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Bending theory relies on a number of assumptions which either have been listed on page 64 or arise in the subsequent proofs. In practical engineering situations the theory will have certain limitations depending on the degree to which these assumptions can be taken to hold true. Incorrect for initially straight beams or, for engineering purposes, beams with R / d > 10 (where d = total depth of section)

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51 views1 page

12 - Page 96 PDF

Bending theory relies on a number of assumptions which either have been listed on page 64 or arise in the subsequent proofs. In practical engineering situations the theory will have certain limitations depending on the degree to which these assumptions can be taken to hold true. Incorrect for initially straight beams or, for engineering purposes, beams with R / d > 10 (where d = total depth of section)

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vik03223
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78

Mechanics o f Materials 4.11. Strain energy in bending

$4.11

For beams subjected to bending the total strain energy of the system is given by

For uniform beams, or parts of beams, subjected to a constant B.M. M , this reduces to

In most beam-loading cases the strain energy due to bending far exceeds that due to other forms of loading, such as shear or direct stress, and energy methods of solution using Castigliano or unit load procedures based on the above equations are extremely powerful methods of solution. These are covered fully in Chapter 11.

4.12. Limitations of the simple bending theory


It has been observed earlier that the theory introduced in preceding sections is often termed the "simple theory of bending" and that it relies on a number of assumptions which either have been listed on page 64 or arise in the subsequent proofs. It should thus be evident that in practical engineering situations the theory will have certain limitations depending on the degree to which these assumptions can be considered to hold true. The following paragraphs give an indication of when some of the more important assumptions can be taken to be valid and when alternative theories or procedures should be applied. Assumption:
Stress is proportional to the distance from the axis o f zero stress (neutral axis), i.e. t~ = E y / R = E&. Correct for homogeneous beams within the elastic range. Incorrect (a) for loading conditions outside the elastic range when tJ # E, (b) for composite beams with different materials or properties when 'equivalent sections' must be used; see 94.5 Strain is proportional to the distancefrom the axis o f zero strain, i.e. E = y / R . Correct for initially straight beams or, for engineering purposes, beams with R / d > 10 (where d = total depth of section). Incorrect for initially curved beams for which special theories have been developed or to which correction factors t~ = K ( M y / l ) may be applied. Neutral axis passes through the centroid of'the section. for pure bending with no axial load. Correct for combined bending and axial load systems such as Incorrect eccentric loading. In such cases the loading effects must be separated, stresses arising from each calculated and the results superimposed -see $4.8

Assumption:

Assumption:

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