A. Birolini Reliability Engineering Theory and Practice Third Eton vith 20 Figures, 6o Tables, and oo xamplenProf Dr. AlesandroBiolini (eure o Prot Zak cna san snd ition printed dt ie uly an Relay fecha 1-50-6853 re. Springer Verlag Sei Heielberg New Yk EO SReTSotaeereg tea Heer ee ok Sk bette foe nae et enc nipunumed ate erecepcabensn Poon stag tte can SSD teoatelacatensraotreouacygea aes gtee Seabee tpl at poe of cat ‘2Tln Zn tip ec Vo wr Wale or pomrae wserSe 2 Semple taba te, ‘eo ra nym pe te mn hi penn Siomnpacinlreinpiacactnaanenteerpertes “rating amen is in ei Pia rt ae ie Se Preface Rly eget ia py evn cpt, hn uo doy ‘St aval of component, egies aa yeas wll a sppor figment and procter nig neato on ‘To becom ond tne cies, laity eoerig hast be corde ih {ays stts, fe pose with Tul Quit Miwaemen TOM) Semple ase ssn flare ae nd fre made mae ae te esac xy inte eee de pee yin dine Fly, mainly, ad sla gut a wll by exeive devon ‘ent lr poston, ulfraian on ype sey ent ‘Stuy area erp be ber nthe vo poe pres endo he esto an noted i sue ee tye Fra ‘Goce aan eee ves a aed. hw ce te Feces canbe te espa leptin uy, nog psi yor te wel Stee in pea min rl ig spe ua “Ts tok pees he ealshea of mali ngoetin,hkn ery endprcice, Nis tse on ore 2 ea expe of he ats el al ‘atch warn ny nal Pes eels mpg a TH {Shs Fedor ate ehnley Zc). lowing Chap wc ae comet ean emu tk depo eaten fo at | tine tive cal and lay uaranclmanapenen of oes ph {eon nod bok aratacin elon se pe 1. Coes 20 el ih ey, may ad sai nates ‘ean nh ambi o pace ps in Che ekton ml afin fe pr 5 or ly, aa ‘routine. Tn pat ese he tn hw bul pra ite oul denote rity, naa, an ada. 2, Aapendies Al AS del wih einen, sada, ed pop ln fo ‘yan ea sure fc epee nd Ses Tapa ‘Sorts mh proj and uly tree mes dee (penion pc) ar lrg,2 pedir: A510 AB ea ous iain ebay ery, occ fee aml since. Ths pot gs he memati ounsnon ea) Terchipis2 6 at pete se abs eer wh Chae) ee etd nd oe apse ich 4 a hey ere coer {ang of relay, maa. cavity eer fe ow UP ‘reat meio ot rns» pete ah, mecca pen spy sy upto i ct whch pee ved Wiegencrave ib a imum nue of repscraton ster (Cape 6). The ove fh pit wy ot steady ae 8 mae in Se ‘Xie ection of he eligi arr en Aged A). Apron thaw carats fo te ey ad sei of copies pie tee sp eee ed sr td Te tel rnin Sl at one tl (Andi A, Char (open A)" Mets nd os ort sels and gain leon) ‘Spins ai asemBer re penned itch (Chops 3 at 8) Deen (Pins or rey sali ad stow qy wll a checks {eden rier cued ently (Chap 5 gph). Ost opi ‘i scones rsd epee (Capes ta 8). Asp of ey ‘dca aneacet wl sn ay angenent ems ted (hapne an, Appentces AD AD) My ese pvr ene {eat Men I pce rene eam te ato ‘Suc ronan dad i pod 7a Cooper an ao ‘esa msg te ny ay of fd rt te ‘sai ste van dara pei oti wei appar “he bobs verved or any ja (German 197, Springer me ‘Signin dy. The bane oan (Caples 25 i a din ‘Ghpur,1,610bstoldbeny 9 decuodun fever enmetng ere "Tar bn a tl pel eso fb ok Quy and Rey of Tednal Spon ed 199, Spring i in wo be 4 cotibeon 4 ‘Sint opmental Toe sonnet may ends sd Be apese operon wih Sige Ver ae ptf aod ae Lago Zh J 199 AesandreBit Contents ap hi a igh tne 1s gi {Sr rey ‘Gly aay Ar kn oe pet Ss Soe ny snc nse ED eon Bi ge 2). meget ope oe a 325 tbigelomiermene2s mye 2) pence tn ty See eg gon 5 Shoot : aoa on a He Reece 2 : eS a : EE Saito > etme Compete : HS BReseemmmetrace Seo i elas eeciga ines : erence ih Rae e ieee oe : 2 She Ff en e 2 gy ey : 2 Sec ee ae acc 7 9 inner aoe : a 2: Sicmecenen i = oon, ae ae La aaa 7 “534 Software Quali Cinch Mosel ete oa a ie et tit Sit Rite bites Cement i ia ee 2 tae mre ecw (621 Ones Sucre New a Tie 120. eee = eae —— serene a i 26 Beet eee z ee ee a Seen, 2 < 9 Soha 2 foo 2 ee 2 cee = fo eae a 6 ee cere 2 bey iomr f O e ecm = Se eee re en 7 scence at acme, 3 en el iiisenmeernsia, 8 eee ae Sf sinliatndnerterean roi a 2 oem ee $ Ste 7 2S ote 7 eyes ele a fii cnatee es cee nna(67 Amine pio ea est etn 3 Ape a ce aatthcagtaae SG ican x in tn 63 eet net te ing aero nce ho he ie 7 staat Quay Contd Rb a Sir” amt yp ‘Sons py lei ey 73a oslo oe 223 See ew 213, Ort Seng Ps ei Deca yp 12 Sat aa Tn 22 aia yr ie TSI" tomepooe SRREERRUEYS URURESE RE UHR RE REESE Pierre pets oisensiten: 12 tn tay tet ponent a epi ns ee De Me ‘ein aint ead Rey een fan ay ay agin es ay Rr. Semester te Dn ter See ee Pty Bes erin eo (Caton tee yan erent uy a pig Sn aay Contre nv Poy gee ‘Stull nip te soe Vhs fai 610 ash actin ae ay Ante ‘idea er ‘emer ate arene = ent Pc Ty nde Sattar Pen sehen eeu sds pagaesscebee bashes ey He Stetonaesee 22 ere [= eres i —— Sr ae b RbSeEQDESRSS senaRe HReliability Assurance of Complex Equipment and Systems Ine and nto ret ha eons ea. ‘dione and routines ig ness lai ‘i ony sues sete, Ie agree wh Tt Quty Management| {TOM and Comers incr er Ti care ba oer ‘ep erty isu it an eect) guy sd rey (enle Arrendcs Alte AS us mance oder he ae | (ty anime pe TOS LA Introduction ate ioe aye wre deme io have ees eae when he lm cone wa nat Ee odo tema fares te ee Je ie mute. Te going one of epee as wel ‘erp nes eet eed byl of open and man ee ong oe aw ets lab, mai. vay, sy. Te epeion ay ha compe que an poems went i fee rm nes an yet flrs sine 1-0 (wer fey pt ‘frstn, bas pera he ogi ie flr fre foe tine SEA overs wean of eter «given il pratt i Salve eoeg sna prin of ie cnn be nly mnweed Bes ote ba ofa congscetet Esc shows ht oly probly or2 ao Quy liye of Ch Bean see arene an gen Tisbury of he e's reliably ‘beep a allows: 1m satay dal ens are pa to operation tne 1-0 te er en msn and Vn of he acon cel Hen ‘alain in conn mle whch canes or cewtig he ree of he rei pen 811) Peformance parent wl eb, mimic, avail, 2 ‘af vet bla an tom ‘Td hs, tt of este ego, ‘Sugars eves tt pte ng a Weel par of tem onser For camplesoqupnes nd syns. tae ave ae be ‘earn by «gut and ela asirance poral ei he oe att Qliy Magen (0), betes ir 1.2 Basic Concepts ‘his secon cde tet pct concept ed i ably egieig “on shs te enip o aly arto snb TOM (Apne cong i Sion) 124 Reliability Felis charceeo t. exes by he prabaiy ha e kon pets gue oon nk ven condo a at ier [is gemnly ipa by FP quae pi of ve, ela can be ‘dt ay of one to rena con Raby pects se Pry hr no operation nr wl ce args ele ter “Tiss aot mene ha anda pry al oh puts a ad Ye repo concep of lly th ape to onreptrate ae well "parolees ae Che 2 an epee). Toma see met ‘Stone frst eg, R=00) masta bescomgnil yh den (te rege onto, operating onan a min tn 97 Ingen alo ipa ok wht othe am an Be cored “Seems fmol or acta ani of ia complexity (compan, Seve. ose. eapoet bye, sysem) canbe chee 12 bac 3 serie (A634) (A596) a (4697, ‘he we me irae ave depen onl one hen pening ‘lian Fo emcees devices expe sont for exp ha he Tale of dools fran opentg tempest scene of 1010 20, a ‘ecuador ir edn segved led ‘Schl sees (Tie 23) Type fresh ae 10 1 1079 for longed 107 9 1-8 ors. "Ye cnc of ere reo apples oben age net th epidintig 12 anbecbiined fen moe124 Maintenance, Malntainablity Montene defi eet of artes permed nem retain itn Imttenonce (aid et pede ns and acting To psd oceiues inprcutrto race wet fs) ad crete mana (Gedo ar ecopn dn pth ens te nh ‘naga peor eid). Covecive mune also ome ts pe tan cade ny al oe Flowing sp: eli latin ‘Ste lah te ga wich ain in ten pre) anéarqeyafereich macnn. Thr sung a oh ale "anit chr a tm, ps ye prob hc vn mata orp oe ei poe! whe ine ‘esl gen procelrer and resus sd lee rset lbenno an tem fo be eine ino sored peed fie The expected vale (ea) of ine dense HP ean ee ‘Sree maanee fy MITPU cain penne SStseetace), Oles wed france ao MAUR (ean ne bee ‘Schad emovs). Mum hare ul es cooler eumento ‘ses ding the ei and deveopnst pa by ping aed etang ‘ence omer Oo ana maine oat ‘eld ire depends on the cote nsalation of the eugmento system he ‘ete (Jeol aera) vl frien ne ae 128 Logistical Support Less sppr designs al sts undeahen to provide fictive ad conosco fan tes dng apersing pe To beeen, ogi ‘Spy shold be inept ite meine concep fhe es der irae eee pec rete rn el at ss ly yt ngs bmn ‘pect lo asueitcchaneniey Sig eel wel He wie ‘npranep Sundae nt dson bi popes (1.7) 1 alec ° 4126 Availability Pam nay character 8 ee desig PLD xed 1 oe pray tte te wl pt guia tn lt ier ed feted tan of me eos ave pl ae, ole ay {tbe dns te abi em por eed monde en ‘enlton rated instant of te ee deny then en ae “avy ello oly ec teal apn aman {ocr Sho be conser sion sty sed mai. el ‘mun an lope! port condos ae tne aun. dng he fer aay Far moyen, tn Chae Saray eared mie of tine salty. Father asungn fe elson me Contos orien an opi ero he ple eee thee lst Sgr is argon alte ech pa) Tigh to stat he oak lay PA) conwerpe ply tbe ada au (680,637) Pa a) Phat the aye va oft eet aly (AA or sty A fo traabay) expen oe xe! Ye ea) oe perce ef he ie (ing whch be em proms teu ino. Depntng em he Seon tease cer pee alain te end (Sen 62) Te canes (ry an be epi lacy nis aos ae ean ee 12.7 Safety, Ris, and Risk Acceptance See ity mension or sei a ere he lowing to pe fy we ee ates an eral Serta ny won er ra pu tani Tp le pss Tract neti aa yw ad ‘ey a yet. Wie sy ere ns ese wd ‘ow a tet be ugh fo asf theese «fare Gi ee ‘evo ely esac ea meso wih ase or ei ‘Seon ner fae, Many el wl mt sh ce te eft erat ium stone om etopee, s ‘hey eel of ant tar pendence on he uber of prod lay Cline Honore ees nae eae aly con ney 78 ‘Sone exe he compl fey ete ldo aia pris orClty ead teens of (ci af ae hf ik i mans enn erik gk say ad i cet (120 2 SETH" Rat pee we yowrly rfp a eo Bese In clone Cooperation ewere ence, pyle pices to Bed conan ‘tiom loconenetal ges. An prope wing even prokly (f orc nd fet coms) a sen sles pera The Stine rece fever poses Ale mec onside Secret ce (acti, ne & hm, ha) selects Cocos, Sheed pl eles deste of sx ac. Saal len spp (i curement, Ho, sth be bare os bangers baa pope {sim nln Enon, epee shor th be eon one peso cm ‘owe eescnle infu ifeaes sho are othe ean of a ‘ewan yam, Conic kn oie (he cf ately ita and ded, he wh Sree [peahy frp snl cy evo np ee pang pot eape™ maptl- opt. aan Equation (1.1) follows foo he inom divbaioe sad he Finon ‘eprocinion (6 120) and (86129) With np= yg ath ‘Sen which oe sumer he cient ec set eal (Te ‘St by om nner ons co) wth ae re yu, ar Seiad eensdy at yy ee ye hy Th bce eae fm insipnne Poison oes aan Poin procs (xang6 17 ad Spey na hoe ntl Ph eno Pr np 20 eth an ‘Ako by suas eatin of he vi ccarene pei po fe ‘te yon egies in he foe til enemy te ep rte ks fy fo tcp te sped fps technologie oer ihr ott gn ey reco pa wi ee ne Inte conert etn peter devon proces it ed o fei ‘nin we pre otc a ee so hemes ad se commun A ng danger for Tia a ‘ened pol es de ot er fs god ele fr ah 1 mecca u 1 sano (12 (997). Keawing tty Behave rms rk {ees cammancan eater lao at ak te fe Stem comiee il deste Pryce pps an eo ‘Sit comma terece al poled E245 128 Quality ay sano ony te way fens a cane of a i {ron rv) tare ay ity erp ets Ta ‘ani prea dace abaee of scouting fr abjectvesn ‘Stee sr al crac em A Suave fn esha proc can eee sgh cory tons, 12.9 Cost and System tectiveness pelt roc cnet inter. Ts inp bet shes ‘ong oe cn ectenes pent Fg. Ca ete ‘Sires, fi bo pure meter ieee otra rs ee ‘RireouryatenefecieesFom Big 13, opalescent lo preity (clase term fr salty pertomaace a ioe ‘Ste. Gulty eancr