
167

* G(S)-GQQ

141

Absorbed on
zeolite

53

Various sources

77 K
2.7*
1.1-7.2
3.2
2.1-3.3*
3.1-3.3
3.3*

Vac/air

* G(S)-G(X)
Solution + bulk
*G(S)-G(X)
*G(S)- G(X)

5
198
200
195
255

133
59
99
145
59
62
17

1.6.2. VINYL MONOMERS

Poly(r-butyl crotonate)
Poly(f-butyl vinyl ether)
Poly(ethyl vinyl ether)
Poly(isobutyl vinyl ether)
Poly(isopropyl vinyl ether)

0.66

0.59
3.6,10.3
0.36,0.50
0.39,1.73
0.86,1.50

273,
273,
273,
273,

348 K
348 K
348 K
348 K

Liquid

54
122
122
122
122

TABLE 1. cont'd
Polymer
Poly(methyl vinyl ether)
Poly(tetrafluoroethylene)
Poly(vinyl acetate)

G(R)

G(X)

0.31,0.64
0.5
2.4-4.1

Poly(vinyl alcohol)
Poly(vinyl bromide)
Poly(vinyl butyral)
Poly (vinyl carbazole)
Poly (vinyl chloride)

G(S)

1.08
1.02
0.71
0.35

0.6

0.7 (holes)
1.7
2.36
10-11

20-115

G(products)

Radiation
conditions

273, 348 K
O 2 + CCl4 K
243-273 K
0.9-2.4 gel dose Absence of O 2
O2
Air
N2
39-55(HBr)
e, N 2
e
77 K
Air
Various
Vac/O2
7.7 (HCl)
Vac/O2
(d.b.)
17(HCl)
e, N2/vac
0.24 (H2)
Vac/O2
8 (HCl)
2.8-3.5(Py + )
0-1.2 (Phenyl + )
3.0 (-Cl)

Poly(vinyl imidazole)
Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)

10-54
0.41-0.75

Aq

3.3

77 K
0.01-1.32

Comments

Also 373-623 K

Solution

Underpressure
THFsoln.
+ additives

Refs.
122
147
21
195
236
9
241
168
165
113
115
119
8,44
154
160

G(cation)
247
273 K
G(X) Increases
263
with crosslinker
269
+Crosslinker
256
Aq. soln.
12
+Warming
13
Various
205
solutions

1.7. MISCELLANEOUS POLYMERS

1.7.1. CELLULOSE AND DERIVATIVES
Cellulose
13-186
7.1

Cellulose acetate

CO, CHO, COOH Vac/air

Vac/air
Air

Post irrad.
H2O incr. G(S)

111
26
156

1.7.2. POLY(SILOXANES)
Poly(oxydimethyl diphenylsilylene)
Poly(oxydimethyl silylene)

Various
Poly(methyl phenyl silane)
Poly(cyclohexyl methyl silane)

Various
2.48

N 2 , 303 K

18.5/120

Air

2.7
3.0
2.8
Various

Various

Various

0.01-0.21
1

Poly(dimethyl siloxane)
Silicon containing poly(acetylene)

1.8-17.4
1.7
0.3-2.3

Liq.
94
Also blends with 143
PS
Effect of
104
pressure
76
80
Liquid
82
186
G(X) increases
265
with crosslinker
LET
230
dependence
Dose
232
dependence
243
Effect of various 252
pendent groups

1.7.3. POLY (AMINO ACIDS)

Poly(alanine)
Poly(glycine)
Poly(tyrosine)
Poly(valine)

2.9
3.6
2.2
< 0.4

3.8-7.0
3.0-3.3
0.12

Various
Various
Various
Various
0.04-0.12 (NH3) Air/N2/N2O
Various

Aq. soln.

95
128
95
95
102
95

References page II - 493

TABLE 1. cont'd
Polymer

G(R)

G(X)

G(S)

G(products)

Radiation
conditions

Comments

Refs.

