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Iron - Iron Carbide Iron Iron Carbide Phase Diagram: Today's Topics

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161 views

Iron - Iron Carbide Iron Iron Carbide Phase Diagram: Today's Topics

Uploaded by

embargio
Copyright
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MME 291: Lecture 07

Iron Iron Carbide Phase Diagram

Prof. A.K.M.B. Rashid Department of MME BUET, Dhaka

Todays Topics
The iron carbon phase diagram p g Details of iron iron carbide phase diagram Classification of iron carbon alloys

Reference: 1. SH Avner. Introduction to physical metallurgy, 2nd Ed., Ch. 7.

Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011

MME 291, Lec 07: Iron Iron Carbide Phase Diagram

P 02

Allotropic Transformation of Pure Iron


Liquid

Temperature, C C

1535 1535 1401

(delta) iron (BCC) (gamma) iron (FCC) nonmagnetic

910 768

(alpha) iron (BCC) nonmagnetic (alpha) iron (BCC) magnetic

Time Cooling Curve of Pure Iron


Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011 MME 291, Lec 07: Iron Iron Carbide Phase Diagram P 03

Iron Carbon Phase Diagram


Iron Carbide, Fe3C
T Temperature, C
An interstitial compound, containing 6.67 wt.% carbon. The compound dissociates into iron and carbon, if given the opportunity:
Fe3C = Fe + 3C

Fe3C is a metastable compound, because such decomposition takes a very long time at room temperature.
6.67

Because of the presence of Fe3C, this diagran is not a true equilibrium diagram.

Iron
Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011

Fe3C wt. % carbon


MME 291, Lec 07: Iron Iron Carbide Phase Diagram

Carbon
P 04

Iron Iron Carbide Phase Diagram


1535 1492

T Temperature, C

1401 910 1130

723

Fe
Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011

wt. % carbon

Fe3C
P 05

MME 291, Lec 07: Iron Iron Carbide Phase Diagram

0.10

T Temperature, C

0.50 0.18

2.0

4.3

0.025

0.80

Fe

0.008

6.67

wt. % carbon

Fe3C
P 06

Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011

MME 291, Lec 07: Iron Iron Carbide Phase Diagram

Delta () iron

Liquid

T Temperature, C

Austenite ( )

Ferrite ()

Cemenite

Fe
Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011

wt. % carbon

Fe3C
P 07

MME 291, Lec 07: Iron Iron Carbide Phase Diagram

L austenite + L L + cementite

T Temperature, C

austenite austenite + ferrite austenite + cementite

ferrite ferrite + cementite

cemenite

Fe
Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011

wt. % carbon

Fe3C
P 08

MME 291, Lec 07: Iron Iron Carbide Phase Diagram

The Invariant Reactions


-iron + L

Te emperature, C

austenite

Peritectic Point

The Peritectic Reaction @ 1492 C


Delta-iron 0.10%C + Liquid 0.50%C cooling heating Austenite 0.18%C

Fe
Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011

wt. % carbon

Fe3C
P 09

MME 291, Lec 07: Iron Iron Carbide Phase Diagram

Te emperature, C

liquid

Eutectic E t ti Point

austenite + cementite

The Eutectic Reaction @ 1130 C


Liquid 4.3%C cooling heating ( Austenite 2.0%C + Cementite 6.67%C )

Fe

Ledeburite (an eutectic mixture) Fe3C wt. % carbon


P 10

Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011

MME 291, Lec 07: Iron Iron Carbide Phase Diagram

T Temperature, C

austenite

ferrite + cementite

Eutectoid Point

The Eutectoid Reaction @ 723 C


Austenite 0.8%C Fe cooling heating Ferrite 0.025%C + Cementite 6.67%C ) Fe3C wt. % (carbon
Pearlite (an eutectoid mixture)
P 11

Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011

MME 291, Lec 07: Iron Iron Carbide Phase Diagram

The Major Phases


delta iron liquid

T Temperature, C

ledeburite

austenite

ferrite

Fe
Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011

wt. % carbon

MME 291, Lec 07: Iron Iron Carbide Phase Diagram

cemen nite

pearl lite

Fe3C
P 12

Iron Iron Carbide Phase Diagram


austenite + liquid liquid liquid + cementite

T Temperature, C

austenite austenite + ferrite pe earlite ferrite ferrite + pearlite austenite + cementite cem menite

pearlite + cementite

Fe
Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011

wt. % carbon

Fe3C
P 13

MME 291, Lec 07: Iron Iron Carbide Phase Diagram

Characteristics of Major Phases


T Temperature, C

An interstitial solid solution of carbon dissolved in BCC -iron. Carbon solubility 0.025 wt.% max. at 723 C, 0.008 wt.% min. at 0 C. ferrite The softest structure that appears on the iron iron carbide diagram. diagram Average properties: 40,000 psi TS, 40 % elong. in 2 inch, < RC 0 or < RB 90 hardness.

Fe
Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011

ledeburite

Ferrite ()

wt. % carbon

Fe3C
P 14

MME 291, Lec 07: Iron Iron Carbide Phase Diagram

Austenite ()
T Temperature, C
An interstitial solid solution of carbon dissolved in FCC -iron -iron. austenite Carbon solubility 2.00 wt.% max. at 1130 C, 0.80 wt.% min. at 723 C. Not stable at room temperature; can be made stable under certain conditions. Average properties: 150,000 psi TS, 10 % elong. in 2 inch, RC 40 hardness, high toughness.

Fe
Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011

wt. % carbon

Fe3C
P 15

MME 291, Lec 07: Iron Iron Carbide Phase Diagram

T Temperature, C

Cementite (Fe3C)
An interstitial intermetallic compound of iron carbide with an orthorhombic structure. Its chemical formula is Fe3C and contains 6.67 wt.% carbon. The hardest and brittle structure that appears on the iron iron carbide diagram diagram. Average properties: 5,000 psi TS, high compressive strength. cemen nite

Fe
Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011

wt. % carbon

Fe3C
P 16

MME 291, Lec 07: Iron Iron Carbide Phase Diagram

Pearlite
The eutectoid mixture of fine plate-like lamellar mixture of ferrite and cementite.

T Temperature, C

Formed from austenite that contains 0.80 wt.% carbon during slow cooling at 723 C. Average properties: 120,000 psi TS, 20 % elong. in 2 inch, RC 20 hardness.

Fe
Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011

pearl lite

wt. % carbon

Fe3C
P 17

MME 291, Lec 07: Iron Iron Carbide Phase Diagram

T Temperature, C

Ledeburite
The eutectic mixture of austenite and cementite. Formed from liquid that contains 4.30 wt.% carbon during slow cooling at 1130 C. Not stable below 723 C, where austenite of ladeburite transformed into pearlite.

Fe The structure is then called transformed ladeburite. wt. % carbon


Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011

ledeburite

Fe3C

MME 291, Lec 07: Iron Iron Carbide Phase Diagram

P 18

Carbon Solubility in Iron


Austenite
FCC structure 4 iron atoms/unit cell Dense atomic packing (74 %)

Ferrite
BCC structure 2 iron atoms/unit cell Loose atomic packing (68 %)

Iron expands when changes from austenite to ferrite during cooling.

Why does austenite absorb more carbon than ferrite ?


Radius of an average carbon atom is 0.70 (x10-8) cm. Radius of maximum void in FCC austenite is 0.52 (x10-8) cm, while that in BCC ferrite is 0.36 (x10-8) cm. The distortion of ferrite lattice by carbon atom is much greater than in case of austenite. Austenite has a greater solubility of C atoms than ferrite
Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011 MME 291, Lec 07: Iron Iron Carbide Phase Diagram P 19

Classification of Iron Carbon Alloys


Temperature, C
Steels are Fe-C alloys that pass through austenite zone during cooling austenite liquid

eutectic

eutectoid ferrite ferrite + pearlite


0.8

pearlite + cementite
2.0 hyper eutectoid hypo eutectic 4.3

STEELS
hypo eutectoid
Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011

CAST IRONS
hyper eutectic
P 20

MME 291, Lec 07: Iron Iron Carbide Phase Diagram

Next Class
MME 291: Lecture 08

Development of Structure in Steels

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