sweden he at quay moagemet reroM Araiown is Fig. 12, he Wc 00) bs of he cons or agen opersing. mann md Soper fe For cong se ger ray in gel ede shh sgt at nl lowe operas te sequin cnt ce tzu fr 4D 115 of he eye cota ‘econ ple he fo, Me ye com wile ao ‘Scout cet sn fae age oon ce! ye proton fe and pol of arte Lilet ot opm ely pes ‘peste and alt wide Ge fameweck of ort ectvenss of tne ‘einer anh psely teed by snc ening 10,1 SH) pe a stow ta example the afecnce of he net ee ‘yi ay pr em cantor sys a fre ‘Seas of realy, mail, nd ipl appr fr somes ‘one (22946) Tole eel to fone Beale124 Malem Qty ary Arman Con Bam ne ome Lt ocr ei ged ehh djepaypaty Searels nero Samm tegen cheer ye (iitgiticnsostmuranwsnepnt arctan hemes Taetatanonstnnent rena esata mag pcos Ecker wears re (Tc matte nd tan pens AS ak qin Uo harnbwape set Repay segs eee sa Satan steve nofjecors a» cor $un-falijeocors own cyan ei Sire cn 1h anon Salfltomrt os ‘et an Gy ad Gp pin td yng eine Tears sovoy ne eps Wi sn conde ove a eal 10 otis for eget te cn) ef be a put Cy igh cal pring eT ‘ici ue rand cP ConA" Gg a9) 1a (110, fee 2 ge he man afte nee fies ee 7 alan). Tron he cst te ving stn expen mn Cf te um ote Cnt fr guy such or mo eb ‘Sim oat pe space Cast 966 9 sn = OM Teg #449 (AT vee 4 ence uty, rai, om cee manne, pm Peete (Ihnen: opie gprs of vote od etc. MTBE and Ody nse — eer ee Catena pt nr i iy od ‘iy munca tape Wed Sopris (Geter Gays use ef ay1 mses Qty aay Ante Cong Een at st yom ean ne eee aes te este eral al Buy tee 00 wip ne of Try), Te al rs oping ee {eae emer ot ade es cove Ca eine Id Cy Ge Co, Cpr le St or ual esc nd oe ‘Sone of iy epee nt og sap fiely can ge and egw the con prep, downeme ho (eed By [Ee nn ee cee nt ipo menue rt incedin spe eenve mason ttn acne 04). Tet fret i (1) veprment prt of apo at i te es te difered os cern ing fl person, A mae! roves ln Css og C1) wa loge in [22 (80) 9 suing CC, (Ca es FMT Oty Ts ga em pres no wes (arn af iw cou el (1:17 aa otf he velo Men af he pot gets by meg evi s By = ONO, MINA IMTNg fone MT NETH n= MTP METI, a8 Sprang ay oie be af sts he weed teget ee coe quan A per ap are caw os ssumed betes he ala Ge som i eh he pec at (Gua a te cose! qua he ol fie, of Sie ti (Om ct sed alter m1) To folowing reasonp ete he es tin deve Sacre the Fl mdb Gy Gy Wa a Gar “ au) ‘afin fr ect Cat nan of eal yy a Be sister genty Cyt 4g gt i PE gh 6a Sh “Therein cont CC sen nig 14 aie by ving Cy eva Cy ‘ied fom Ba, (130) wih all g, = Evieasve alee wih fire values {em Gy ty Fe grand he sa at eae C1 Cy ety moray seins th parmee eset) ee Ceca ore Sen tie a Ce ty a ne ey tytn pen cng ar a ea oe pe ‘a te at ei yh ey el tiny veer one 12.10 Product Liability Proc alist ns ona mac rd) et compen {eros rod ny to person, mel dara eer seep (Seneurcecaued ys Pot en). Toe maa a tsp ele ‘perseal mode fr Opn To om prod i thon [Buc harder en, Fata, olga eens ed rode ay {he erm defcive proact owed inseadof age or ole produc Respombie a» posit Shi eeim ae all hose pope vad ote dpm, poco, ml al fhe roi, sve spe. Basal, ab apis he matte emote poet a fm det)" Tos ts pn te USA bao prily In Earp {1,113,119} Aoweser in Bure cua enema te. eine dead ye wr "Te ine of rc ny ciao ah USA, $0 1980 andonerene milion eR) cm ied y sacs At ‘ton for vc 4 sha alla he pcan o US gl presiuree ofiertion menaponnt (Secon A335) td fy nae oon 0) ‘aul ne pared void pod iy cla Th tae ere st 5 owen nly rg lan seri an16 1 snaceang Qty ntti cin Cag pat Sar Historieal Development Met nd ctf guy sss ely nerve een (Sreustle Tae] aes he a spe Faw dps the baste daribion of the five fot wera any owns nity egierng rng hp fine. Became 9 ‘aha pogo mitsouuni, Sonesta a rd feelers (Reb setae gare gay ees bp raat ‘na ena cpt a ys SST cay we spam inte pon wa Tes | ‘roy canner ine ‘Src coe cn cent, Cor ai | Sickle Satay Peto | ‘htteuiseriom heme nif eis seastgcicd gaye roe Set ae at mal Siwy, Deg smd seen ms alr | EIN oe cn dep a open | ws 70 St aoe tne cil inet nso Teno ot nmin ppc ora eng DSc cay rae" sea no rene Teo ee a err sna aces rin sis ee uy en ay 1.3 Quality and Reliability Assurance Tasks for Complex Equipment and Systems apne stows te devlp an pot of amples spend ‘ene wh speed rey, ty. vay an ey gen ‘rata peti quit eve oly poste hen specie aries se Beomed ning al icy pases of am ued Tague ees {Sere pases tr compe que an yen aso nda et tod cups ox ps (oop of» Ge nse respond whe apt Ft nex pase, post and reccing me cnapealy cpa o ‘Sveum compte depo ands) "he mat ks gay an ela src of ees eupmenta ‘peers we ised Tate 12. seal Tale AS? far ea ek ‘Sigmnen marx Depa Tabe 1 i tne ag te ipl ‘hss oe we saree peel Nays nt ve ee ‘syns aod mt hele econ. telco {io a be sue of tne sie lent cone mcr ‘ngiering._Wibin poe aso Tae £2 mtb eed pee ‘orci uly ad rity cnarne program. Theo of ox pop ‘Wasco Apes A stag wh Tae AD whe pen etd ern ws tied nee184 econ Quatre Cnet pm ye ‘12 sta ity iy te fone oe ve Seth etree ee wmrencemeent,, TTT GH, CoRR eetetee {ty sn eh in ua a i ate eee Shey ayn 2 Sem tute renga A spect tenn tpt tn ok cope Posen 2 ay a ar te "squat "6g nt Peeing yee sca ment nn pis lt Ay), 13 quate nro Coe nd nme a = =o oS SS = a Tm re Liye seni 1.4 Basic Quality and Reliability Assurance Rules use one conse St 13 els in Apps A), he rales fer qty andrea sure epi ih rapt oe anne ‘et hag al usa cn nnd 1 ay sty a heath iy oy apy te ear 2 tie ogy nd laity sans shea perormd snl "outa ape pass on Sefenen opeang ase > sos chang se pret manager ore ening he plot pron Inve nih oT 432) we TOW aden eee epoch 4 Quy nt ret ace aie bul be mre by ase ‘ql aa eb mse dearest (QAR). i expres ely ‘a ps pes (17d Te 82) + eta uty and iby arc depart ate he rae204 ae ym ih Ae Cae pp Ste 25 molly Ma 45, To omit the monary ndpedece, egy sed eliity arcs erent bal ret ety te peta ee.) ig ced OA dri comptes mnt ur 7 swe a xpi wich ember save Ar eto ‘Phe Ab2, wget of guy aed tality rnce ts told be ‘Ri ssannc dprien(QBRA Pi sdb ess for "grat eas i ik a iM i | i t g + Seopa a operon of be a nrg Se aa enon = + stan ny ety eens a ean em ee, ‘eaandacepans ine ‘Th cena ety departed wo sal ai) toronto ape ages) emer ad 6 ‘esl mgover compan, poe upn ena Se pos i iment 2 i d i 7 a ia i ‘met - eta ere Pg ty eng pte221 sae nya Paty anf Ca ma Se ‘et ema cP ety in on meetin ane] Me 6 Corb ep Re 1S emo Magne a L5 Elements of a Total Quality Management System, As se i Secon 13 a LA many of he sk aalated h uy srrance nthe sce sno of gully anges at per TOMD. at ‘merely nate indo in mpc Sr ine ‘Shi ston ees he one for a ogassid "pet i pacar te toe seeps ad profane led ‘civ, cutibte abate poet pass and ang ile! company ‘epumens nang depen, pie), mist eed. Ts ese ‘othe ome of gol exarncew epcte aig 13. sore to none he con of he unt tse ales sete gp ne sion he flowing set 1. Confewaton Monaenent: Poet tw ape, dee, ma, nd ‘eee cog ef im at wel eto cel ing miei Sr enngs(oguin ibs af Hens econ ed pe ‘hari min nh Soteaon ad pent edo Sottar). Cotgwaen management one port tol fr gas ‘sive dig te Serene pase. Wir bed sn cefgwatan enantio a8 acon (Append A323) Aig sf cofactor sgn rin 2 Quay Ter Test ey whether ee os epee gi ‘nes Quy ess nde cig ets a we gain 3, ‘Pofcton ety an mcopance es Taya ove! ey mal Diy, ad maley pect To be cow teste, qa foes mit be ecru alo es nd seni rae 4 Quai Contra Daring Prodi Conmalmectrig ofthe potion oc lproceesin crea aed gli of acy “4 Duty Da Repring Syme spe l,l, deem ‘tet an sc srering Sing pron nd tet of ne ‘vel a to crated etc he oon guy ell dat Sicko is esl mtr sed Amlas fle nde ‘st be aed te eau in re 0 erie bet coe ae ‘Sees Yo au peion of he sae rte, ely ily de ‘eying ste sb oman eS the opening pn 18 ‘kee 12a 13. “Te catia manage of te ext om he dfon pase ‘alo hh epson hia acme es ‘ies. prc tame, come Someones A ‘AB. Quay as tpn eB prope gulf ss pros ‘es Chg, 8) The cnc gy ta eporig shA sue can Goya tay set swe fn p18 Ge Aen AS for siege) Tobe este ‘Sinan sepa y's syd eporing sim mat be correc frum ovine, and na coat form. Ta show (oa sun) ats ‘Soni as fr eid peed ent b's PCB eae, 1.6 Quality and Reliability Assurance Handbook ‘Te gai and estiiy surance yt abe ete in opts handhootsoppone by he comer) tagenest The eta (SeaTac pear yc nd inate lowe epee. Sicha eibeot seen aay amon tnd Cpe 2). To a 1 eet die rss compen eet rjc no SSM a tof manor eee al afc ein te 1s wef subi ancook no es prs: Cer! ldine ond Procedures ne peo shame), Detaled Cues an Proce Ghoate te secs wth car fa inforsive paras ny) and ont it toed te sey oem fe a es rcpt orooced The illowng an ean fee foe he ftp fulton clay sean tbok form company rng ples equi ond ems nh high rah, manna, aaah nd fer opr ‘Ger iy 1 congue + Opamzninl espe a 2. ijt Onion 2. Gun nd Rea Asse gra Peper a ae {Deven pn = Poton pe 1 iy ay em 2 4 Rati Eogieing Datla 1 Scena geo of component nds 1 ale enon + fe tc ese 1 Fale saline ste Deen eles + Logit sep 6 Satay Bagincg + Sifeytes 2, Quay Aawemnsehtnageent O Cotgwaten magne + Qa eae + uty com dig proton + Gali area aes 1.7 Motivation and Training on een gaya ety sce ca ny be ated Heer Senna wo TOM end pce a Table AD oo tpi betes once, oto ond ring Pog cnt ete. Fe 19 om ES 22 Pn Rly of Sp em ig Se a 225. Reliability of One-Item Structures | one-tom omg) at chine bye dao econ iyo) of tee opting te relays RO). oat foi er (7. ey (8628) eo) Pr et, ) =P 1h=1 =. es, O21 ifn cy sumed. The eget ale oun) of te ene ‘pein ie ested a MITE can ane fae a be eu eh sere =e = Ja c yaton (27 a9 ingore onsip. i ail ely fr 8 nee sac, bu sel ora tem fay cole) a MIT il eee capa lt (ender sane frst snd eat ehipret neato ee cmd) sas an Ferhat (27) I (xan 710 ‘Dunes (29) ad (210) stn hte reenact i et ee 1-0 hie of mre some spent pasty of fae fee ocr Garg emer er he cain tt he eo: as ey fered wihot fale fr time tits fore P=. Thit gant Se = ‘Sota ply Snips Ry) ander se (46.291) rutmy beret Rian) = Pri tong 12 = REED og am Rs) Foe Ma) =As Hy (1) nites oF, 2.10). Ta moms proper ec ab whoa fare, WH ey xeon he ea S805 smiinchewe 226. Reliability of Series-Parallel Structores aon ep ani ene pee wg ere tase score ev otored in bs Sn (Ges eh of bio Benin Sebo 23). se 22 Pont Myo me re wi ° 2.261 tem witha Rtundasy ‘ably So dan cms te es comeine ofall ements (Bf Ee) Stem (Tbe Free pres Hoe sued heh emel perteranipdely Eon ery her met The con Sse sate. a eas he fre ie ae sane he eis fener clon bene crn 4, lene wots wit abner, “Tepper iy aon Rf helene te Pgh =P >= an “Theta le de 90 i th nea (0.2 oy whe af eee TB etl ae du 0.1) aw ean inthe filowig te nde Swami el pen) sod org en Fy ys aoag ewe ‘epic felon ig (ASS) or elaine Bs) naoefean ax frre en 293.5 woeSoo a1 pation @.16 ea ote llorng ington Th fle rte of an om equpento m) wit red hat enfin len ua ese fare te of “ee teats men tne fare fons mE (28). Te spelen Wh Micenenrhve conn fare 3,0) =P es © rso-35- 5s an2262 Concept ot Hedndasey ‘only be reached with the ep of reduciany. Redundancy is the exec of mone ftmonc mess peemng ssue stn ns ies Resor 3 90 cps dumm nt he ey {anes reomdae elements ll be relies (Sepred ed prac) (ndepondety to ech terme bef ma es ‘fe ey pen para nyt ae None hich ube pt ors ean a9 FMEA i ee) ftnoon x rds eras Fo te orig pt fe oe {fsbo ine at 8 ena Ave Roddy pale) Rend ser) deme we uct fmf tx othe same oad wera Sloe oa shar pone Gone 233, fa eh oe te he sae as noe Atom Reany (okt ones Renin leon ae subject to 2 Toner bad ofthe eprint, nad hr so pose (Seok 233) flue eet ower ne pein 2 ny Randy sl hd) Refunds clement au m0 tec ne vse Oe 3 eget ond rte wih indepen lenin ative tinny at Jnvesiadneetonr 2283 0234, Ans wor al sty ely, Sel cu wich fae fan een ass fn om oe fa ar elon a shri for ssl) a ie in Seton 2.38 and ‘Gaps gears =O) 2263 Paced Modes 1A pwd model cons of» (ie wey et) eens in ace ‘ony af wich tte cen pro he eed ft 08 te ‘Sovning tt ae aco, Soc sso eae 0 howe ‘ely sho own en rcv omer fie oe eh cv out of 2 reddanc ie ia ‘pei in le) Toe goed fasten aid it les oo of 22 ed aay Sp Ste ie “s Clements Bc rk whut ale thee (0.1) With i ae bomion fer (219 allows at Ry(O= lq Ug) =Pll Peel a a Asmmig ht Be lene Fn fy net fl mpd oh es, {21 yal forthe reir octoe RPh see EAS) (A, Rs(0=Prigh +e) Pal Pen} = B+ Ra) RYWRGE. 