1.7.4. POLYESTERS
Poly(hydroxybutyrate)
Poly(L-lactic acid)
PoIy(D, L lactic acid)

1.65

Air
77, 300K
77, 300K
77, 300K

2.0,1.5
2.37-1.23
2.4, 1.2

Pressure and
temp, effect
on G(S) and
G(X)
Poly(glycolic acid)

1.72,1.47

77, 300K
Pressure and
temp, effects
on G(S) and
G(X)

191
201
203
201
274

203
274

1.7.5. POLYSULFONES
Bis-A-PSF
Hydroquinone PSF
Biphenol PSF
Bis-S-PSF
PES (Polyethersulfone)

0.13
0.13
0.57
0.19
0.14
0.56
0.084
0.084
0.51
0.128
0.24

0.13-1.34

0.11-0.67

Various gases
0.14 (SO2)
0.145 (SO2)
0.136 (SO2)
0.14 (SO2)
0.14(SO2)
0.063 (SO2)
0.06 (SO2)
0.6(SO 2 )
0.198 (SO2)
0.243 (SO2)

Various temp

207
208
211
207
208
211
207
208
211
207
207

1.7.6. POLYKETONES
PEEK

PEEKK

PEEK-Me
PEEKK-Me
PEK-Ar

0.11
0.004
0.001
1.0e20 spin/kG
0.11
0.12
0.004
0.001
Lle20spin/kG
0.28
0.009
0.001
0.37
0.012
0.001
0.42
0.039
0.005

Vac, 77 K
Vac, 300K
Air, 300K
77 K

209
211

0.00054 gases

212
209

Vac, 77 K
Vac, 300K
Air, 300K
77 K
Vac, 77 K
Vac, 300K
Air, 300K
Vac, 77 K
Vac, 300K
Air, 300K
Vac, 77 K
Vac, 300K
Air, 300K

211
209
209
209

1.7.7. FLUOROPOLYMERS
Fluoro elastomers
Poly(perfluoroethers)

Various

Various

Various

G(S)
Poly(tetrafluoroethylene)

2.15
6.0

Various
Various
Various gases
e, argon 9 K
G(decomposition) e
= 0.2-1.2
G(wt. loss),
G(gas)

Review
Structure, temp.
effects

186
202
259
260

As polymerized 237
sintered, low
crystalline
Dose rate
267
effects on G(S)

TABLE 1. cont'd
Polymer

G(R)

G(X)

G(S)

G(products)

Radiation
conditions

0.3 at 373
0.57 at 473
0.89 at 573
1.33 at 673
2.07 at 773
Poly(vinyl
Poly(vinylidene

fluoride)
fluoride)

0.22
0.37
0.46-0.78
0.6-0.78

0.38-0.86
0.29

Various

Various

Comments

Refs.

+Dose effects 271

0.07 (Polyvinyl)
0.11 (Polyvinyl)
1-4 (HF)

46
46
49
254

293 K
+Crosslinker

1.7.8. OTHERS
Aromatic polymers
Alkyl aromatic poly amides

Various

Aryloxyphosphazenes
-[(R-Ph-O)2-PN]n-biphenol
0.6,0.19
-bis phenol
0.6,0.22
-hydroquinone
0.6,0.35
Poly(bis(phenoxy)phosphazene)
Poly(bis(4-methyl-phenoxy)phosphazene)
Poly(bis(4-r-butyl-phenoxy)phosphazene)
Poly(bis(4-cumyl-phenoxy)phosphazene)
PoIy(I-(f-butoxycarbonylthio)ethylene) 3.39
Poly(f-butyl isopropenyl ketone)
Poly(butylene), l,4-disubstituted(urethane side
chain)
Poly(epoxide)(Araldite)
0.59
Poly(ether imide) (Ultem)
0.01
Hyaluronic acid

PoIy(I-mercapto ethylene)
2.65
Poly(oxadiazole-2,5-diyl-l,4-phenylenephthalidylidene-1,4-phenylene)
Poly (oxycarbonyl-1,1 -dimethy 1-2isopropylidene-ethylene)
Poly(oxycarboxyethylene)
Poly(oxyethylene)

Various gases

0.22(R = Me)
2.12(R = Et)

