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HW 2

The document discusses the history of gifted education from 1869 to present day, covering major figures like Galton, Binet, Terman, Hollingworth and theories like multiple intelligences, triarchic theory, the three ring model and hierarchy of abilities model.

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78 views18 pages

HW 2

The document discusses the history of gifted education from 1869 to present day, covering major figures like Galton, Binet, Terman, Hollingworth and theories like multiple intelligences, triarchic theory, the three ring model and hierarchy of abilities model.

Uploaded by

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History of Gifted Education

1869- Francis Galton


Hereditary Genius Darwins cousin Intelligence is related to the keenness of ones senses Evolution favors those with keen senses Sensory ability(intelligence) is due to natural selection & heredity

Alfred Binet - 1857-1911


Intelligence Tests

Created French test to identify dull children who would need special classes. Mental age- children grow in intelligence & a childs intelligence can be measured based on the intelligence norms for their age. Children who learn the most at a certain age do so partly because of intelligence. First standardized IQ test The scale, properly speaking, does not present the measure of intelligence because intellectual qualities are not superposable and therefore they cant be measured as linear surface are measured. 1904

Lewis Terman - 1877-1956


Father of gifted education movement Giftedness included the top 1% level in general intellectual ability, as measured by the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale or comparable instrument Forerunner of all other intelligence tests in America Supervised modification of Binet-Simon test Genetic Studies of Genius Series Followed 856 gifted boys ad 672 gifted girls, beginning in 1922 Children were labeled Termites Study revealed that: o Children allowed to accelerate based on intellectual potential were more successful o Family values & parents education are major factors o Students studied were psychologically, socially, and physically healthier than average students overall o Full results cannot be released until all students are deceased.

Leta Hollingworth - 1886 1936


Nurturant Mother Highlighted social and emotional needs of gifted Believed that the top 1% are gifted(IQ 130-180) Wrote first college text on gifted, taught first course Established gifted programs in New York City Taught gifted students at Speyer Elementary Used multiple criteria to identify gifted students, such as IQ tests, parent interviews & social/emotional maturity.

Sputnik Launched 1957


Fear of Russian technology lead to a refocus on gifted students. Total talent mobilization Tannenbaum Money & programs were added to schools in the hopes of training gifted young minds.

Marland Report 1972


Federal Definition

State of gifted programs in the US were pitiful Gifted children show high performance or achievement in these areas: o General intellectual ability o Specific academic aptitude o Creative or productive thinking o Leadership ability o Visual and performing arts o Psychomotor ability Psychomotor ability was later dropped.

Stanowski 1978
Outlined 5 categories of definitions of gifts and talents 1. After the fact definitions: emphasize prominence in a profession 2. IQ definitions: persons scoring above a certain point are considered gifted 3. Percentage: sets a fixed portion of the school as gifted based on ability scores or grades 4. Talent: focuses on students who are outstanding in art, music, math, science, or other aesthetic & academic areas 5. Creative: stresses the significance of superior creative abilities

Calvin Taylor
Multiple Talent Totem Poles The majority of students will possess special skills and talents of some type 6 original talents: o Academic, creative, planning, communicating, forecasting and decision 3 more talents added: o Implementing, human relations and discerning opportunities

Howard Gardner - 1983


Theory of Multiple Intelligences

Thought IQ tests were too limited in their definition of intelligence 8 intelligences include: o Linguistic o Logical-mathematical o Musical o Spatial o Bodily-kinesthetic o Interpersonal o Intrapersonal o Naturalistic Added wisdom(concern for the welfare of others)

Abraham Tannenbaum 1983


Giftedness taxonomy that answers who, what, and how Eight Category Model of Giftedness 5 Interweaving factors that contribute to Giftedness: o Superior general intellect o Strong special aptitudes o Supportive personality traits o Challenging and supportive environment o Chance(good fortune at critical moments) Gifted students will show promise but high level creativity & productivity is almost always an adult phenomena

Robert Sternberg-1985
Triarchic Theory 3 categories of intellectual gifts: Analytic, synthetic, and practical We should defined gifted as those whose behavior shows excellence, rarity, productivity, demonstrability and value 1986: Editor Conceptions of Giftedness 2006: Editor 2 edition Conceptions of Giftedness
nd

Joseph Renzulli - 1980 -1990


Three ring model Gifted behavior reflects an interaction of 3 basic clusters of human traits: o Above average ability o Task commitment o Creativity A student does not have to be strong in all 3 areas to be considered gifted Broadened concept Multiple criteria School wide Enrichment Model

Carrol & Gottfredson 1993(2003)

Hierarchy of Intellectual Abilities Three level, pyramid shaped model of intelligence o Top level: General Ability o Middle level: Broad Factors o Bottom Level: Specific Abilities

DMGT Model 2000


Differentiated Model of Giftedness & Talent Gagne o Gifts are natural abilities o Talents are learned performances o Environmental & intrapersonal catalysts help or hinder talent development

Ron Ritchart 2001


Thinking Dispositions Looked at thinking dispositions that composed intellectual character Three Core Categories o Creative Thinking o Reflective Thinking o Critical Thinking

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