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Writing Paragraph Writing

The document discusses the key components of writing a paragraph, including pre-writing, choosing a subject, constructing a topic sentence, using controlling ideas, and writing concluding sentences. It provides examples and explanations of each component to help structure paragraphs effectively.

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Nor Narjihah
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1K views41 pages

Writing Paragraph Writing

The document discusses the key components of writing a paragraph, including pre-writing, choosing a subject, constructing a topic sentence, using controlling ideas, and writing concluding sentences. It provides examples and explanations of each component to help structure paragraphs effectively.

Uploaded by

Nor Narjihah
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WRITING PARAGRAPH

1. Pre writing
WRITING PARAGRAPH

2. Choosing a subject

3. Topic sentence

4. Controlling ideas

5. Concluding sentences

1. PRE WRITING
Includes the decisions you make and steps you take before write a draft. 3 major decisions:
Choose a subject that you know about and are interested in Choose an audience: elementary school children? A university professor? Decide on a purpose: what, exactly, do you want to communicate?

2. CHOOSING A SUBJECT
Narrowing subject to a topic. Move from general subject to a more specific topic.
Clustering

Ex: you decide to write about your arrival in U.S.

Clustering
Time and weather (describe)

Crowded (describe)

Got off the plane

ALONE AT JFK AIRPORT Tired (describe)

Old lady helped

Frightened Strangeness Didnt speak good English

Spoke a little Spanish

Didnt now where to find my luggage

Asked if I needed help

3. TOPIC SENTENCE
The most general, most important sentences in the paragraph. It:
Introduces the reader to the topic of the paragraph States the main idea of the paragraph Focuses the paragraph

A topic sentence can be:


A statement of intent
An objectives sentences that tells the reader what will be objectively explained in the sentences that follows. The writer will first give information about the topics and answer readers questions about the topic. Statement with appropriate questions that readers might expect to be answered in the next sentences. Ex: There are three steps in processing canned peaches. (what are they? Which comes first? Second? Third? )

A statement of opinion
Makes a judgment. Examples of words are interesting, bad, exciting, best, terrifying, difficult, etc. Ex: The most exciting pastime I have is climbing mountains. (why? In what way is it interesting?)

A statement that is a combination of intent and opinion


Give support for their opinions as they give information about the topics and answer their readers questions about the topic. Ex: There are three reasons I hate to write in English. (what are they? Why? )

4. CONTROLLING IDEAS
Words/phrases in topic sentence that need further explanations. How? By asking questions about controlling ideas. Ex:
Topic sentence of intent:
A characteristics of Switzerland is the variety of language

Controlling ideas

5. CONCLUDING SENTENCES
Techniques:
Summarize the material of paragraph Offers a solution to the problem stated in the paragraph Predicts a situation that will result/occur from the statements made in the paragraph Makes a recommendation concerning material presented in the paragraph States a conclusion to the information given on the paragraph

The Cold Front


Several signs can be observed before and during the passage of a cold front. The first sign of changing weather is the wind that starts to blow from the southwest. Normally, it brings into the area warm and wet air that makes us feel uncomfortable. At the same time, the air pressure decreases gradually as the cold front approaches. Next, in the northwestern sky we can see the penetration of high level clouds named cirrus clouds, followed by other middle level clouds called autocumulus clouds: these will be followed by thunderstorms that will drop snow or rain. This is the passage of the cold front itself. At this time, the temperature, which rose with the initial southwest winds, begins to decrease rapidly. Thus, the name describes what happens: a cold front.

SENTENCE BUILDING

Interpreting a sentence meaning according to its context

ASPECTS THAT SHOULD BE FOCUSED ON


Choosing a sentence to be used in communication Choosing a sentence pattern that is appropriate to its purpose

Sentence Types

Simple Compound Complex


These three types of sentences are used in writing in order to achieved those three aspects in sentence building mentioned before

Basic Elements of Every Sentence

SUBJECT

PREDICATE

Basic Elements
SUBJECT PREDICATE

Mary

plays tennis.

SIMPLE SENTENCE
SUBJECT

PREDICATE

Mary
one subject

plays tennis.
one predicate

Simple Sentence

Tom and Mary

play tennis.

Compound Subject

&

Simple Sentence

Tom and Mary

play tennis and swim.

Compound Subject

Compound Predicate

&

&

SIMPLE SENTENCE with compound subject

Tom and Mary play tennis.

SIMPLE SENTENCE with compound subject and compound predicate


Tom and Mary play tennis and swim.

SIMPLE SENTENCE with compound subject and compound predicate

Tom and Mary play tennis and swim.

Compound Sentence with Coordinating Conjunctions


SUBJECT
and

PREDICATE

SUBJECT

PREDICATE

Compound Sentence
Tom swims,

and

Mary

plays tennis.

COMPOUND SENTENCE:
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
FOR AND NOR

BUT
OR YET SO

COMPOUND SENTENCE:
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.


Clause 1 Independent Clause 2 Independent

COMPOUND SENTENCE:
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.


Comma before and in compound sentences!

COMPOUND SENTENCE:
SEMICOLON

Matt has benefited from his exercise program; he is slim and energetic.

Complex Sentence
SUBJECT
even though

PREDICATE

SUBJECT

PREDICATE

Complex Sentence
Bob
even though

is popular

he

is ugly.

COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
EVEN THOUGH WHEN BECAUSE ADVERB CLAUSES

UNLESS
WHEREAS

COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Bob is popular even though he is ugly.


Clause 1 Independent Clause 2 Dependent

COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Even though Bob is ugly, he is popular.


Clause 1 Dependent Clause 2 Independent

COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Bob is popular even though he is ugly.

COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Even though Bob is ugly, he is popular.

Compound-Complex Sentence
Mike
because

is popular

he
but

is good looking,

he

is not very happy.

COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE:
COMBINES BOTH TYPES

Mike is popular because he is good looking, but he is not very happy.

What do you need to build effective sentences?

Noun: a name of something


poster, table, George, Denbigh

Conjunction: a joining word and, but, with, although Determiner: specifies which one an, the, a, that

Verb: a doing or being word


jump, feel, be Adverb: describes the action of the verb smoothly, creakily, noisily Adjective: describes the noun huge, silent, vicious

An The A Each

green large quiet slimy strong energetic ambitious

bus snake mountain guitar girl monkey elephant elf

slithered dashed bounced hurried squirmed wandered

quickly slowly sneakily worriedly fussily cleverly

along through down beside past above under

a the that this another

lane mountain tree cottage caf school valley

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