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3lcomputer Graphics

Raster scan systems use a video controller to control the display device. The video controller accesses a fixed area of memory called the frame buffer. It references screen positions using Cartesian coordinates, with scan lines labeled from the top to bottom of the screen and pixels labeled along each scan line from left to right. The video controller uses x and y registers to store the coordinates of pixels as it refreshes the display by accessing the frame buffer. It can also perform transformations by changing areas of the screen during refresh cycles.

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53 views13 pages

3lcomputer Graphics

Raster scan systems use a video controller to control the display device. The video controller accesses a fixed area of memory called the frame buffer. It references screen positions using Cartesian coordinates, with scan lines labeled from the top to bottom of the screen and pixels labeled along each scan line from left to right. The video controller uses x and y registers to store the coordinates of pixels as it refreshes the display by accessing the frame buffer. It can also perform transformations by changing areas of the screen during refresh cycles.

Uploaded by

Karamjeet Kalra
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Raster Scan Systems

Raster Scan Systems


In addition to the central processing unit (CPU), a special processor, called the video controller or display controller, is used to control the operation of the display device.

Video Controller
A fixed area of the system memory is reserved for the frame buffer, and the video controller is given direct access to the frame buffer memory.

Video Controller
Frame buffer location, and the corresponding screen positions, are referenced in Cartesian coordinates.

Video Controller
Scan lines are then labeled from ymax at the top of the screen to 0 at the bottom. Along each scan line, screen pixel positions are labeled from 0 to xmax.

y max y max

Line Scan Line Scan

x max x max

Video Controller
Two registers are used to store the coordinates of the screen pixels.
Raster Scan Generator

x Register

y Register

Memory Address

The Basic refresh operation of the video controller.


Intensity

Frame Buffer

Video Controller
Some of operations can be performed by the Video Controller: Refreshing operation

Transformation (Areas of the screen can be enlarged, reduces, or moved during the refresh cycles)

Raster Scan Display Processor

Raster Scan Display Processor

A raster system containing a separate display processor (graphics controller, display coprocessor) The purpose of the DP is to free the CPU from the graphics chores.

DP

A major task of the display processor is Scan Conversion. Scan Conversion: is digitizing a picture definition given in an application program into a set of pixel intensity values for storage in the frame buffer.( scan conversion straight line segment, Character ) Generation various line styles (dashed, dotted, or solid)

Displaying color areas


Performing certain transformation and manipulation on display objects.

Random Scan Systems

Random Scan System


Graphic commands are translated by the graphics package into a display file stored in the system memory. This file is then accessed by the display processor unit (DPU)(graphic controller) to refresh the screen.

Raster Scan System

Random Scan System

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