219 “heme se feu 7; cand cope fo 28) Te es ee ‘ew drt clone sir) Hg)" a sory, Boa. aan evra am ane Lown rennet eo deme (Oki) ty = Rows tom eeu Fre oma ran Epa a) By ocig P= HOD sto (eon am yl ca email she abby of bers ‘Rewcll el wih oR) The mee tine w ue ITH corn ‘om 28). Fer la RU} lows Benatar ant ametaetenh amy einem 7 shown 2) 23 tse sh ae ‘repaint tpn of opto yen wel shower Ws Sede 72 temic omst? atany,ree fo Scr pan Fe 65 nh 68) Homer own ge Inve of ny tao cy ney i tran ec nen eae cp ‘ver spr te ern Shas er 6 Pa frocrpamn co) Iacono ney deed 222 stent cryin eta ens nce ane me con ay an ae ‘sents eaens les ny ec rs tal a«6 2 ety Anse pn re (noc with mth = Ecmeefse eeen Demonn aay, aw wih da) for Sak, glaay=O for o2n—ks and gas To-iiewalab-be.ceglasmst-Ubenst) ober [234 238) Fovctmpla = Sd ka yt 9 22) y= Basa msi0r oR sett 6,228) Wee aSRO- Wet UAPOR ORR RE 25) samp of onetne Hout sites a conveying pts and lg Sion, Hamer fr tae Kinds of pcb rn oad be ven te ‘efeic ote ssmpsn tt sl See ae nepnde (on ree 22.64 Seater Srcturs Seep ste an einer anagh scsi ef te rex ‘ences ant pr sce, Thien paar eo mooreprable ens \Sotecne redone) wl pede! omen To dence epoca, Var comix a Tate 2 22 si ea Bp Spr iaSale © aap: Toe ees sees By, By Ey eval by Fy, Fy 2 FB, tn Bnd Fo le (ge + Bee 2a Teo fed Hy ed Fy seedy i, ing Hep wm mae nto Ftp and 2, erally cio ee fina Re RIMe MRR AR RRR R HKG 20 eh Ry = Rl) and RAR, 9 RH) BUORGL ‘The mean ine 1 ate ce cms fn 2 wie R() ar (2) Sula events hme nome tar (0 Ah ee gl meth ADA eatin eh nb Pte hake kye hy aan Unter te senpons of tv ens. indeest lemeny 6 ep ‘rn nea cons alt, te lay enon Rg) ae sci ey = aes fen fens Ry) 2 Bp (228 (227 er a le "Tee of reindony ingests are soma ih any ck nga sich sn scout jr hae ema he ‘ea cee cee oe ene asin he se ated. fee Examse 25} ote slairoching fasion, Fo deh ‘inet snp ele ee fhe eer emt he of lansing 24 and 39 al chs eset oe Ide roca wh con fare as, depend let tne Fesindany cn be ssed In Pip 2' toon sce comet yh fre a 2) eng wit ewe wday i acs eee* 2 iy Ai te ge Pe 25 ay nite i pea » Vile sacar cetinet seme: a ™ “ e 72 connate cei ert, Speers ee sen = SS ee eS2 1 Ant Dn ean Pe (ene, wie ae 3) a Fs. 29. ot 2 eon ih ere ee neue ahh ice wch wold be chan 31 wea itadey forcement Ey hs seceseheent By wold bee a ony er grhy <2 te ag ces hy Az Rr a 2808) a3 have an bea ose ol) The dees we Ten shen ck seecteey Tupper p of Firs 28 and 29 det he ‘Shay factions eee Tower pat fhe raon TE /MTF ond Ta ures renecvey Te somunvtwen ene 2) oe, 28 ad ae ES gen o MTT MTT cP 28, shows» Mth mee cane Tea hw igs bt and £0 loing sien pein ce The re te of he seri ome onepile i se Fie Tsar ene bide unt be lager ton 1% of he Fe jhe redo semen he 0% rae apts a fore (aie i 20h Le toyz <0 eam ‘he vegan af fe ace gna Figs 28 and 29m he eae ce (an ysis santot rep) ets Seine 66 4 me seve se aera pwr andy 080, for wh >30), 5 Fa. eras 2265 MajrtyHedndaney cere ts cng ae fo os voter who ong renee the cas ae Devi mgt opal To vegan aed va revo Tee pocet fr ener! actin cfr vale he eo = tee ey aot 3 oe ihe vo) iene in ot see ye slaty ean) risa ery ple fooler pee anh neta oven lense ee srieed wttuut cpio wel econ ee ei he ae wll ces be mney the ajc ene). Te oer mary aay a teaming ABD doe ree RAND TALieTaa Aner ens cane nga it etme EXO and etre apa MAND ue, oe Bang 23 ames ce ay anny he ne raat ef ‘snr hn ns Se | Sic dy Ot een tate teers teen fe sen “eos ed HEHEHE f habe AT ESzeateimeuanen tee eaeTinea a a ce oe eal riper eigen ein pov eae, be pid 1. Seley on A et deh ale a he i ‘oewsne nny ey mc nero fl be ‘Sn ng Sti er, ry (eh [le ~estetel le I SHE-GHEH Sf Shentessreimersinan. Nase Seay het oc nyse eas MH, Seen eet ly pc ong ia ye ie, ict Senin gata arc eno rine 227 Part Count Method nancy peo po fr giles, in se Wel defined sgl Anpcoons soph enim epic lyn ee. Foes ‘Mics sued hat te er ane osetia reincy (Gace sures etn 22.61) an he option of he are ae (Sree sade tering fe do yee the wees. ‘Seiommct od qaiy fren Tae poste I Anown ws pot cot ‘etd sd its tly fom prt rrr mead ited In eon 1 nvntngs te pm sly Ou wean i ed ‘ec sppitons 2 ant spe Cpe Scan 8 23. Reliability of Systems with Complex Structures Complex rasa may apnoea suis ‘kee, ml acspce ups hd sens in be cots fi book. = ‘tocar cone wien tere Hock agra ier aes De eset ‘resp race we indepenent eno es ha ae Lah ‘ck engrossed) ot fonction of cabliy Mock agri © sepa sts wb Inept omen spray ps th hab! ete) ctr, ‘Aras of compet Sie cn Beene fea nd ee enon However wel deve! he ely Meck gra eon 1. Ony egret tani i censited 2: Sap mem cnapear moe hance ne eat Mock Saga bat aioe eco ene ‘Be elaby bck Sag sears tobe sore reson. nie hes cpio salt an dee ting Balen motel. Inger Ses cass cn alot vested wih sie Deatal}y-oneied mets Secion 24, bn nh laa hari ona anda aSexo 23.5, snd Sevens wi te flere makes in ton 23, Tecate bed need 234 Key Hem Method “Te ty om metas bse te er of et pri (A617) Trove ie te pee ae enteral (04) satan a (0 ane pin owing wo complemen ves* 2 Raby Ante ep Pe espn he sen in ee fin hese wn.) From ie ows rte eli fron Ry) un Ro Psp ain ‘RD ree p(n ox Wace Re) PE pl) = Pi) ang C1), Teche mt be hon ech may are uncer ote oe ey ‘Metra condoned te tet (Ep (land 1 ned 1). Sno spplcnton a 0) to gob (Eximpoe 29 and 213). 28141 Beg Stracteres “Terabliyok agra be arc waren ost t town Pg 210: Een Een wor nthe 9 eg fnton Foshan tan vin E19 Ey ed on Fa yo By Hs rl te posto Gy eat, “Ts prety eed cope te lity fnew by mes fy 229) seit 2. orth onda posses (223), eomespndg ‘Miya ag we eed fm Fi 210. sateen) stata Frog (229), flows ABHOR RENB BAMBI OREM ERED 220) 2 man sym Can Sn, ss “Te sme oesteraion ply tte ge rate wth ed comesion (eros tle fon Sod Ey hs ee ed Tale 1 net 5 in ey in iy wy a ee ERO a0 ame Bah ah eth. ‘Seana Saas ma ae ee tt Be mmOo RIGOR = =. Pom Wyo Pall-B NOOR ean “We om y= By ma wi 22 fr = dH ea at Te ag do St a ea te 2.812 Relay Wok Dingramn Wie Lent One Benen Appears Marethan Once tapas on cc in which en lessens rea xc in te etait Hock Sagem long he ny ee helene i een fender. Thse nao ean be negated wih he ky em method ‘stodaetio Soe ?3 11. Exes 28 en 29 peat ho coneecaes. ae Got i fe be opie ni teaototns ® yA oR IA am Reg ERO od ey on ayPy 2 Rk An eg Pe (Sou by ete bt ge Ine os ap el 29, dC epson, ge ‘Stetina art mea yan ef ye e=PIRA,TR RRM 8B ORAL IORI Hieteamakeoy, Rater HRB a Boh He =A Bate MAB OH HAO ALAA aon ih a=, Hy RYE By Ro aya ya 232. Suocessful Path Method na inh et soo, 4 pn cy eed tds nme, lot ap ine ie (2 esse Ri = Ri) a te falowng ose ‘hn ls is red fenton fre ae eat ee he (ip ad he ps apon which ll slements perfor ther reed Py ea ome 0 gh a yn coin any ps Onl een ‘cise pele egw met secon, Teflon el pas ar ao . Riv. Te ace ph mata sts on eye gen tas Fan MGbarnaoscasnsconsuntesosty 23 mayo Spe i Ce Se ” consent ito at RyWi-Mlignaynedutanainetutnneacey Vignnaaiuiena all 30 ‘ine in ire of pay they By (A617, (230 edo By~ RARER BI RR PBI RRS -2H ASPB, SAIS RBBB By as) hy = Read RR, 233. State Space Method ery eons Bs asunder 6) wth elon proper ict fl and =D Bn Te ls nthe ier (0 anton ofa ndependety ofthe hers, 2 ae rp fr em ha ia 2 eo repre ution The probity ta he tem noe sf ‘hee terse rey Beh 3 he em ee % Motion rvortoetrestrettootta0 1% Untoasasiitospet evapo 10000 2 1ttisnteenonoperees i eropoonnes A“ obese lane i oiled a ill es Fetetunpe ot ig 2h te eee ‘em api te ine 1 equine vts 2 iy Aye hep Pe fangngnqnautinnnananaiuianinanens) man naunaugagninanduiaranarnncy Uainananennruin rene near lana ngiviqngnaniiuianaannins) Vinnaannniuinnnaana Rune Mlienanaduignnranaiu@ndnan%ne tition of Ey, 236 ed 10 By (239) coms ote sel th [et ven esate pce ao tu he ote per le a ‘Sea (230) ar maa ete 234. Boolean Function Method “Te Rola tn mad gees wd fins the mtd Srtoes 23 2 sod 29 Forth ey sone hee er oie 1 Tesi of ei pend on te te fl of ie cemet ( eee ae ‘clot and cen pif scene sate amen Inte caso praia, sad epry us beeen he im Conteat tne fone, ap dear em ton peting we and Soe eon aad en pate or ata fp). "Testes sobre tam cn be iby sen etn. Agen ‘ston 9 a Bolen fantin protensoels tater (oi ediousn 8 ys ee pet Ca st eas 1 get nian no 2S SES jciean soso t rant 25 tye ona » Soe theindiues (andthe sya ction 9k yh vale an ane PAG =H=BRIM e39) sept retin theses and R= BG ab ow sep fothe reat ation of ee wi =) The Bl fice etl ater pao of ae 80) suet ain te sem sn) Ton ae 1, Minna Pak Se gph: Ast fees mia patie i Upon when Got feral Ec and =O feral 4b Ser ay Kaye of Thine nie fem ees mad on Mss aw 1M ren a he ex mil ts en es frm a ie Fo frre 0-06. Tit». ea 2 Minin Cut Set pot Ae 8 minima ca he te owe oy tun = fra wan ra By, tt Sos capo Thy mlx Tecan Ewin Cf spr atl the redndany wit 2=1) wks han Tle-w em fora pe em trent nah en es re a 9 O61nGe=Fleg = fle Hes)» es) ‘Asis ode wth lene Fo Ey ha 0p an ea parle (Gowan) win ome Ey Har ce et ed pu Bera of Ge (Gata 2 eat Ri) Prig= to plla1-Plgge OU. Utege Oh 8o 2 ay Age age ae coming rw forbear cns A Aye a Aen AAA) Sound zmasoaamigenuriesna ass ene anple210 6) ssh q+ mast R) gto (265 ea aprosiatn a Few es AeA oii 5-4 eta) ~ Smanaiemine.oais ia ti 245 ten cn Bnianaie$ Bana Dee iets ae wet samome ptt at eb ceo hrf ae itr oe AMS Se Gin fa un epecy et ey nen [A fl an) shig acento inal PIR, AIS RIE EranayetBnanap-bEmaEni as Sonal Sruemge oan 222 fina ncuron RyOI1-BIAS tga 248) 25 aby Sy it om te a “oe pte scoring (23) nae x il ph fr ey ‘bsg of i211, Using (241) tar woul ato ae non Wf) = IO HEE EAH EEN eyelet ‘eclveszaon ote eck dag of i211 ye med So ti {atseu smack more eeu, Obi nin puso inl eat ve te sane en ton 4G) wi lee ei epening ‘esimoe ofthe ela br gr couaed (eve i ny He Hare Sin hp er he in BEGET EEE GOES eid ese aA eds S80 0-6 1-Gl-Gnt--G 18 i EGG in tins be te se yc ah BERBER ER ASB, i ees MER fo me ym Pete SEE SOREL ERY ct ct{ile i aniy face gO)" ORG en fen be cba ‘ety fo i sun fc by omer ln Bae a) and 248 he ‘Ermpereney ety fy) ad aba (eG CB ABCD 1X Tee pos sete digncte na form yy) 9 ‘Seite nero detest neon $2 EE Freche on yee) ih apne lament (610.283, 288, Rt =a Fe) = OB en es winepende lament ei vr een swohs sis pelea fn yer eee! (oe ep ew pt (ito ey ye By Gt) om aed compas be pot! lb Past oh om PASO = Aol Pd Qu PA