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Exploring, Displaying, and Examining Data

This chapter discusses exploratory data analysis techniques for gaining insights from data visualizations. It emphasizes using cross-tabulation to examine relationships between categorical variables, which serves as a framework for statistical testing and efficient data visualization. The chapter provides examples of different data visualization tools like frequency tables, pie charts, bar charts, histograms, stem-and-leaf displays, boxplots, and Pareto diagrams. It also discusses guidelines for using percentages in cross-tabulations and includes examples of cross-tabulations with control and nested variables.

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PRIYANKA H MEHTA
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21 views23 pages

Exploring, Displaying, and Examining Data

This chapter discusses exploratory data analysis techniques for gaining insights from data visualizations. It emphasizes using cross-tabulation to examine relationships between categorical variables, which serves as a framework for statistical testing and efficient data visualization. The chapter provides examples of different data visualization tools like frequency tables, pie charts, bar charts, histograms, stem-and-leaf displays, boxplots, and Pareto diagrams. It also discusses guidelines for using percentages in cross-tabulations and includes examples of cross-tabulations with control and nested variables.

Uploaded by

PRIYANKA H MEHTA
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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17-1

Chapter 17
Exploring, Displaying, and Examining Data

17-2

Learning Objectives
Understand . . . exploratory data analysis techniques provide insights and data diagnostics by emphasizing visual representations of the data how cross-tabulation is used to examine relationships involving categorical variables, serves as a framework for later statistical testing, and makes an efficient tool for data visualization and later decision-making

17-3

Exploratory Data Analysis


This Booth Research Services ad suggests that the researchers role is to make sense of data displays Great data exploration and analysis delivers insight from data

17-4

Data Analysis

Exploratory

Confirmatory

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Exhibit 17-1 Data Exploration, Examination, and Analysis in the Research Process

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Exhibit 17-2 Frequency of Ad Recall

Value Label

Value

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

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Exhibit 17-3 Pie Chart

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Exhibit 17-3 Bar Chart

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Exhibit 17-4 Frequency Table

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Exhibit 17-5 Histogram

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Exhibit 17-6 Stem-and-Leaf Display


5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 455666788889 12466799 02235678 02268 24 018 3 1 06 3 36

3
6 8

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Exhibit 17-7 Pareto Diagram

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Exhibit 17-8 Boxplot Components

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Exhibit 17-9 Diagnostics with Boxplots

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Exhibit 17-10 Boxplot Comparison

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Mapping

17-17

Digital Camera Map

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Exhibit 17-11 SPSS Cross-Tabulation

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Exhibit 17-12 Percentages in Cross-Tabulation

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Guidelines for Using Percentages


Averaging percentages
Use of too large percentages Using too small a base Percentage decreases can never exceed 100%

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Exhibit 17-13 Cross-Tabulation with Control and Nested Variables

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Exhibit 17-14 AID Example

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Key Terms
Automatic interaction detection (AID) Boxplot Cell Confirmatory data analysis Contingency table Control variable Cross-tabulation Exploratory data analysis (EDA) Five-number summary Frequency table Histogram Interquartile range (IQR) Marginals Nonresistant statistics Outliers Pareto diagram Resistant statistics Stem-and-leaf display

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