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AC Power Analysis

This document summarizes a lecture on AC power analysis and power factor correction. The key points covered are: - Review of AC power analysis including average power, complex power, power triangles, and RMS values. - Definition of power factor as the cosine of the angle between the voltage and current. - How inductive loads result in a power factor less than 1 and waste power during delivery. - Power factor correction techniques like adding a capacitor in parallel with an inductive load to increase the power factor towards 1. - Worked examples are provided to calculate power factor and redesign a circuit to achieve a power factor of 1.

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243 views16 pages

AC Power Analysis

This document summarizes a lecture on AC power analysis and power factor correction. The key points covered are: - Review of AC power analysis including average power, complex power, power triangles, and RMS values. - Definition of power factor as the cosine of the angle between the voltage and current. - How inductive loads result in a power factor less than 1 and waste power during delivery. - Power factor correction techniques like adding a capacitor in parallel with an inductive load to increase the power factor towards 1. - Worked examples are provided to calculate power factor and redesign a circuit to achieve a power factor of 1.

Uploaded by

rgarciadgo
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 32

Review: AC power analysis


Average power, complex power, power triangles RMS values Power factor

Power factor correction Related educational materials:


Chapter 12.5, 12.6

AC power analysis
Average power:
Average power in terms of RMS (or effective) values: Complex power:

Power triangles
Complex power (rectangular form): Presented graphically:

Real (average) and reactive power:

Power factor (pf)


Power factor: Load impedance:
V ZL I

Z L V I

Z L v i

Example 1
For the circuit below, determine:
(a) the complex power delivered by the source (b) the average power delivered by the source

Outline problem on previous slide: 1. find equivalent impedance 2. find source current 3. complex power = VI*/2 4. Average power = (Vm*Im/2)*cos(thetavthetai)

(a) Determine the complex power delivered by the source

(b) Determine the average power delivered by the source

Effect of pf on power delivery


If v - i 0, we have some reactive power that is not consumed by the load
The current provided to the load is higher than necessary Results in additional power dissipated during delivery Power companies dont like this!

Power factor correction


Power companies may require that users maintain a minimum power factor
e.g. pf > 0.9

Most large loads are inductive in nature


e.g. inductive motors

Power factor correction may be necessary


The approach must be inexpensive & simple to implement

Adding a capacitor in parallel with the inductive load will increase the power factor

Power factor correction continued


We have an inductive load with some power factor cos1: The power triangle is shown below:

Power factor correction continued again


We can increase the power factor by adding a capacitor in parallel with the load:
I

The power triangle then becomes:

+ -

ZL

ZC

Example 2 power factor correction


For the circuit below if
(a) Determine the power factor (b) Re-design the circuit so that pf = 1

Example 2 Determine pf

Example 2 Re-design circuit so that pf = 1

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