PA aw) wid PA-= PAL congo Ey (for enentF,. However in pata Tipton satu ase ep ce reach mente ealiy ‘Mle dagen of sytem, Nevemle, By (248) can be wed a8 ‘prin per ud for PA). Fer paableeaens lars vw mba Ci ae bead {Lif demat 6 up open) a Epo tet Ee inp. Romero computations general eer hee eae or anni PASO 235. Parallel Models with Constant Fallure Rates and Load Sharing tate reatiny sats ves ine pens secs elem at Speming unde ome cies aru pet etn} Seeds ae {fu ended ame aap he ees ‘Spur ee mo od sri. Tian Sos oe ily Seal pete, fr xml ono ee onthe pec of ome ec Teese of th easy fen he ca of ad sing “oben of esin tives de be of aschanicproess. Tesntn iam one can nme tha he re fh lees chars nl when ‘ae xy fi ye pr model aaa redo 8 Sig 212 bya deah proces” Zs Za ae as fe Th Suet, ety tenn ue Sova, Ate Zp Be sem down 1 ean eet ite oper state ew) 2 yt Spr top Sta ° ky eye ryt Br Gr 82 Beg Ay afar ofmelonetn ereene it Oy ) ei er Fretnc Oa,E) and Sean come 2 deter onde flo Ey 0) i sf arn any pci paca $0 ye se vad veri, en noche recess A pail ied 1, fio of est nda soca ison pre 2 Formulate of are hypo wel, bn.) and valatioe of them nh pata FHEAAMECA (enon 23 fle ype Ce fal fe come depends sb eed a cos 3, Hoan es spd wi eight pees {Baten Se eh ny ne a |, Comput te ey (Ege 274) ~ (280). {Elmont aly wena a ec tgp ora ee li ales n pl eo ceo he lowing sation: 1. One are yay a stengihare > The elit ncn reat Re)=misn> Eu, lr hypoteea an ecard, sess and senha >0: The rho hen R= Pe fends > Bt ee kon Dene 219 yeson 275.20 ik aso am aig oe pe depends "Te statin i ar wee theses a sagt can eased be depends pole rondo vars. Wi ce, Prt Pye = 1 Fe ante here of al cst as Rip - R= iy >a = ft Rane: 2% Examples 216217 ite ewe of (2.70) ‘SSecdteacin sp cnne® he em TiN want i yen Chagueyt nt 5 ty nt ni tn se a Soe a ua Sa aoe Se shee Efe! psy Tey oe Gea st.) ae et emg elem toa Tale MF at fe Farnam, tee i ft tay na? a = Ta nemeertan aie JeSar-omm pemtyotiegts eben qiefanesBaton (2.79 lors nee te. Fer sedis ml pra forthe wre omen fo npn te oe = meatal tents 2b fl-tamt-Rgtene aM 2 need ms, Fe APR 28H ly ey Jiconn-nnanfiom-ranartnn em ‘acapella fre pura cone of pendent 1 Samet Pits | tre conden om te cage, jncton egeratce HPC, ad or Cs wih sen wide labuton pation) he conom std Ie Plt ove soap ort x first person% 2 citi Topi eta 21 Sac hi Bo Cro " [epi | (Sa |pemmei pope at (omer, [homeo ees ee, (aston Fe cet [memes [oy hw | Game SMe tee Lees sietrecane foment tet, pve en ese [mae Soomro arent, bmn, PRES jee: tafe (SSE tee (eiareomianmeween bec [mn cahetarns Siew (mah we emcee Sere eee | wie, tence at SS iiroanamer oc Eisen nin mean (eS | ttn | ro — fee eee ae fee inert _ Sia came” (oe fireiiweacntcnncupntyae [vamyeme, fous gece cori, cara fastens gia ee 7 lester \eeeckotecantrta igen Piretoecorete tg [Stexeeemrasces eta [ie es ars - Seti orhos = na = | } tent |oimarcet tier fo fine Senate lawaros | aalnty Secemgerene ==, ES Zee ee er. | et aementat. =" feectittc ace” [Siem (omennnt ceenseemcer seer ceeate | [euro (Smurme mor Zerit ee oe a Freon |pceaement wimay Tow yet feamee” [etic me fection ko ‘i Ss eticmumes from [ake REinenstaens (ern (SIS |= SSos oe aos = nae aman i= tir So a Lien =e-_ * 2 ai Ft Congo Ais oo : 7 ‘mais | ean a | [tote hata tbr [gp (ca! |ipnscopmad amiga fewer, [ne “ Eaetee So ee | Ee ase. an po | Le ee (napa ae cece erence EN ee fatertieet || fishes | fares sis = aoe Leet sm ocr lesa a ls, aro [oterieas {fae | ee Convert aes ects it Oe ‘sae ae pon =e" | a in a \eafar’ [aceon sacar ages Tenge set Ee etnerence | Sec {Ses Ema | [ae | neice [ire ee SSP eee lomo | [ite lcmtamnae gars, ian lot eS Pfr, foe ere, [pecans eee ern, (Seeenlt | Pos geteecicc, fmoeen naa”) Fae ne vmetas~ eae Cont een 3Ma_ Manufueturing Quatity “he gai of mamfcre a igi nace oo elecweie cngonest Tuli, Mower innate tt lob efesie pbs raed IROL vibes ans en) steno fet soon he ely el (od is mding soe hana ged pert of he tefecive tl ena acai 10%, Scion 1 13), cms tot ange he oc protbily an the vel of te corespondng ful at we Sora Forti eda 6 component gezly ‘mv ban an ageeneat on AL ae 2:15 Long-Term Behavior of Performance Parameters “he lng stb of perscription rn Fee clossone compo alms iferenisionReveen ol hd pot ote 32) Venn ef hi ior peal anderen wh ‘Seay se ad oe nu fer many rsa plots 34.6 Reliabiity “Theta ofan elton cmgonent cn en ec yt fre at Faure sei ote late al roe aes abe {Stat camped ma meine ve foe lal atin ener (att 05 fr) acne et (Fe ood cr > BOE ae i (ee Secion? LI) Mover tee te mr sof ete fe res fat Si tpn ence 2 uta To top ee Capt, ” 32 Qualification Tests for Complex Electronic Components ‘Galion eae en su ta recre pede. Feria psp ‘ee ors mente ml ees fr asus ns Quad Par (QPL) fora, Shae ely bcs forse oles or air ptat ‘eg ecg a paaton pcs Analy, peas eifton ‘ere pase ton ney a se by "leo conponn guesina et cove share, roronmesa nd pce el a ray te Tey mat be perl by ane {fre oma oes rele fale mechasisns. FO et, Sch 9 (akin it mat mae 1 Rng fly, ao oh ri et ky ee 2 Charset oes te decal pefemnee pce 5. vom pec a eck li 'S Faire analysis eect ale onsite re echans, { Sup conto eie cos, deer sets sod ae. ‘The eat of ahve stp depend uh inporance oe capene bene oie, he re comme) fle an cg Ss ‘Nati nd rt! ttn ee ing ed seme Wich hol aes leo eb Oe ser nese foray component (35 [IDL Press revenge insite 983 1 2 compen quliieaon tt pce fr 1m plac pctge sivenia Pg 33. On expt be major ep Genova {See lah eta nea) fe shove tt nvm ee ‘eve the tena sina aed mechan set expected a he pean ode cnseatn, Th snr of eves ed ey ts Beenie i ot pert 56 farsa ur. The pws ok Fi. 33 os ben api wih he ec sei exten (etna it ‘em ofc cig) 2 mes each wih # anf ft ‘Sarvs vegan [93 (193) 37,111, Teco re gaan Baiea on Fg 33 oe 2 monte conpurve ss) les Between (Us 0,00 an 6.0,2 2 alent Capen Ames ‘321 Electrical Test of Complex ICs ic tof VLSIIC i pf coring he wig ew ep 2 Futon aed amit (ACL ‘he omy tec wht vey in ect ot ip ont {cng eee case (HA) nee per sae (al es {tend an mesing he entigvtage Frew pacton es ‘itr mal ona neha sno aed “1S “The nl ets eran get he Yabo of be amie nme, pie 34 ow fe pele oft Te gman Fe 34 xaos sor ser ane fhe rh eo ea a) mh st be Weil, wh hay ig Fora pin thee PN wor O ae Say wont ale weir Be sae pil wo be ee nde st (BUT) aa ecg paso opal irr, The pe fn SOUT al eps cd an pce ON Eecucer up SDM an an ral po ef ae 0p ton ‘tera Sop) ne VLSL ATE nx nye oe bt cers a be ‘acd oe» wie ange Tee bie promt an be ved sw. [meres te dest nese fain Seay era ache ine i prea ie ning The msn pin nh eft et it go seo ‘ental Ge worm spn VSL. To home fo ‘et equ the coreapendig tah tate Wold cain 2m oS ‘eo tan TO for ne, he pce nel apt spins ‘ietao mont onc a te long porn he evi ode sd ring ah fe Spr, 1 go puerta ti ores ysis popes “mag he eu fe hale spartan fre ‘peor uae conic STE gee 34 oc th ACs La IIS 33 ey on Kn ne mr, Taha A techn SEC yt mC Se* 3 cute ean Aen ‘Rete eh gion le et rere. pena ‘Mis icha nec) Apne mer ton eG Nibar cent PCW en by ons iy ro “Te ncanm DC prance sxe moun pesos rio roo (pt fom vo gt ‘Sree pin nor OM) ee Ste tine free), Below he op a os bet ‘total iad es meee er a ie oct pesormed a Co te et sgtloperig epee 322. Characterization of Complex ICs Chrceroion ia penne epic ami fee preperi Sirpace ht pepe wo tvesigue aoa of ile opening Cn ps ete), WoGiRor rchanscuase pinned 8 are omer ilps ofr ut. cod whole ‘ae. yf en pte gn EAMG pit ‘Strano abet SRN ters oy Serge OS nom Late | pee | pee |e ity [om pet | pt er | tote | | a (pg | ase [at net | et | aatven | 00 | Tah Aefring te esto wd AC eases Fgu 25 shone ai elo rem Fardeen e953 Set tremurr (GRANG, tnd the appoints est tne for snd SRAML (uate vat of pare itty ea ea coveae slo ps, evr, boste oe lime way of he models for foe mae (Gece 21 nd 22. Aushown nab 33, eon song een pete slid Ar ot ce peer than Oper per ao eg he fone of lartction (he ee ter il e epee ever ross fine eo Fig, develope flict as pte us my [Ba ow 37,25, 38), Fah veins, oe he lop even ai an phys ean (rain oe erepoig on te ‘hip inpran.If dg itenatniot e, eelecrnBeam ese {Gr canon ed oesubit de scram ale ‘An eat esse al dog crrterton of cml IC te since plats the epeseiion a pagan fe perang ae SiC a incon of ropmetan, he tae Fi. 36 ese > fs oq searYee ofa TK SRAM for to ptm and wo ae ‘Srpeanis (2, Hoi he can stow in 3.6 te sonepong tex pers hs bon pred sou 400 ser (232956), ee wih ‘tt soba of Voc td. Ifo et dete ao lone (Gee are uel etd ccs rf), An shown ni 36, al omic coplg beeen nex leit or ‘evi. bey fen tent a agen pty i id ‘Cia Satna ea sh lt ate dee ea compte me ‘pear whch each od rh Gn 0%6 2 eit Cara dete, ( ww Law ae oy a Me On [8 Ps Fae fonts) en ite was [se hac oa ham i ain xp one ses atin eras mal part of Be bl as ds guns canbe ste The defiaon a eperotiae {St putces mt tha pay eon fo he ese device, egy ‘Suc ih the ml oan sou espn and ‘Speteee wih simi Gevins."A ce coprtin betwen th tet age (Siti crer and ao pone wine Gove edgar ané matte ct opin coe te smcun of tng ‘ean of BC punts reer 0 ics fr il 1 a ‘om Sol inpt een page), lp 2 oat ie oa 0 ‘Be ned er an hn 2 Psion Marat Unt PMU) ied 0 face nce dese tie Vy oY se) or eovenely oe ‘Netugeand mens acest (Io. fon at i, fee) Table 4 poe {im sample some ml fo an apn peste OSC (ASI) th 323. Environmental and Special Tests of Complex ICs “hes rina nape ei ai ire 1 ees wh far bore tvc a hone noe i a per, ner ree ‘emia nse fore mci Sh est ae fen dete ‘Xtunevtyaerh n apn eve flr mci od {steed Secon 33) The pean exe! fecal owen tht itn Dey speci depend 0 einen apna Yo i 3.3. Gp aeting o {le 25) anon he psi acre congo coed Te 1 era i peti’ TIC ae pce en pl a oa fercomprain eso es Gg se se) Beoopenag (tng ct sherman pr hig Ge Ce ae sped to ca th chip ode negates gctage, tong. de tach, =) er pares ‘Nr opeing prion mae ie pia lrscopes cores ‘oo sate soup 00). pope een of ond cee ‘ign and looping of the bang ew, conamloaton ching ‘ce eon cane ecm, Mayo ese esac Bae ol 4 ‘Sisigmnen, Pie 7 shone vse mason ae 1M DRAM, 2 Glasto Tes lin paiva epee eoing aly ‘lone (PS) anor sion nips one ene) uc eva pachagen shel he fie eat and pinks Tosh techs immer for abou Sean = SIC warm ee of ties piped an te ped ih pte acy ee ‘SSID met 1) Ct our ina stco oe giao i ‘Se com ofpsphrst <2. Hower mae tan SP pets ‘tates te formaton of ppc wa. Ree, oe mide eetr i tm a ee ie) i a te: re ot hry tin Pei 8) na a etna 3, Sle Sldetty of oe as seek wo age ae obi fed enc ara ey ong strap ano poet we ose 8 gar per ewe, pres Wh Biscsri art apie corning ney wig he ae th «4 Beer isarge ESD Bsr dices ing hing. ae pesction seu psive noe set see (eter rae D2 (sor 3) To epithe ED fea, the volo bem which ‘ing oc ie pepe motel) ant recede pro ‘Reval dice mee coat see me ty we ie CDM Sees ay ‘ert he HOM in reps some he tage ceed el Cppltars se Scion Sf fr i). Baton he epee ‘Ponte eign per scone Py 311.2 0999 371 Eton tie on be gest fre @ 8s dye ne 2 egal pope ae ested 0, 100, ed 200, ‘ut ao dae oc ‘se (ip Thee combs of pn a3 negative pl plied xh pin ‘ii oe Pes nome dtr ODF capac eh 275i eon ped err oe egoctor (HEM, wih wii Induce oq Pu tween nod gd, ocd pie Ietep (i) Seto ad fer xh es, etage crete pose with is pm open et 220008 for