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Ipv6 Addressing: Md. Manirul Islam

- IPv6 was developed to address the depletion of available IPv4 addresses and provides approximately 5*1028 IP addresses for each person on Earth. - IPv6 simplifies packet headers, eliminates broadcasts, does not require fragmentation, and can coexist with IPv4 during transition using dual stack or tunneling methods. - IPv6 defines three address types: unicast for point-to-point communication, multicast for point-to-multipoint, and anycast for load balancing to the nearest destination.

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48 views12 pages

Ipv6 Addressing: Md. Manirul Islam

- IPv6 was developed to address the depletion of available IPv4 addresses and provides approximately 5*1028 IP addresses for each person on Earth. - IPv6 simplifies packet headers, eliminates broadcasts, does not require fragmentation, and can coexist with IPv4 during transition using dual stack or tunneling methods. - IPv6 defines three address types: unicast for point-to-point communication, multicast for point-to-multipoint, and anycast for load balancing to the nearest destination.

Uploaded by

Azaj Ikbal
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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IPv6 Addressing

Md. Manirul Islam

Introducing IPv6
With an increasing number of Internet users and non-PC devices (e.g. mobile devices) needing IP addresses, the IPv4 address space is becoming depleted. Fortunately, IPv6 dramatically increases the number of IP addresses available. Specifically, IPv6 offers approximately 5*1028 IP addresses for each person on the planet.

Introducing IPv6
IPv6 offers many other benefits, beyond the increased address space:
Simplified header:
IPv4 has a header with twelve fields. IPv6 only needs to use five of those twelve fields.

No broadcasts (avoids broadcast storms) No fragmentation (performs MTU discovery for each session) Can coexist with IPv4 during a transition:
Dual Stack (running IPv4 and IPv6 simultaneously) IPv6 over IPv4 (tunneling IPv6 through and IPv4 tunnel)

IPv6 Address
IPv6 has three types of addresses:
Unicast
A single IPv6 address is applied to a single interface The communication flow can be one-to-one

Multicast
A single IPv6 address (that is, a multicast group) represents multiple devices on a network) The communication flow is one-to-many

Anycast
A single IPv6 address is assigned to multiple devices The communication flows is one-to-nearest (from the perspective of a router's routing table)

IPv6 Addressing
Address format (where X = a hexadecimal digit in the range of 0-F) XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX A hexadecimal digit is four bits in size There are eight fields, and each field contains four hexadecimal digits 4 bits per digit * 4 digits per field * 8 fields = 128 bits in a IPv6 address.

IPv6 Addressing
Rules for abbreviating IPv6 addresses: 1. Leading zeros in a field can be omitted. 2. Contiguous fields containing all zeros can be represented with a double colon. (Note: This can only be done once for a single IPv6 address.)
Example: ABCD:0123:4040:0000:0000:0000:000A:000B Using the abbreviation rules, the IPv6 address can be: ABCD:123:4040::A:B

NOTE: Also, the Extended Unique Identifier (EUI-64) format can be used to cause the router to automatically populate the low-order 64 bits of an IPv6 address based on an interface's MAC address.

IPv6 Syntax
Command Router(config)#ipv6 cef Router(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing Router(config-if)#ipv6 address ipv6address|prefix-length [eui-64] Description Configures Cisco Express Forwarding for IPv6 Globally instructs a router to forward IPv6 traffic Assigns an IPv6 address to an interface (Note: The eui-64 option allows a router to complete the low-order 64 bits of an address, based on an interfaces MAC address.) Shows IPv6 configured interfaces

Router# show ipv6 interface brief

IPv6 Routing Options


Static routes Configured similar to IPv4 static routes RIP next generation (RIPng) Has many of the same characteristics as RIPv2 (for example, a distance vector routing protocol with a 15 hop-count maximum) OSPFv3 Builds on OSPFv2 to add support for IPv6 network characteristics (for example, 128-bit network addresses and linklocal addresses) IS-IS for IPv6 Very similar to IS-IS for IPv4, with a few IPv6 extensions added (for example, new Type, Length, Value (TLV) attributes, and a new protocol ID) Multiprotocol BGP Allows BGP to route protocols other than IPv4 (for example, IPv6) EIGRP Configured on the interfaces with IPv6 addressing, similar to OSPFv3

OSPFv3 Characteristics
Maintains several similarities with OSPFv2
Uses a hierarchical structure divided into areas Requires direct connectivity from the backbone area to all other areas. Uses many of the same packet types as OSPFv2 (for example, Hello packets)

Contains enhancements that support IPv6


Routes over links rather than over networks Uses IPv6 link-local addresses to identify neighbors Can support multiple IPv6 subnets on a single link Allows communication between two nodes connected to a common link, even though the two nodes might not share a common subnet Support multiple instances of OSPFv3 running over a common link

OSPFv3 Syntax
Command Router(config-if)#ipv6 ospf process-id area area-id Router(config)#ipv6 router ospf processid Router(config-rtr)#router-id ipv4-address Description Allows the IPv6 address configured on an interface to participate in an OSPFv3 routing process Globally enables an OSPFv3 routing process on a router Specifies an IPv4 address to be used by OSPFv3 as a routers router ID

IPv6 Coexisting with IPv4


As a network migrates from IPv4 to IPv6, some portions of the network might be configured for IPv6 while other portions of the network are configured for IPv4. During the transition, various options are available that allow IPv6 to coexist with IPv4:
Dual Stack: Router interfaces can be configured with both IPv4 and IPv6 addressing, and the router can be configured with both IPv4 and IPv6 routing protocols. Tunneling: A tunnel can be created to span an IPv4 region of the network. The tunnel can be configured to encapsulate IPv6 packets and send those encapsulated packets over the tunnel. Tunnels can be configured dynamically or manually:
6to4: A 6to4 tunnel uses a network prefix of 2002::/16 to automatically interconnect IPv6 areas of a network. Each IPv6 area is assigned a 48-bit IPv6 prefix. Manual: A tunnel with IPv4 source and destination address is configured, and each end of tunnel is assigned an IPv6 address and optionally configured to participate in an IPv6 routing process.

IPv6-over-IPv4 Tunnel Syntax


Command Description Router(config)#interface tunnel interface- Creates a virtual IPv4 tunnel interface id over which encapsulated IPv6 packets can flow Router(config-if)#tunnel-source ipv4address Router(config-if)#tunnel-destination ipv4-address Router(config-if)#tunnel mode ipv6ip Router(config-if)#ipv6 address ipv6address|prefix-length Identifies the IPv4 address of the local end of a tunnel Identifies the IPv4 address of the remote end of a tunnel Configures the interface to act a manual IPv6 tunnel Specifies the IPv6 address assigned to a tunnel interface

Router(config-if)#ipv6 ospf process-id area area-id

Allows the IPv6 address configured on a tunnel interface to participate in an OSPFv3 routing process

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