G(S)ZG(X)
Reduces with
increase in
methylene
0.26
0.26
77, 300K
77, 300K
77, 300K

0.9
3.5
0.1
0.2

0.7
2.0
0.1
0.2
77 K

0.33
0.139

77 K
77 K

0.00528
5.0-6.7 (O2)
2.0 (H 2 O 2 )
0-0.1
(peroxide)
Vac/air

0.0014

Warming
39

1.9
0.4-11

Poly(oxyethyleneoxyterephthaloyl)
0.023
Poly(oxymethylene)
Poly (oxy-l,4-phenylenesulfonyl-l,4-phenelene
0.05
oxy-1,4-phenylene-isopropylidene-1,4phenylene)
Poly(oxy-1,4-phenylenesulfony-1,4-phenylene)
Poly(oxysebacoyloxy-1,4-phenylene)
isopropylidene-1,4-phenylene)
Poly(phenylene oxide)
5.7e20 spin/kG
0.6,0.33

Poly(thiopropylene)

pH dependence

77 K
Various

0.015/0.067

110
110
210
210
210
273
273
273
273
13
142
93
36
114
253

19
50

14.5,40.5
2.6

N 2 air
e, O 2 air
200K

36

0.16,0.04

Warming

1.5

Poly(phenylene sulfide)
Poly(thiophenylene)

204,211
251

Aq. soln.

57-144

Various

8
0.012

320 (HCHO)
0.04 gas

423 K
300-423 K

29
37
153

0.04 gas

300-423 K
Air

153
68

77 K
77, 300K

211
206

77, 300K
Gamma/e,
vac/air
77 K

206
109

9
0.08H 2
0.015 CH4
0.03H2
0.030/0.15

Dose rate
dependence
Also e

35
103
83
55

Radical pairs

74

References page 11-493

TABLE 2. COPOLYMERS
Copolymers
2.1.

G(R)

G(X)

G(S)

Radiation
conditions

Comments

Refs.

303-423 K

+Additives

10
125
89
125
10
127

COPOLYMERS WITH ETHYLENE

Poly(ethylene-co-l-butene)

Various
Various

Poly(ethylene-c0-ethyl acrylate)
Poly(ethylene-co-hexene)

2.53-3.2

Poly(ethylene-co-propylene)

0.43,0.83

Butyl rubber
Halogenated butyl rubber

e, air
Various
Various

2.92

2.2.

G(products)

0.11,0.35

0.69
1.1
0.9/3.2

1.2
0.33
3.2

0.26

0.16

Various

Various

Various

2.3 (total)
0.19 (allyl)
3.7-4.0

0-0.6

3.9-6.09

Dose
dependent

Dose
dependent

Various
Various
Various
8.6-11.0(O 2 )
5(COOH)

Various gases,
O2
Various
0.07-0.62 gel
dose
Various chain
ends
Various gases

303-423 K
303 K
Air

+Additives
23%, 36%
Propylene
+Additives

303-423 K
Air
Air

+Additives

Air

2.0 GPa
+ variation
In terpolymer

293-298
Various

16
182

Review
186
various sources 195

77-398 K
77 K

70
125
10
96
101
116
104

219
Chloro and
bromo

220

COPOLYMER WITH METHYL METHACRYLATE

Poly(methyl methacrylate-cobromomethyl methacrylate)

Poly(methyl methacrylate-cochlorotrifluoroethylene)

0.2-1.4

0.06-0.1

0.7-1
2.1

139
77 K

65

2.1
Poly(methyl methacrylate-codichlorostyrene)
Poly(methyl methacrylate-codimethyl
itaconate)
Poly(methyl methacrylate-cohexafluoroisopropyl methacrylate)
Poly(methyl methacrylate-cohexyl methacrylate)
Poly(methyl methacrylate-comethacrylic acid)

50
3.2-3.5*
1.0*
2.0-3.1

0.4
0.53-0.87

77 K

17
59
65
137

22

1.8,2.06

2.0

*G(S)-G(X)
* G(S)-G(X)