or ml cecal braces re ete eet ose 0 he evict xpress th a cost dich focus berets 100 a ‘ebov Teme press 1p apd 1K fre HM ae arelge Ponce ihn (Do 0p 509 $0000, 2 oy see 32 quite Ta Cn Compt » Ser nti re net 9 Seine reine MERA Sein i ty To sine eheet ae Soetoro ere37 Fan Cs aly ay ae-_ ry > eae ent Aen 5. Teale! Character Teal neato we peed hckuthmopoa and proces pane ih rep to eden) 0, ‘Sowiy, Tr eet eters om geo a sing he Fg 37 frm cram fo compen ais bee of Gocoet (einen guns ccs Wo price). veins or (ehnlpa chron porn (93110 365,471 38) ‘Ke tenga sat Content pean achanepca ‘hacer mods Savage cet i shot betwen pve SPH (Pelt coy ber ot pring cmon ech rea ‘Ziteaptnn ef te power sy. er pe fr CMOS Ses, bt {Gn ineoccar tbe ecg whee MPN uc apa. te ‘pls inary ned by wg vente oa on owe Theverty bce, Mor eine ave a eltiely ih tc may tpt 20m ogee ne) Avera of ba sens fy ean bese acesay Tr se spl Seve (ASIC or eas) (srep ar ono vtage rene hl hone ay aes ‘sala poeronfowe ef sees. pute fs (1 08 ve) mar cnc Cae may ln {cite nt eney (ome eV compared fo O12 io tal ruler) sear e el Sure we ove neice The ‘Secret cc nh acute pay fous y con oe cea ty ing os nce ono ose ep), ices ummumee oe vg Vy ec ue 0s emt, Ee on tnd SLC em nse eg {ine se tr nA er ca) pe eo ple {Con wing a EPROM) one een! ofa Depedon ugh ttre mccain in ug a eg ih wepeate (gene sao cir) of net “DIBEV). The wt (prey pend fr gna ih owe lA Froavieedaiw mmpenucs (20-300. + Time Depend! Dire Broom cca nn pte exe tyes {(itonny arnt wey heh lc ls (pw 10"). Vue fen ous ges canes oon cir ection Novbein went cane co Be co yee Aan Oe hel tvs ean, awe ke oe (oe me) The Stes poe wesw ered ag eso ho ‘enunc cpneon ne dec wl ross peur Pay senaive we mores 24M. Aa Ana mal wi con eer {Ey= de ear wed for Ue tempers, whe ore veage a8 ‘tpn ep epee tine dependence esi ‘espn dn oe alae pig Sexson cpio) crore ne iran oft sos a a of ia he AUS sac eo wh hci anny ee 3 erence {np hemadan tf be fren pring ta: 6 et he {Ben by Bick EL y= By PeEAT, whee By S8V fr pte AL {GF fo APG oh 22 stdin oe. (tambon sacar tae of ALC alo for te meaeaton ad [pear can be nm yt pic oth psig, wal by oc devine Key pants ae MOSFET thes! YlMgs, oe ‘ices ping cinco an ie esac ern epost intareenntenty amr) at ‘ltrs nd at he nd fwd ees Sade aed ‘arvou clo, Ara te xl, oglu th re sea ia a mbes anes ce oe oreo cl wa 0) ‘Soplag ay dye ent ols se coe ot et ap ‘age ptlen) Ply, pce eon en tse sf er FOr inno sal evel can egal whe neta es roy eo Ie he Elf af air wih byte luce of Sit prclen The ‘Stacie of wt oor icine geen A ip eve at lson beam tener alow he meses of izle within Be chip ‘Nin, At free let arte bed te ue bee ‘Sechelt mane sd chaactriz ngra prees mignon of ship covuy. Tice cre an sly cmc Upon oats wel alped tach tp in igh mci FY and (Civ meterenen atumsniewonld ke sate ran ‘ate Retton so PropranfEave Clete import fr neve ‘Reo (PROM, ERPHOM, LAS). Att fo dnt eon oer ‘of rage ae igh tenpaiae (20008 a 125 fe pe fectagu sod 3008 20° conn clap wisn aa et20°C, 25,5010, 20D ae gx cee er wid Deke of Ya, ei he map vag) Ach expen [vein o PO at son apres ihe han 297 ‘hova ge devin fom be are os pede he hermione Bal engrish ta 30 a co 10 rte aa $00C BIN Type! aes fx poses eee daring salen 6 igh Tempore Sorge: Tie pone of igh tempest org te ‘Sable of temasyanie com an ht ofthe 1 aa Pernt Fale ohana ce Potenn (enamnsn ‘hore, conan, chugs Ide furs sein prsor raed ‘cin slug soe inane PC 0G Sol aera ten pablem a pete amore) be we, Exes sat ot for s matretecology (eg apa proce), gh ‘mayen sags ps Gy fowls Go a cen 823 1, Therma Ctr Te pn of eral to et 1 iy Step pl ener canes Th caesar ea td ‘cia cniyoc vet et Eos of ane Bi. 37 rot rangle Thea ek gel ped ‘braves ous fo ow igh era eee ed Ye es ‘ng To prom Qn cr te Ku ped ot mca tn aon ‘ety (0 oi eo oa esi) ta sco Yo 20 er ‘ua fom.65 1157. Deel nea be onpere etener hea roan er eal livia fe Ie se ached we 2 °C), ‘rani a aa Sond Ley bet ble tect Steg (tom Sse. Express hows a fre ene ony (Gg sd posrn ses ou toate sh ‘Sond ther ps Gover gen x meres 1. tai or Da et Te SAS an pr coker Te 3 of ay Coren. Ts fowing wo pole tc {0 nan ase, A527 ad AS el ly (BAS Te ic fee san (0 em ns, 108 °C 019022 o 1303 °C a 8585 1 ty rear lad sen AST Tathagata in sch wa pow ‘Semmens ona poihe Ae Oe vgs sh ih posi er twits ee tiie es ne) pnd ih 12 cto an Com a» low on 3h fein ome concent ent nD). ors eed prea ew fro IBC 6799 (39), Ine pce of eth Sand HAST tae permed ecm ems {eth empl 4 smcras far Of get ingrtanceSoe ‘pan elo eres he fore at lee epee a iy (op 88S or TS sd ld pertinent oe 0) ‘irene math wee ema in ine 9085 (3/1) em ne le omer se 7) an din EP oa i esiebsiae men ow Gea ral eo In igs (22) 1996) By ite stain ener, Ke Want cost (hie 100V78) 8 te eget n °C. bs slope (KU ‘elaine emi a yt Cy ae Coca Eganons 32 1080) {i bed on te Eig moe 439) te nda fhe were hte nati plese tea. 3) (8) Ey 2) he ame ate cae feet (Be (8). Tn al ade Se cholpeal promser ype, cast uy ofthe sao, nlefepny. peste, append ton auth Es einteccmtants Cy, ReasieAStae o, Si smc he ts mechan change. Prom ‘Sos etl beacons wok ar on, wee? y meng ‘So cumeol ncerny i comgang De acorn foe AL bl ‘ae far be oder ere opening cmd 05°C {nd Rit on om tne or PSC sre betnen 100 a 130 fo S {Sis tet eteen Sad 150 fr he BOS wet. To rr 10 Js fed operon 37 an Pe LP show haps ita het Scone dmge st LODE tS 1508 IONS. PeBM showtime lavas oma mh ete sce etre tn FSG cor a0). Abate othe fl of aiy met goin he eee of eaive Sen wg nig ts mint tate pa i) cag a ig ve lnc te [nccgenton tren yer (il wo) pes ah ere techn perc fonds pow in pierce ie a From niche nae pure lose dees Pre ago as 2 pat rey pte preg cage ampere see {Baraboo 80°C. Altugh ant ee sed ond enter Ay, ppuileton canes, etre) een afer gh tompersue eg an eer apart ation spy ASS ad boameie on SRST PS ain ee 324 Relibility Tests boar 1 tenes fing te rome he coming spe, ‘oe es const in gone of «mami rn wih eet meses ‘fare enter sprepe re pons (ig. 3.3) sh ele vows {drt be sie fom te redid flare rae Scion 22.) ene ‘Stern fr C30) in rer cet 9 fer ning bra GeTArtaaD). Half ote devs bbe io renin esto 822) ‘oder eter ne ey fares Sts tsa we ve ‘Seton 72a pean AB 33. Failure Modes, Failure Mechanisms, and Failure Analysis of Electronic Components 3341 Fallore Modes of Electronic Components flr med ists lc ly ich we bere. Tp {ale nde pu shri or facta! ad fr cco come, {dt peso ocak otc enone Avr aes {erate gen of ae moder in eronccanpeotat we e8 Tle 35. How Tale 35, ross, ea ad epson dee al ‘ly opm sb ae mere Fee! ews and em, ‘hil acta face ot nly ia Cx, yee Th es {rnin Table. vein row sn tave wb plement ake omnes oun grin inuanon ee Sl ar ae ls "Te citet aemoles a hardware ce wend lo ye pei agpinin cae nies In veining tet msc) of flee ne ce ae ey aes he a 258). Quadeetndany i engl fal ern scare wi a wecy 2 toe Compl nn falowed yay hpcion ode nr fo damage das ‘crcl tection $21)” Fr In mate pocaes ah ase ‘Betmnderaive ssa escolar mode tenes of ene are oe (mtg fl) he ae ‘use canteen slap mechnicaly ober pcg wit etches ‘sing opt 1e Act oral alc ten permed wh Ss msc cetera wp 108 a ser wp 100. Tae radeon ner, eran he vaonpseton So mage de 1 ESD comsion, ccs in te mean, econo, see Ihe 10 sl pring es tal). pects an {laren bo esr EET et tie nto eh), ga cry 1d oma cy We ‘rent RG oop! bem ced cre (OI, Fo be ee ‘out of he semesacive aaa sex Gescpton of the era oltre made a Gt fonain bu pose te ees a ute ‘echmitme nthe swe of ear cere ane mia pone 44 Dest days A dma mays peared he pei Smvsipatons yield ety wes sd heist eli chance of ‘Stott ater ale Aer renova oe leona te jer aes) sone i oid oot mh scm ler icroscope sped by 8 ae avenge eg. EDK spect alps are on einnued sing mthos of muons elecoe ‘cpt, oa pote ifiacton et) ad promi mcroteiensThe ewe ses te at pny rape onl fare me {i he fare mechs nated Hewett rss, 5 Fare mechani onli Tie ep mpi sco section oe ‘en ror supe ough 4 Addn! venga ae oe mde See ce bt geste ened fale vss cn il emain pe. I per fear othe raufcnrer sees a. 6 Cormore cton Depentng on he ented flees, opropie ‘emtacae at wel m wit he cept Sige, mentor ot ‘Sproat fle cases nh ve ene 235 wea aan Fu secon 1 fe Suasian ] oes | (Sea (ete [_Reataree———] od)Some tn be ela etal et a pr “he ir sn peared a ise fr IC cane ae 0 34 Qualification Tests for Electronic Assemblies ned apain Sich x quien iaole performance, mma td rey sas be pot yas fer Gn) onl etcetera se repre fot te probcon Be oir heh tly Sip a ala th prado [poseoes and pede Ret fqn wt eo importa pa ‘Ste citar ew re NAS). Ts setn Si wih one port eee forth qualia at of leone semble for tc Pople “Te i of he peomance tt sn 1 hat he sharcteration ict Secn 32 fr opin ICs expe lee ‘Seal popes gn endl, ib he prow of eso te {Snes mont nce princes ne beac be sey ioe ano tents poner py eins Ge Seton 33 1 ‘in conser on Sete ss fF) “Enrol ra have the pape of ubiting th hen ae sets sh ot mae eee a eens he Bel et © Invnipt shal! fore mechanisms ce San 32.3 fr ‘Sole I) The wing posto, baloney met ‘eine: [0 cate econ femme of mir chon) edinngh (roy) appitone Gad 210 seme 1, Becta tear steams enperseswi fin moniting 1008 a Soe, oc, aa sre Caen 2 A000 weal eee (0/607 wh inl mone, < Coe Snr Cima win te opened we fe peo, 2 ae Gece “°C sod Sint AC hehe era qu eentacted wate 2 °C (23 uses metllopegic amp ae 200 eefooeym 3, Rano vos 10 op, 18 W210 ga OPC (eb). 24 nT Amn uu 4. EMC mi ESDiess (ase. 5. Hye, 28 6S (Lane. "cpr shows [76] clei equipo cee haves ve er “Ore wih ap tn wit te component tt $285, yee of 44 9805 done by tea 2°, nvr 20-0 a ‘ty ad “HC, ESDIEMC wi ps po SAV) However eB ‘eee each propeation i alr Jam apps, snd mele Iresstnt mot ta 100 etn cot a race ee fat ‘rset y rac awn se ig oso amen ‘My af he pods ws ih eid components ote ved nd canst minor telabsy pens. Vo whicme up th ae pric Se aero sure canbe sine ya ang eh ‘ir An pine of he rosso ces Ged rte pt i ‘als, opines pus parte) genres We podem of ae Se Ter vord up S08 sole volume onc seve de oe aby of ‘she oi rier congo tipo id rework Pe weg te tno te ncn float of ile tnt Ij oe ae ‘ted eongh er peo pret ‘Mee etal we suare mau dvs (SMD fr wich a canbe ck propa sir a fen tpi ese ew ond themes Recent exon espe [3.7 30,388 show Bat cack popgn not indeed of echt eat do ep of Sey, ene ‘roth nc a cee he ei se lo Ts ws ice, ae th ceang Bey of he ae Anew adel deere "topo hover f SMT se its a eo develope (3.8). ‘deletes sng it deformation ener on ama oo ‘ees hts bp nea ected le a whine unt ‘bree on na sh ane dma (e ‘ecules nh se Basic ie domain chon fe rsa ra Bnd ingore om hal pal sd ston ‘liming wher eval pen. Hence eon mas be pin ig ‘onsale ann cee or sc SOF {Stour} nache eo eceing to ny face eae Insnem shch woul sk Besa tefl. Bose ote cee Tour ofthe component CD, th dnl ie ing heres ye sncport The dye tne mas eng swugh ole tn ‘estes un dep on ene amperes ‘Store thea pk, sitio gh eed mae (239 (7&1) aii wt te sey ager ean eel hve a3 mayw 9 Que Comp Ane ‘tthe fate re Preise nfrmaton ofa ate shape is edo pase ftom uli er, tenn fet td tne mate Howener, fo et 1 4008 ann ar ng 2 mel fa 2 San herd Ses 30/1900 wr « Cnn fo spieons wow eet nd > 20°C frp es wp, ine 10 AC and "SS a HPC fer te ters eq abe mated wie = °C {Vases ealopapie al er (0, 200 80 cles form Nae" wit €=(g—@e/0/e (388,79) epee A hao 2, Sono tema ese 76 HC wth empernce prn a pit hve, Sombiaed wih random wate Tapy. 20° S0H (23 aed telagp maysser108, 280 0c) hema jee wit doin see ema ada 2 theanenty ee e crc preponton nolo, such es cs ine flo centage peered oS. Fig 3.10 ns 3 ‘Sop vesiptn nc pope (5790585), Te tency re Spin Sere nh arene naw cna 34 otto Tea mn Ae a 1 Yadesetyanetetnpaing onions? 