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Control Charts: X and R Charts

Control charts can be used to monitor variables and attributes in a manufacturing process. Variables charts like x-bar and R charts track the mean and range of sample measurements, while s charts track the standard deviation. Attributes charts monitor defects, with common ones including p charts for fraction defective and c charts for average number of defects. More advanced charts include CUSUM charts for detecting small shifts and EWMA charts for weighting recent observations. Regression charts can also be used to monitor multivariate quality characteristics.

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total4321
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15 views2 pages

Control Charts: X and R Charts

Control charts can be used to monitor variables and attributes in a manufacturing process. Variables charts like x-bar and R charts track the mean and range of sample measurements, while s charts track the standard deviation. Attributes charts monitor defects, with common ones including p charts for fraction defective and c charts for average number of defects. More advanced charts include CUSUM charts for detecting small shifts and EWMA charts for weighting recent observations. Regression charts can also be used to monitor multivariate quality characteristics.

Uploaded by

total4321
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONTROL CHARTS

Variables Charts x and R Charts


n x j =
i=1

xij

m = x
j =1

x j

m = Rj = max(xij ) min(xij ) R
i i j =1

Rj

unknown

U CL = x + center = x U CL = x

d2

3 R n 3 R n

+ A2 R =x A2 R =x

d2

U CL = RD4 R center = R U CL = RD3 R

x and S Charts
Sj =

n i=1 (xij

j )2 X n1

m = S
j =1

Sj

unknown

U CL = x + center = x U CL = x

c4

3 S n 3 S n

+ A3 R =x A3 R =x

c4

U CL = B4 S center = S U CL = B3 S

variable sample size n =1 nj xij = i x j nj m = S


j =1 (nj

2 1)Sj

nj

zj =

x j x
S nj

U CL/LCL = 3, center = 0

Individual Measurements
m MRj = |xj xj 1 | x =
j =1

xj

m MR =
j =1

MRj

+ 3 MR U CL = x d2 center = x U CL = x 3 MR d2

Attributes Charts

Fraction Non Conforming units


{ Dj = 1 defective 0 non defective n p j =
i=1

Di

m p =
j =1

p j

p (1p ) U CL = p + 3 n center = p (1p ) LCL = p 3 p n

variable sample size p (1p ) U CL = p + 3 j nj center = p (1p ) LCL = p 3 p


j nj

pj p or standardise zj =

p (1p ) nj

Number of Defects per Unit


Number of defects on each unit cj e
c x

P (cj = x) =

c x!

m c =

j =1 cj

+ 3 c U CL = c center = c LCL = c 3 c

Average number of defects per unit n u j = m u =


j =1

i=1 cij

u j

u U CL = u + 3 n center = c LCL = u 3 u
n

variable sample size

u j u zj =
u nj

CUSUM Charts
K= |1 0 | 2

+ + Ci = max{0, xi (0 + K ) + Ci1 } Ci = max{0, (0 K ) xi + Ci 1 } + C0 = C0 = 0

U CL/LCL = H = h

EWMA Charts
( zi = xi + (1 )zi1
2 z i 2

U CL = 0 + Lzi center = 0 LCL = 0 Lzi

[ ] 1 (1 )2i

Common values for and L

3.054 0.40

2.998 0.25

2.962 0.20

2.814 0.10

2.615 0.05

Regression
yi = 0 +
p j =1

j xij + i

where xj can be products or squares of observed variables

LS Solutions
b = (X X )1 X y y = X b Se = (y y ) (y y ) np1 V ar( b) = (X X )1 Se

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