3.6

273 K

2.9
Poly(methyl methacrylate-comethacrylic acid-styrene)
Poly(methyl methacrylate-comethacrylic acid-co-cumyl phenyl
methacrylate)
Poly(methyl methacrylate-comethacrylic acid-co-2-naphthyl
methacrylate)
Poly (methyl methacrylate-comethacrylic acid)
Poly(methyl methacrylate-co-2
naphthyl methacrylate)
Poly(methyl methacrylate-comethacrylonitrile, vinylidene
chloride, methyl-a-chloroacrylate,
a-chloronitrile ter polymers)
Poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methyl
bromoacrylate)

137

1.3

77 K

146

1.2

20% MAA
238

1.6

238

133

1.09

238

2.0

238

1.06

238

0.06

1.9-3.1

145

0.41

4.16

139

TABLE 2. cont'd
Copolymer

G(R)

Poly(methyl methacrylate-ctf-methyl3.1
oc-chloroacrylate)
Poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methyloc-chloroacrylate)
Poly(methyl methacrylate-comethyl2-chloroacrylate)
Poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methyla-chloroacrylonitrile)
Poly(methyl methacrylate-ctf-methyl5.9
a-cyanoacrylate)
Poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methyloc-fluoroacrylate)
Poly(methyl methacrylate-comethyl
fluoroacrylate)
Poly(methyl methacrylate-co3-oximino-2-butanone methacrylate)
Poly(methyl methacrylate-cotribromophenyl methacrylate)
Poly(methyl methacrylate-cotrichloroethyl-alpha-chloroacrylate)
Poly(methyl methacrylate-cotrichlorophenyl methacrylate)
Poly(methyl methacrylate-cotrifluoroethylene methacrylate)
Poly(methyl methacrylate-covinylidene chloride)
Poly(methyl methacrylate-covinylidene fluoride)
Poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethyl
methacrylate)
Poly(glycidyl methacrylate-coethyl
acrylate)
2.3.

G(X)

0.06

G(S)

G(products)

Comments

Refs.

77 K

14% MCA

133

3.1

24

2.8*

*G(S)-G(X)

6.6

0-0.44

1.0-2.2

14% CAN

133

77 K

20% MCA

133

77 K

65

2.4
> 0.55
0.07-0.19

137
1.4-2.4

0.38-2.2

Various

69

Air

72

3.8
0.05-0.7

17

77 K

Also TFEM

140

0.4-4.4

72

1.9

77 K

2.8-3.4*

65
*G(S)-G(X)

17

1.6

137

1.35-8.5

1.6
1.51-5.5

77 K

0.077
0.04-0.59

Various
0.055
0.0-0.09

Vac

4.3/33

2.8/17

Air

0.3-3.0
Various

Various

313 K
77 K

0.04-0.38

2.18-2.47

Various
compositions
246

6.5

65
246

COPOLYMERS WITH STYRENE

Poly(styrene-coacrylates)
Poly(styrene-c<9-acrylonitrile)
0.4-2.8 77 K
0.14-4.2 300 K
Poly(styrene-co-butadiene)

Poly(styrene-co-cyanoacrylates)
Poly(styrene-co-l-mercaptoethylene)
Poly(styrene-co-methyl acrylate)

Various
CO, CH 4 ,
CO 2 etc.

Poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate)

0.40-2.76 77 K
0.14-1.39 300K
0.18

Poly(styrene-co-methacrylonitrile)

0.31-2.16

0.83 (gases)

Poly(styrene-co-butyl vinyl ketone)

Poly(styrene-co-methyl isopropyl ketone)
2.4.