2 eA 3008 SU e temttnces'g 20 Dom law ete4 Maintainability Analysis ‘eliliyon ovalby. Tis te fanny atone {tpt we eso eto ration fee alah ws cowie Acevng gh ney, eure eo ‘Sve what sid tly In hr design and deslpment pave inde contd ty amanteaone cone To hs bee fn doco so ota tin ot), artonng 0 be umn Ste io (a) Ingen lat repel ms pep equips ose Ie tnd opal pyr nding afer vice. A mean conch inioet fe opipaet ye oma. Aber be nrdocon of se scons (Seon 1) capt de wi 4 mantenance concept fr camps ‘Sun and stn and pests ten chor a tl or meni ‘Shalom Masel fx prep posing eons pn See 1S Des gine fr area genase 82. 4. Maintenance, Maintainability Minton ic I ote ates pte ite 0 rea 90 ‘Stan, ed at pode as si acing pee (ecco ec posi of flare re drat ef ct yo unm aed ete minnie ser econ nda tinge hero 9 sen ican pl form he eed feocinn Carine muneapsk now sepa aa ee Shyer owing epee bln See ce {Soetoro tren fe area Sones The ine a N | yt mn ney ng ling otal ele (eeng spre pr 8) er ie (hen el al gp ith ogi aye einai scarcer oon expeo yt prob tht revive mantnnc vcs) pir pati) oe wil erode sted titre by en procera reco ‘Pete uo) tier rgua to ay eat spor a eveve Repay =P Se) and Servo Wn aD Fees chnsenon epee aman ofan EX] = MTR ne ee pie |= rTM = men net peeve sine cn often ew, Astuming oa grams, vs he dria Jct oan Te dna ftom hte epi {vicseribliy a he tm cre pein peace show a Pint Fan sot logrotate by 8 (11) ‘hyp ge fr sreeing dena aston ng 42. Achar {te loge ety ln rene fpf ie nichIeee pn dint hr ‘mim (il ae) Ts sige ca cee aig nto oeserion Ge main ems ofs rept tine (1) However, ak wi ogee ‘Sian cn bose ee ensuing. Insta apes bs hee ‘Sea disepucn beeen on eng esas lettin mine ie i nd te tt pie Ste Sree 13 a7 frome ange wo slope eben 2. 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Are #4 pain y. 20 Ferengi (5) 24.19) ae “HAT 44 ard, manny, 420 ies eae 8 fr Ba (1) wh 12 OF ata fy er exam et e709 od 257 fe T= 1D Se 10989, 2 TEA ie AE Het oa owpevam y= AF cra. (422) eae 453. 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Design Guidelines for Reliability, Maintainability, and Software Quality ren rng edi io espn Paes hat oe spc ‘util tgs {Cte 2 rand 8) 5 wel ay design pede. fy aid i ad te uy T te ‘ste guy of eigen! and sya sin sy SL Design Guidelines for Reliability ey ay ei etm ae per 2 ‘elma spe: eset ne (fay o mance adhe o's Ive To el ene ha scuttle gt on Sing bs ren rio pes a me ‘S41. Derating ponents Dering noe se 6 ada to improve te ines ‘Sli of equine spt St pe eon ses ft (embers form tne tempering apo °C. Po > 40°Cad 1% 5 bees a Ry ani Son Qs tbe SE fut eon of sneer (gee ey wpe ink epee, ‘itowa 2 Fg 2). 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Stor, cai, ee ‘Sig ig vera tk ie ate 2. avai stg rpg eve eds lyon by cing Ihe enact mrdineso ry wg malin metalation. 2. Gre len sie oh otc indo an ve ge omc ep 2 thar shry ge lepers coer mati somaya pear th tees mtlionae pecs 4 "Tate scout che comptiiiy beeen mis nds td ‘eal pce mit hee of plaaration process wo ona ‘evan ne nes, ely peter se pocser owt (recs with allows nae tet ceva: cota cal ‘fer rw motel (C242 lel etn, Oy concen, 52 Design Guidelines for Maintainability ‘ems. Tiago be petamed pet seis. Hows 9 can ‘tho dei ai omni ty tem ‘ms nth oh my gece ee 521 General Guidlines 1 Pla an pet cone fr om fad detection nd lomo ‘enim fi olator Sv ot pare LR ve inching heres re aes a Fst 2. arin the pet eee pi i A) an py Stig matron ig a een ea suns rsp ey pr ih ome sel 2: n't ea oe dnd of pr aly al ee 4 Ger opaton mates prover fp eile, ako ‘igo enn peel fy, ce town pie aul ‘perio wa ag tert sd ge 522 Testability “esa ines te dere ae tect a itn. te ort etre and te et urn. 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Fo sr, ding hte ‘Seen ar nay mfx hue alors Le by icing he ose ‘fe au tam gn ea hee ‘elahty grow ose deveopel in he sie fo awa Seon By From the shove condenton, te mia fgets be the developmen of nfo fr rom dct ale fa helo ofc proven abet ‘Sinan dyes mong, Hayever enue of he we naping ere Aoi growh hs ete dacs eye bse mals ow fr te 1 Betwen conical he fare ras ys fon othe mabe of afc sl present te Stare niet endo, Th atest det proce ands nn she aa 1) =P defects have hen Yenoved wp oe time n defers wee Psat sirvo} canbe competed renly tam (ee i. 79 wih My, scandy no elm1 5 bp asi, Mihi. et iy pre S3_)=Pstesne ened et ei om ‘Spey dtendvenpnme sen) nase nnsfecisnee mn fahon OD amen nioe( eee, tet 69 gue 33 ows Rt Ree w= 10, Tol an ety xen ‘bewer deco nic te pantera penton mbe o efe ‘i preset nea 2 ener coment sree pi oo ofc th are ai ‘st fh umber f df al rn thar an ene ‘loud se ht cree pin 4 etre sel pres ‘el shove and one vip ing ont Maro proce (A a9 The flow of acura of saa act conte» mnhomogenut ‘Prison peer (Appts 123), Th se as nee res ‘edie ere heat poms ode fr aie Wi ‘Stet spon ab frm oe pce inet Seta 85). 4, Tw of crane fst fers en aby ot pre ‘Tis mal ey gee ace ely bo ecko le 15 basen in ate ty 1 i Pepcid eg ean ea ae “he Gt wo mode bad oh sen far ae 2) 4 dfn ty Ey (A627, no the to atone asame ta the flow of erence of sofware defo enatiacs pcp proves (et neces eeu ‘rcs sce sr th pen can age econ ech (tes) Along he nels deed ave eat on a tess tof vem hey fesse fm he lc flue eld dete eel oceig te nanbr aerial (ee at ae le) fhe ee il prensa nr cnet. preventon se {ales how ema. Fg shows yw ae hi se. ore, te screens Bac austen sf ees Shrsomne ep 34. Ale thm) of elect he fae he tine f=0 gel 0 own sd feminist fess ev dear bets Inveaon nh fda pepe6 Reliability and Availability of Repairable Systems eli an vii mes repaints ie eerily prtored ‘ng base pce inc Mark Maron on se vege Iretsre Toe thee fan fh process given neni [AY Btn eda vestigin 6 Msn ed se Mao mw ‘Samael Table 62. To he vesigs syeemaly oxo ‘Sy mod nsdn ri apse (een Sy ese {nvanegaes Shapes negations coed). Aer bt mon (Seok) Son 62 nvstesn a eset act ee very (Sec sump). con 3 46 del en ent ha se! ‘Erssonte” Tony mode sini) clos Hamed a be Syosset crews tn ier fares an oe a se lr Sng fo com ro ep es eee saci Ss ‘Muto poses) emanated cp by op pig wh he spp ce eee ware {primate erin fe ep sn, ven ne ‘Scope svar wel aoc ing lof een totonoce Tore rats veined Sco 62 67 pera ‘Dosa sua asa rp Te 3 610, Fg 17 anh (Ci The met ese reposts econ 2 6.1 Introduction and General Assumptions vein hiner of repairable ms pans ery ag as of ‘shee pees singe azn proce tah Marv fos Buoy wove op osha eee roc i ol 5,8 fate nemo sy Rome cee ion in Fomor waded cio of eee ine sd of beep tine fh ons in eye. Wes eae od epee ‘eof al emer i ptm con gh jar tine a ach Se, bt ic seary ate ange ean of oa sn win is. 2In-€8, 613, be pases ine homens Maron pes nt amy ten ne oj ine a a, proses by nvosingsupplesay vals ane ans rarely ost bt ten fe ey cil statins (Arent 47.8) ‘ee ree er ith ene en a ris 1 repr iss erenal got (bess af he esumed costa fale 2) ‘eStore fe epering sa fe ‘aarp sche posses Tae pve avers oe paces wt a ei ives of sep some wie psa Agent AY uote en Frees wih prea epbai on telly aplons Allenton ety ay ny co ens os ‘Basic for reat ad wali etlsns ae the veliahliy lok Asan tn dbo anton ere fre pean ine a ‘eon ofeach een, ewe a rb so matte rae uta gpen pe of ronan depentenc ben own. Hel Ay adore pret to fe ty saving ep es erential vega eu exes by tee ew ae Sead pnt aey mt oytem level CMTTRy PA) 0) 8 {none ews flee uo. e sem m9 ena. ‘lcd ioces ste same s'm the soya cnn esc of ‘eludancy i rally sues ta ent cent lb oped ‘how inrrting he operation of to leet. Rey ein tas {va it bocce fires oe, wheres he pt vii ‘Scimnbty ofas en anipmen or omen den Tn order wy he mses dingy excl he owing esa nar meer be masse Seon 63 06 1 Comino eperati: Bath cement of eee ic open es oven rior mag xe eae tabonyrpareey I) 2. Mo uber farsa te Sow Asis dows te Se reer scoring gies mae sey fom me ‘wom ke om wc operon conn re ag epae quent «1 Oni one pir rw aie tapes le: Rep peered ‘odig oasaieduniegy.eg fine pvp. ce 3) 4, Redundancy Reta eens gad who raps of sero aye ee wo 5 Rrawodrane Treinen sternparargntaecen 65) Independence Fle re peti es ep rf each {ne trea end ace «6 ‘eS spp ead oe age 6 “The stove sump sly in many rac! toe (Secon 6) Howe, Tarte (63 shuld te vere ecliptic whee te oped ‘len do testo pt op hat ew epi no ‘Smaps wehbe wt en elses ge ea Tampon ‘al itt moe! pr hve cnt idee tare aes to ‘lesa or conan ot tv Tees saps ayn tee Smameyrm | Counting | tt | SB a isoaensp aoe = Rimi [team mesa puttnccs | awl | in [ieee [Ceetomrieseteneee |e | = Sam. cee, "| - | —" Ee | SS siemens or cry arene lonamt ating eminem | SESS emcees emt | | ee = ES ‘ne tem reuinble sete aed in Saco 2 une nr bet Foal bcc att sate ae pall sd ser, ‘Sesaons begin Scios83 106 sing on ae ed ep ‘epby acpupto te cae nich be poco aed era per Wi jot anima mer gern ss Thi do arose he Spy eats ee mes comer pe sepa ce ‘persicae eee Sst 87 coping ie ed (ange oe, as, oon ere low ee) Mbve capsicum ss wel athe infuse of ene mas so Input owacig wdc Seion 63 0 om he sae ena en Sen 6216610, flowing 1 diel men ws wl ty ag ts, Fag * Conpuatn ete men ve ae an oe ey se valabiliy + Const fcemenay sess, pol cep of ‘tere Set dpa sto mcroarcre fe whch pees {ere rays aby (et etn) ae CHSo 3) Coton sates a vane pte gram 45 ‘Stig ia lps apace eens Mot mac artnet Ga sb), cmon fe ith ne shana #32) ees with low proaties, ~ spon xh lent in te ity sc ram wera ISrepied idee ofl elements (basen st te elabiy he nowepsie ce (Serve 21) ape oe Fob aval ne meine ca, Tee 69), 2 Austin (62 allows rd of he te space an is sigs be ‘tuston oe eutiiyaimerllay, h m flrce e e elit fncon sof Selves te many pra spline» Boo 4 Aog stforac een the elaiy ook ng te conn IMTTm << ATU tls fof he arto fs es ‘as soul fale oo tee ime alte td he dy ate aise eel caper ad 8,1a ti wo iy Rapti Sn a inet ie 86s 6 yy pe Sm ‘Forte em tnt ymin rr freccal aepleatoe Unample $3) Int second ep, moe aoe ‘Saran fern fp tes ere cpg Sn cone ih i pec ind, Take 62 gest ton fr npn fe lai a, ay Mh ed ‘Sabha moan om tne ceamig, best eg et Sign) Tn ih ne on of grotrton thd en Sion? fan tes (ea Secon 68 foe ge eet). 