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Ghazali's Theory of Virtue by M. A. Sharif
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Ghazali’s Theory of Virtue
,
MOHAMED AHMED /SHERIF
STUDIES IN ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY AND SCIENCE
Published under the auspices of
the Society for the Study of Islamic Philosophy and Science
EDITORIAL BOARD
George F. Hourani, State University
of New York at Bufalo.
Muhsin Mahdi, Harcard University.
Parviz Morewedge, Baruch College
of City University of New York.
Nicolas Rescher, University of Pittsburg.
Ehsan Yar-Shater, Golumbia University.
1975
State University of New York Press
AuanyMohamed A. Sherif is an Assistant Professor of Philosophy,
University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
Ghazali’s Theory of Virtue
First Edition
Published by the State University of New York Press
99 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12210
Copyright © 1975 State University of New York
Al Rights reserved
Printed in U.S.A.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Sherif, Mohamed A.
Ghazali's theory of virtue
Bibliography: p.
1, al-Ghazali, 1058-1111. 2 Virtue.
1. Tile.
1B753.G3485+ 17.9 71-8800
ISBN 0-87395-206-5
ISBN 0-87395-207-8 (microfiche)
To my brother HammaliLisr oF Tastes .
TRANSLITERATION AND ABBREVIATIONS -
CONTENTS
AckNowLEDoMENTS
IL. INTRODUCTION ane
The Unity in Ghazali’s Thought... . 1
The Place of Ethics in the Division of Sees. 4
The Problem vevcsrvevsevvae 19
II, PHILOSOPHIC VIRTUES . 2
General Characteristics 24
The Peychological Basis of Virtue. Py
Virtue and Character 29
Origin of Virtue «2.0. 31
Doctrine of the Mean 33
The Four Principal Virtues ......+. 38
Wisdom and Its Subdivisions 40
Gourage and Its Subdivisions 8
Temperance and Iis Subdivisions 56
Justice... n
Conclusion 3
III, RELIGIOUS-LEGAL VIRTUES .. 7
Theological Virtues 78
Acts of Worship 86
Customs. ..s-- 92
Conclusion 102
IV. MYSTICAL VIRTUES ... - 105
Ghazali and Mysticism 105
Characteristics of Mystical 108
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