Radiation
conditions

77 K
Various
temperatures
Vac
77K/(R),
300 K/(gas)

e
e

73
34
Various
215,221
compositions
Effect of
104
pressure
3
Block
98
copolymers
73
19
12-80% sty
126
Various
compositions
51% sty

216

Various
compositions

199

132

239
239

COPOYMERS WITH SULFUR DIOXIDE

Poly(1 -butene-co-sulfur dioxide)

Various gases
12

Poly(2-butene-co-sulfur dioxide)
Poly(cyclohexene-co-sulfur dioxide)
Poly(4,4-dimethylpentene-co-sulfur dioxide)

Various gases
Various gases
Various gases

273 -423 K
e
273-423 K
273-423 K
273-423 K

31,124,150
131
31,124
31,124
31,124

References page II - 493

TABLE 2. cont'd
Copolymer
Poly(ethylene-co-sulfur dioxide)
Poly(hexene-l-co-sulfur dioxide)
Poly(isobutene-co-sulfur dioxide)
Poly(3-methyl-l-butene-co-sulfur
dioxide)
Poly(propylene-co-sulfur dioxide)

G(products)

Radiation
conditions

1.8

Various gases
Various gases
Various gases
Various gases

273-423 K
273-423 K
273-423 K
273-423 K

124
31,124
31,124
Poly(31,124, 150

2.2

Various gases

273-423 K

31,124,150

G(R)

G(X)

G(S)

Comments

Refs.

2.5. OTHER COPOLYMERS

Poly (butyl methacrylate-col-naphthyl
methacrylate)
Poly(glutamic acid-co-tyrosine)
Poly(glycolic acid-co-1 -lactic acid)
Poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co3-chlorostyrene)
Poly(hydroxy butyrate-co-valerate)

0.14
0.03-0.5
2.23-2.36
1.49-1.53
1.0

0-0.5

300K
77 K
300K

Various
2.7-3.4

Various gases
1,4-ester

77, 263, 273,

303 K
e, gamma

3.2-43.*

Different
compositions

77 K
20/150

+ Warming

Air

3.3
0.42
0.6-5.2(HF)

N2
240C

30 (d.b.)
2.3-2.7
1.2

0.9

Various

203

Vac/air/H2O

217

17
13
104
119
106

3.5 (Gas)

Poly(vinyl chloride-coethylglycodimethacrylate)
Poly(vinylidene chloride-co-dimethyl
itaconate)
Poly(vinylidene chloride-co-hexafluoropropylene)
Tetrafluoroethylene, perfluoro methyl
vinyl ether copolymer 2:1

214

218
*G(S)- G(X)

3.01

1.3

144

1.16

Polysulphone-polydimethyl siloxane
block copolymer

Various
compositions
Various
compositions

0.42

3.0-0.5
Poly(methacrylonitrile-c0-methyl2-chloroacrylate)
Poly (N- vinylpyrrolidone-c0-/-buty I5-vinyl thiocarbonate)
Poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene)
Poly(acrylonitrile-co-chloroprene)
Poly(tetrafluoroetnylene-c0hexafluoropropylene)
Poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-propylene)

Benzene soln.

Emulsion
121
polymer + H 2O
116
266
8
*G(S)-G(X)

17

+Additives

166

0.93 (CF4)
e
0.31 (COF2)
0.055 (CO2)
0.14 (CF3 OCF3)
1.43 (total gas)
0.34 (acid
fluoride)
New chain ends
1 (_CF 2 -CF 3 )
0.09 (-CF 2 -O-CF 3 )
0.5 (CF2-COOH)
0.2(-CF = CF2)

229

268

Dose and
molecular
weight effects

272

TABLE 3. POLYMERS BLENDS

Polymer Blends

G(X)

Poly (methyl methacrylate)/

Poly (1 -naphthyl(methacrylate)
Poly(methyl methacrylate)/
Poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)
Poly (methyl methacrylate)/styreneacrylonitrile
Poly(methyl methacrylate)/Acrylonitrile

G(S)

Comments

Refs.

0.14

Benzene

0.025

0.051

50% PMMA

161

0.041
0.034
0.02
0.008
0.042
0.036
0.009
0.01

0.027
0.15
0.21
0.23
0.14
0.25
0.34
0.88

SAN 100
85
50
15
ACNlOO
85
50
15

242

242

TABLE 4. COMPOSITES
Polymer Composites

G(products)

Radiation
conditions

Refs.

Glass-DGEBA-DDM
Color-DGEBA-DDM

H 2 , CO, CO2
H 2 , CO, CO2

77 K, RT
77 K, RT

227
227

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