62 One-ltem Structure Aone sacar isan exity of iva one, wich or iver Popes rv Sy daa com ‘nr he sinpns (6.1) 1 (63) an (5) 0 (te epsiae soe te, sxe sapien tn far fe ‘eran tne FAN=Pios ed RO=PH SH, Fak, wn oe 9 OADM SH amt OME SA, =A ID) mt ae) = £00, cn P=Peapate 0 on own vse e210, reply (F4(0)=0)=Gy(0)=0)=0) ‘The ine cha one ‘Sr int mal ce Ay fe rat ee ag FyiiaH, wi eer Fad G0), ete oF Oe ial ‘he mpd and ana ear 621 One-Htem Structure New at Time! Fg 6.2 shows tee ene of rte ew at =D. yh te te fale fe opening time. Toye aly lnepedent od ‘ia onan oR) an (6S. Sit. ee par Ene bed song A) tint (0). Comer scm (3) fe ie pis Serna pond ca a eal proces bed in he gn sean erp nbn fs ‘cst ae bdo i pope. To empha one Hem unctreenew {=O atl gue if hare elas (ate Heer 1-0)62.1 Retabty Fant ‘i ela ft ges he pohly ht te tem opr in {oi Ths (conden hh wet 190) ge) = Papin anew =, oe an on £5 (68 flows at Rl) = PAs, >1)=1-F ow Theme nb fire lows om ys (18) (N38) rr Payne as wi epee el eng hol he el ie of ie he be Tite 07 Gn th ce FUN pps fs Ry) to Dat fT), i te ‘he pon criti ve he obi fing the tes peng aie Ther (rocdeog de es wa #0, Pag) =Prapats sewatt =A, ae so. fwigole PAM =I asl aee en gution (1 ba be ev in Appi £73 wee er of tt Prva, wr Ey (430.1 fe pebiy fm0 flve (t cab geste paiy Stay one of be anew pit ya Sana tna a Res) te bay ht eae cca in (Gul. Use oe Laplace nfo atic AB) and osering By 3) errs FB 61 ae Li aT 1) and) ate Laplce om of te en operating ne and eins denis ety Bae) nS Page «w Weta ene ne cima dition patauP'e rg ney 8s ih 2m Fra) Ta 1) cx tag mtn comping Se in te Piste se vere ago cmap iar ith cit 9) VaR ee Pg) ca ao e deve sng regenerate proce ramen (Api At8) Afi fui em a gomdrne,Sy rene po {hitomi othe pea exw ara =0. Tet rtp Saat an often. Phat _ _re 5) i tes of he wu 46 Fig 62 ad, (86.75, ‘Tetapoe taf Pay) ern, (02) sl gen 8) (6213 Average Avaaity eis oprang (0. Te Gomaning ete snen =O} Aneto= tel te nova « aroio~ Hage (em, esi Pl om Be) (20, To pe. (620 ier aig vst ih prtbisy Pa) esp ae nd fr owns, ems (expec ae) of isd nn ab AAG) ee abo Eq (A639). Mee mara hy ie he pry tha he em apres ane ee bingo er, Tat eseing ha em ew) +6) = Papin] awake =O) (29) snd re mtd wed fin (617 ed gts 4 0-1-4 + Shaul at E48 ane, 1626) as (One arnt Meyer gated Mae ote ofan ya giao eng wn rete era em 8. (S215 Special Kinde Arataaty nln pin a ws ahi gen Sein 6212 1 inn ey Tein ey Agee ay Seeany tesomny eine) at) ech au tae cui sn Deum one in i's tpn tne beri of sin “ip ambempee Reston okra fcr ei ee chap a fy cmt aed es SS come) Maal 1-4 Sd TMG" ws) To) the pod fues ige open ne Tg By Be (AT mh 0) =) foe Ty en (OUP 8 we big ech opr il ser tan Te fan flare F-Pt Bed Magtintp =e ¥E0-0 60 2. Wore Minion Anil: Tie wreminon etny WMA) Be ‘he prob ht th ftp es rl ‘ton ih sta operating tine Tanai any ce emg~r 10 6 ey Aaa Re Spc jam of repaint cing ik sn fl operaing ie teat (31) Sister ey (629 flow dt wrod wns tg)=1- FG)» Behe) Fea G yt 6m te) ite ditto i mm np tie doe ‘itn 0c eeu ope ht Agee he ‘Se ec ft tl down ae pr ine ne rep (Gri traproce docrtedby ig 62, te bray Qe Hb at Pre eatin (oe ew = 0 wd hilo oa at =O] =NAG (2 i ne ti nO Wgom Sickeear itis lon estan wv =Ohfg ans.) mi ft ein Ayn 28 2. Inca. Te aan 1A ge he ly of Sng he ie perio he i pt an 0, tne come al Sete irae =) ay e40)= rape rvupae 4] now 0) on) Force of cos fare rate eo eves pat? ad wpa +8 oy (63 weincpentent Ig = PAPA. 9) Fer aati ub ect cnr hl even earn cnc a he flowing womanly ecve cen Agen 23) opine) ‘he roti ore ist eee ea elaiy Ml #9) sen 1 (620, for be second eve ncn fo con the ton {attr of te orcnd cares tine fe op tet Ach Hp 6h yeaa be dfn be tem iit te rence Pig (> «| sow att =O) Praga. patie 0) and in inane A7 2a coming Be (610 a (625 ritpnsalennenolePineinbsesllare a sO alas) teen eat) AG aorseramgusem sein] fy crPseo ne ers PME rn « he 6) Pp =) get Pais fRant-Ri- ne 6am wi gdp ead ssp sera (2 ThattdjSmantechased aac Payne Ph Ve oy nttg he Scming te! we ee ah ®at triad ag pe os ke ages) yer) fe 90-RO~ an, om she), food neato teats se Ba A, ak Teter Pane, a= PA Aha dea ARG, see Bes (at 63) Biy a fr hy th bation ton rth lerwd eran the down ig 00 3, ey ruo-toes-nep at eae 20) wo ith hat) RODD se 4, pret Revenue yams epm 1 ayn ei Rte, 622. One-tem Structore New at Time ¢=0 and with ‘Constant Fallure Rate & In may petal pleas, a cont fl at en eae hs ‘ie, exreuins of Section 621 ne pied aking cn of he Inemplns propery sven econ are ae. Tae 3 rami he eHn=R0-G0), 623. One-tem Structure with Arbitrary Init ‘Time 1=0 Conditions at 40) aad Oye eine by Ege (62). (68, sad (IO, las to» te Seer tones pa cts ed He A a 1. ety feion Ri 2) = Papin. p40) Fl an ‘ation (A) flame fo he more rer xpi Pri a= 07 pint} Pap att 0 Papa ops =O) Fat A. 2. Pose avai P06) PA) rope = =F fala sde oA p ral 0-F— aa, om Hi gal FDAED THOMA RDS aM Nyyl™ EA TaInefolewns gADeKOeRO) RB n= ea pen. Henna we 4 era rebity14.048) 6120) = Plupat.s+0), =P F414 frgat Heap +0-pifrgaoht-Firs0-mee (os 5 J ott 1248) 1820) Papaya 49) ils 4) rg) and #40 en 638 ‘le 63 tm rep ems mr eh ‘ol | (ern - 1 conan [PACH ee eee eer gtr tea FAT [oer ta SSE | Heine | acim annette ga | feeamie ‘ermt| nam | mom Bene Meta) an eee6 Fart ecrence tine (tu) 204 a) 8.6) ings BED, 0 sh 141) soa 6a PD fm (8 mamaereal Peed «on done raatont Giro dy s0- p04 294g Ctr 2-6 With bua) HO KOMORI STEROL) and Sunde eA lH MINs BuO HD apreion fr mishon why ad wnt isn aalaiy are gery {ny owt rane 0 (29 ed (DH (CTE 624, Asymptotic Behavior ‘eatin, om aly. and roe i fe awardee es {Ea (02) oa) ome a gute whch se dees of a [ayo te ta re eo 7 gran smn I oy mann ae Ao oom p10 =m ae gltroDa oo Ben) I80)= sn _. oo fe Musa gg h-oone « ee ETE =F, MOP Le #212. ad Pag) ee pi ‘By ecning 2) wth p= ad Fy rm (6ST oy CSD, Srantan Tween wien wl aeanaie Wed ph Bmw se jure Farner Teta ee onasag 08 nelonMeTe mt t-norm 50 Ine cto ie i acon i Ba 6) el waco Bose B peo ‘Tas fr ipa come of PA) vad PAA eos wi te asa 1 eof) 0. Ih somal ht UB}, ein i FBacei lds for eney 120 (6, wid PeI/eRar IC he reps ete ‘ae t=O) resin. hn) Bae for 4-1 a or erent fons (812) ut sevwrm-1 [Aetna rg “Te inporancate a gama bain wie mse and he rater Bodin torgeo-ab tet, madras Pale naar le oe rab Be (6.12) 625 Steady-State Behavior afo-aone en te aerating rene! proces desrhng the ine Behave of oem repable urce ony Geass Apps A Wh. yan spe (65, eng the pi ey A. “age lily (6 intra ati (4) a sally 649) and Teds meas ef the own canescens (48) 29867) he ‘ales ge ye (a) (651 fora 20, tr Exampe 6 ore poe ratty PA. Ths eat betwee etic ad Std sae ea) Setar orn a prc pletion eeu alow he allow ‘neste replete (etna bean Taegan th ine "= on wb cored nly for 120, ‘heme = 0 hang amare ep Frosmere 4 mgs | aimfeae| ear [eed aie P aeons taloame| vue [erstenarere | Jermain | sein | ep? |crensrar, vie | tee sete i coms fle ra and contr rite converge Sey ste expel ih ine mtr =D (E999, Fee ‘ees of Sete 62, seas enable aie hl fr hot ‘peat ie tine rach eats he dr of mapas of 12 MITE ering oe pion Gl Ings esr ey le ‘etavirafs mpi nen stu pe elemg ‘nity ate puns Pass vara toon ted een mr Sn mt sort ew bo, Saran chao tnt ye 27 Bebo Aone, 63 Systems without Redundancy The hla nga of a iow reddony cos ese onmcin of sls Fo gb i 64 Ec comet Bg 6 ‘Renal byte debutante 0) fhe alee pra es 8 G0) rea ts 63.1. Series Structure with Constant Failure and Repair Rates for Each Element Ret-elet 658 oun=taert om 2 bya 8 He wet ay gn re we ayn) hole fr (att Boa fh (658) a (59) th ote ho thes isa by ime homopencr Marton poe. Lt beth ‘psc apse tl % ste ch semen Baden, Taking wsaeson (62) eco. neh res dig seit sem ee sete econ eon esi Wik U= (4), = 22) nd he ron te sce Fit 65, atin tio ae 2 fo ete fli fe ‘Soman et rar a on yang, ort tr0 1 ty naa app Rsoin wit Am = Ea 6s) nd fri oo tn fale, werrg wo ‘The pi vali ire by PAs =Fah wa ws i Gm a Tt 62) rate oS hrgetar mane Fui= [ge terRy—the, —ekom wa, The wlan (5) eu oe towing Laplace fin abe 48.2 oe Past? Fagin= 56 Fr a. (he fs hapa sa ae fe pola ar ‘Sey ae rm 7 P= Ag 65 Bes) =PAsgne dn, (666) ‘ete sein eye RyO)=PAsebnt wm 1 Sym ict Rainy m 632. Series Structure with Constant Failure Rate nd Arbitrary Repair Rate for Each Element General he pti i non actions Gd), wih ees 20) fi Gy0)-0, ub totam Marker pre in ie ya tbe Marv gc of Be. TW lb tio di ma ne lr en by (0) and (61. ee poe aye ‘te en Ma atin probes Qi ag Tae 62 Oyd=Mita sents be peter terra iata ems Og =0f0 hove (se “Toe rtm of gl Egon he mtn pris cmon le atte) 1 fall es fo Tae 2 sat feet alte, belo = ute Lape uso fe pit oelbiy PAP) ne ens fey om BC) ; oo askin ++ Bt) Fas fee ch flows the arm anda le ofthe pit nd ere Pash sn» he Sigur we yo- tones, mB 0, wt em ‘eter ality an compu eer tom (55) wih PAs foe 1B (perm By 7 wit PA eB (7)ie 6 mn Ay pte Se Seen inked wn poms he tsiad 9708 Te ne at vor ins eh eee Side nse am ach genase ht Feri mtg) tn Pgs ton te (633. Series Structure with Arbitrary Failure and Repair [Rates for Hach Element Cerin leu ue ee operag ine sib fesse Stamey skp T lene ra (Srsiced tsetse poses Using for th appsination en Elan ‘bation ecto he pce sem Maco.” AS th ene ‘Sse cn of to-eemen seen race (EB) sd sume i he fear ne re ry, ih dems Bgl) 8 food he alte ‘ing neta ei uperer” wm fal =hgetet ww ation (72) he ey fhe om i xpos sed nen ‘ine raw denny Aye-Dn Uner se sump, welt or see caves Yo» Lowa sany rena wth cot ‘le ie ess wth an leet wt enn flee hy ge 6 {Even oun rina oct pam ae cresponting se Panstion ‘Segoe gram ely lrfir he poe pions an san ot Be © Spit amine i cider a dag fhe tston pba (+84. Ze Sen op te, Ze aml 2 me planes ener conte iy Fate tr ion pie he ie a Oe) =@n 69 Aaa Bastar athe 296)-0nt0 fon oxisiefrvins co om (75s a 38) ale ig Ba, 6 srg = Baste, - en - raninchgurehyinn 242220, gry Tig ett C= By 0d” ‘Moe 5 Ene iy Sk dapat en aan 0 te (Ben pm any ee pres ca ear ‘Stotegan (neha teenporn ptw ey ity ote Spa PA AS apg TAH MITA aid gon 2 2aioH Ow ow Fethg lth qn, “Deel lily Ry, +) canbe cline rom Ral.) Rs OY Fr RS) ih (0) 8 pce ft conta fale re oy 24. ner ea reine sees ste sand in Tle eons upraaee | hee Maem ss | ieee emacs > eee fio eben spe EE” PSSees cae eve alee Carty | Baga =m Tomawrviarmn | SS ae Setar 64 1-out-of-2 Redundancy ‘ae 2 riya 0! of 2:6, she ees edt seid pie Hs of wha fm eat witching fate det, the way ok ara ple Comesine semen sot EP 67 Tveigaons a ad ote sup (6.1) 6 (87) Thc nies a pti, th he ep ofa ead ame Rpt niyo fle cane an peo ith rpton oft spool pra. The ter sy ap beianng wi he apnea de ery (Senin 83. lauove suche nce nS 63 64.1 Lout-of2 Redundancy with Constant Failure and [Repair Rates for Each Element Bee of heen ae and ep te te ine heir oe Lon? tency ca oe eit y 4 Tite) hompgencom Maroy pce Toe tamer of ifclanens Fl aera (6.8) an ya ‘eet (Fig 49) the comeponing ogra of tason gobs fa (i +8 wea phenatg 475 ‘tesco ft ecu etl mets Band (a sang 6 foe ditt sere) ad se tsb focioa i eae tee pasa ns ge 67_ ayn dap sca ney ein iam emi6 6 yates 1) late reseve st, This inde eine (pt anda fr y=, waren ‘cy fry hy dandy anne) fey 0. Rep ie ‘Somme edttocd Geno of hy acang aie om tan ene an eth rt an at pros wedi Apex ATS Fal hese sys slop vegans wing he mead of ‘Serena guns be 62 mab Append 8753.1). ge 68 pe he ‘Sees often poaline a) fe heen of Be polo ‘Sli Fe tanec etn Pg 680, ‘Coming in ebarinrnesFan ,ellowing irene qa cm eed forth sae potabies PHD. a FO Ringe es whee Bo)= hp nga) 012 tra RyOnd- +2, 989+ AODKE Rue) = HUEY Ree PAO 4B) N0-HBH}e COA ve For 0, fons nat finer RHO Awa Hone sRInrereTyeOH Bude -wRDeNOR os) “Te pte ail suntn (55) eal bsnl om able (2b cn ig. a I sl ln te se pois RD). 0,2. ‘Neoniog ial cna #0, F0)=1 a H(0)= a0) =O, Beane ‘Ra rin we ec toi nn poner F) '=0 42.1 Tag = Fh e240 09 l= The onlay PAS) tee gety shee 62) PAs)= Ral fh (66) PAS) of PAsg) sald hve Sen Semi fc er inal edo ey. (6 fale et Laplace of PA) eawPraye errr (sry st es eee Payte'= Rois fain NosyraTe nr pec ae oc pot y, ecny e inPaggih=Phy—— BORLA 2) ROT gs, a Tanaewet porate PA Paste Pay ao vale ftp a erage aalty Inte anadea foa 29. “ecrny he tpi by he mt nia ean (Git on ifn tte ev te dow a te lel eZ 18) nila ented Tomogr este 7, ms De cee fuse to mule Zs boring ig 838) la cn 2 teres ne rans rind te obo a Za at robehy of tng nurs 2 re the ee ay 1g ‘Fotwad eb e se prods ig. 680 wil ke mated by so ‘ele Tenino rb amar Bie) = -aenamenvrion Fen =-asnmineranasay B= Ha. (29) sap te amovntg a pei Yi, 3 We ‘al onion 1-0, FAO Land PO) PAO}, he te pokes th Fad la etl othe aon probes Fig) iP and Pod = Pa) Te rely function ten Beh DY ree) Raa) = Pit Tg (650) Wi he inal camdton FO = 1, Ra) wos have been ined (650) ele owing Laps easton ft Ray)setheay Real) Sea ie aoa rom wt be a tn flare M7 ~ Ry) allows at sr SS morta or atl vpn ist ain occ Toes hs slates cosa ee end) (yt) Pom (1) flows a Fae oma Bonne Rat nde wing Tle AB, Rat) Rayorne”™ Ung IE =-02 fee arn TAP et 28H Rl) xn Ba Be porn by a dering apne con wie Par co, ape ante ean wh conte flare eh ad ot! ep ae ebaer epanimant ae ner Stare wih ens fle ae he “S80 an ean! "api te or the skeen star on Be ota comping Ihe uations forthe wade point svaablay. and ead sion esto at war bts (2, <2) eae aod Me aig "2h, 59) ‘Asin ese contin, he teal 0 sty eed ce of memorten” prope of te (ne) bamegensns Maer ‘rbohis Py) mal be ay face) se Tie 62. soming ial codon Ot ide lB) RR 600 The Lape efor of Rp, 8 en ey Haan) OH AIR NHO=2, Ra) : AGHA IASB HOH” ‘which ett ling samp sed sey atte ale ae 2 sOr=K MH AR oR. (695) To compte te cine of campto seth, sow ges he resin fren yor sey, aed ner eay ming ne mtd of (apd cuan Appts A732) The Qa) glen aeons Ea, (aay (= Pq =P >2)=Pne Merb at eter ut Piay S20 4a> l= fumed Been, cainettensintaetalefartemne 2 oor entnemten sala er penrot cnhdeaeertn nate suet as feb bie ton Ry ad Rs) we Ra=eORMs fda ne Bed reHgte nde retnefucdonya-niesfiedonery-st0 1 ayn Ay apie tnirejarineasrne- ne sunsets fpe trays ebony Ryle faeeene—ane oo forte son poser ‘The no Be. (696) a (97 el ae (G68 (690, Egsos 66 a (7) show ow ee es "sos can nd quran lta ene "ie 6 cima fe ne Secon A. gt approximate fedntaey (y=), warm eduatey (hy ch). aed Sy reddy (p=) Rew Tle 6 ie ipovenet Ay) ow ea, wi Inco eprint ev en ioe nl per ab) Avra = aia She Invenio of analy sts 1~ PA ei dertgetemys tends ‘he sore ec aye etn covert ih ioe ce ‘ep eee tid oat chngs, for example ean load sharing. ‘eres hin the ener ropa poy. Tse singly a {ceniem sans one gm of con pte fe nes foe ‘Semple ige 2d AT HATE ams ‘Ra nm St ite Th de om dy it ek eters ese fm ae Say hain Rl) sk mete MET ty Sea eset rte st Sette) | Sead oa sa" [Batra | Sitode wisoet | after | alot Issrae : : srr | eteaaeanet | stan laa ee =| Fi 9 geste ly ba dp an ea fw (tev bri yc slam mp Neco Sa Souter eter ra ar hth hg NT) rg Ey loo, Ss Naty a om ‘eb 8 Se lay hrc ont satin bet we tape MEME aah ‘mec humegtamam h.qaon wnat)m 6 ty Ay pe Ste donnie Orem Amn e Benak eho winbn Bema Wenehenen any en, est te inly mae ec eet ee SESE cc at RRR NNSA a OTE —— gem we Baga ory gn nos 8 let yy nmr my tora sar 80, ps) sso sta 642 Loutof.2 Redundancy with Constant Failure Rate and ‘Arbitrary Repair Rate for Each lement Cenc os 2 warm reddy with 2 et een By a, fate fr tes tcl edge Ey (2) nd (2 ono ies ‘ihe MTR, crowed secrng oa eine auton fon GU) ‘i G0) 20a ety (Thane er of inseam dd Tote w se ZZ am 2" Bece fe ary pe si yl 2 nerepio se. T es NN ‘em Marv rosin prebaiies Qu) ae given by (X77). Stig ‘Sequin nt quon of Tete 2 (SM by comes Q412)= 04) tnd OCs) ag. sare A, eli ae forte lyfe Ry Rs), soon shan, Bool Seater R N= BFA ia) sey! on eosvafasapetoengoone eee sfuorino-oerfantertnngne auncy 6 nso Asap Syne fore amin probubiies Ry) o he ee e-Mako pacss ‘vin 'ster Zane”, The Lape tenor ef the pont stabil Paral Rt) Fy allows onal of (10) sion Hyehc-HrAD YRS BO Ge# |, BON 998 snd ee oh ypc nd sey wal te pol oe PAs od ‘Serte cay Ady male Bay) =o oe, mpeg (SN) sha B) RO ere 2) PR (6109 Peat 6109) rte =faconpae 10 ithe Laplace nr te ey go = eB, (680 for spe es Ba) nih sad Bene 6a 6 apoio GF GD). Caetano etter eb ie oem ae 2. ‘epee cay at oeence pit Fg A710) Hoven Bn! ot MTT ee say ae f Be Ste pote fr Z, (2 =m) ‘actos very sal hp tothe stat poy fr 2p (4 et), Fertbe symptote eas ake of he ene rey ae a a0 OSA MITE Inyo ppcnins, ATH | Qed 0, 64 tenses » fo ee fostoPnce—shde= Pais Saye filed ia. Se] apt 0) | Zener a=0 gg eS Sere ain a) | 2semeret t=, cambeoiined fe 611) te fone) Mona wy had EDA VOrRDHVODEROM EE om (0, the dey af et renwal procs Wi eel ois Opp ‘Coe ihe ce in ish 1 =0 ne Zara Te rei Jinn Rs 0 wie ra 66) ste) “nhs APA, 618) Pho) Peeve ceentp atime Zee t= 0 8 fine, 225200 4 een ti Rene ame Nad ¥O)*H0)¥vOMODEEIAW ne ‘Te poi atin PAS oe by hie or MrT ao segs and wes vases fe po od ‘rere nay iy” Aty fr wich lbw caps fad (Eun motte rr dy) Pa) Jao srry = MOTE A By is fine EPA = Phy = Ady == . wun Fosnsaxone woe fa Fn (6137) “Te mode ened in hi eto as plc of Seton 42 Wit Fo)eIne Mand WOU wei athe Lato tony ene taumpie6 0 Pag fre at andy nn wine Peni tyne fFannera 0 ennnene ‘erm Hf et . Je-now ser Fu-royas 2. a) er Jenene femme anya ny yy Jocnne Ton - porate ors auto 2 edn with wiry repr nd ae ‘rar een pe win mp poco een Tale 6.mm 1 tn ie Se ‘Maree M7 apg ty a eb on eg SEG eae ans ay Bg sme ne) | ; | | 65 k-out-of-n Redundancy Akowt of eindacy ohow s howf: Gate es fete ene, ich seer fr te rgd con Sed ay ne ‘Reve tame te dann a ch fe ay sk fav are 612 eli tok rn i i il hn ei el lot BE ly rei em ft fret yen ‘lw (es aig sepa a json ee se pected pee spc (ea). Seton 1 wl cose he ae of mar edna ihc fi in te operon tty © ee seo eset ‘eye ly ot ep crow pup (63) Ts ee les (Sine resundney hy =8) a sandy veda (hy 0) A een ‘rcv sans uhh ae eed ae cng Sr trl arog aly psig te pene egos fe be ih tat cer etgein Appt A7 Seen 52 ees Jeorot cine rod wince ean ay pare The Intenso ch ona ceri Sens 651068. 654 k-outof Warm Redundancy with Identical Bements ‘and Constant Fare and Repaie Rates ‘omy mn nesta rh on ek poe 3. ae 7 oe om ag ote toa ie ‘abate or th tepals 1) Bristow ‘Sr eddy idine pew tad fer ae tpt dons fun vaniomuno Byer yak ( OMEMDEHB A Sebo 9 eth HFe ti umone eke wren) Pas eh- Dy ak 98) Fart vegton of mice sera ston (ub hinge an tm) ne can te Noh andthe ae ie Ape A734 “hese sen (17 ih the ial cana = HO) ad (= rj, ye pw nat eT 2 of) om wit Fy os (6137) wit 0). a may pat plas nly spond a ab ep oa dy Ph ee. ‘Th can be sed ty Sting #090 a By) =H Bg ITY, Amend APSA The ton ox PAs te symone ce rae aay Ady AvSownieEtmple AT (A7183), 20, <) 4s at From the fallowty Bando ag bee in many pesca (asa 21) #0.) oan aprcima exci Pl asin hy ttre any 65 hata, 20s ‘enc ns mae 3 neern egg -adeg sie ‘veh sin (138, Semtex ean ne fire stig = 4 MIF SHAT, Jet BL serine ARM ue a ‘Te ston of Bp (6142) (614), shoe ha Bh Rl) MTT sloendon Tse orn Fant serra (usp Yew em sostor nk 2 Ryne Sten neon Hwy Barve wo Weers ono vemM IM me AUER ace “Thi ls stay fr ep nae Ply (Tle ‘Beceem alr the acre tows ty fom mR ot60 99) - FyeoRy nok 16196) Ehony ih Fy #50 Ba, (6199) and Rel) Som Bg (14D wih £28, The6 6 Rein Avan thine syne ES Hetty a yep nd en atv sen eaby IBD tee anne wt rh dy ay i a eit . ‘ttre statin Pusig ata encanta rence ta yO)= EERO. un Tikanancoreeioemewamme seth 7 fom (514), Tle 8 omar on ea fe Le (Tis doi ih coo ae sd epr nae Menace] Mrentscmeren neato | “ese r compre veins a Sctn 67) nena cet be : _—_liaeer| inapendanet lloing spratna eps canbe en ace a reoccy whet nandt T6139) | Sora sai) cigs aune, apices Minette ae maken al | tach aati” sn rgat A (Samu, nnpiromn Aacct | wicgn 2089 [aga 652 outofa Active Redundancy with Mdeatical Klements, tap | Constant Faure Rae, and Arbitrary Repair Rate er ee ed Craton of th eps eds uote prose wih ony me ws wl rexartin nates (2 od 2 Fig 13). Te vein ct te Tauro end af Seton 642. Ase examples cml! «2 ers 2 Soest oacmienmam tee Stipa ts ltt _ Taxmnagaiana bag Ss aos rae alee pffrerizy-neBr nti 6159 oaieG- can Aci fiom i Ep cena oar oear seine ~~~ ce Sassi ETN TESTUSETUESIS. TEEN) ost GAIAM +SN)—SAG BND ‘For the polte availablity, Fig. 614 vies _ : ooo vie fae ong et o cinerea Mt Fg aay2 6 Ry hay pipe Pagin=e P= felde 2 Page aee sfumnt-etineagieesne us som tc ceraunt Ten ee Re TN PR ise Tem ad tae ete ln et by ee 3-40) Phy w Aly eae cs it SET spr By (10). Fee oye an sey sue veo te Imerys praia gen sin tha of (12) ca tied sos apices. Geral fe le wn prasad Rae on Qe ees iow ae ran a recone 66 Simple Series/Parallel Structures Aeon arc ae aby cin fee nd pale ae {Se Tole 2 for some emp Sach ante gerry vee cently Manor or sath poem Table 2 can we “Ars ling engl lteter tf? ete danny wi Alone E=5p = nse sling canon By Thre eb fn hy a wl the aa es yy tnt Teen a aly oe route respon af (apie a Fd or fur of ssa Br forthe ee Pn ln rer ares ots (aes cg rng tae pe oe eg, ermine 615 pes ey xk ge ‘athe agra of wasn oie re, The lay ns an te compa ing Tbe 62 o ely by sonirig tt oases sce Sheseaaly sy vel le pth athe ees cement Raat ote fae La in) les dy fom ede) Ri.) ENGE Wih hy abe AT) maa (186 Reais — ws Gash eke kOe “ ‘Teneo tine fare MET ws en MPT Ry) davon 1 ass MO Nach on” REE ISE A he ‘helt par of (6.158 ely shows he et of he sees ent By ‘he armploe ad seattle 9 he pol aval and rane laby Pay = Aye pen by than towing ssc ge eB gba ep the R288) acken, nek, Remeaene 19)210 1 ye ay ap San es 1 ety i ag dpa ie i (1 a (Siena utheretny vnunet ae hy Sess fy mee nr rr ie Fe wtta e ne (ay coten boca fe ity aud apy) of ef ‘eee (199) he ped an ep! byt ih ome, = ‘ane ofnrdgendece, The ston ys veg en ih Men ET, dy 200 Mt ay (1) ‘fort en ine le (61S, eat prt of (6.160 hows et ote oma Esse pp id ay ste eo he ‘ema rly oe cis Ta 2) Rel 4 Ri) Ri) Roh cash amet cei cn psn ano it rang ee naa 4 sap Sea si a ‘onl asin pin 48 ig 8 ab 17mg fi 2d yw iS rf mm a eateas aeka 8 Asasecond example et at coer a2 ory reddy (a ace edtansy sees wt By). Asanti (96.7 aso oi en prcar usepin (62, fer fest tom downy "Te ‘pon cen ae res hoe ned ey fhe ‘Sem leen area ume dss codigo Gh 1) =O nd Suit gi). Pv 6 eshons te compo lah amt he ate onton agra Zan ps2. 2 a Ze rinse {i const a tmtMarkv proves embeded ni ep proces Ts Propery il be wd fore imeprons Pm F616 and Toe 2 era 6 ey Ai api Sm felon Sr te em Mar rani robbie Qs Qh Qo Qu Qin andj ocx 41 Osh cons ean aye! ote Ina S26 > 9-2 ell fan PAG, at fans MIa nay ore Oaiei=Pint #1 fovine™ Hen fungBicanc ng puttin see fain frye aye Qnii d= oe xe ogi eure 1600 1s) efor, at) wt to cog the pine ality aco fr Oe pre swing bm te Zo state and that 2 ent «regeneration se (Gotiy the ton 20% av i AIG, a fe isd) hg and Cea een in i ae ma Mo ae rosie (2 an 2, re repeat te), however ey el ‘Scamp fe be earpaion be refs won Coming ht 294082 a ses en ee tne reper sta, ts al she tore exes, de flowing sya ep ego et cabled ore ln Ry) nd Ra) Ra eMKG-GOefuldeDRG Eade, — IK) ‘eso (616) gine — SBR —Sgl 7H 169 rerecsroresiiie cererery erg eq SHRED 0 Ses ers TST} Aaoand hes ao ar etd be recy obi fr Ep (5156) and (elsipeysetig ay EQS) arth po vat, aan of esi robbs Fi) ‘ele6 2a 163 eis ne ERG eye ne at noo fre OM Rye nde ALR Hippo uote rae one iy nine a-onyefune Rome sight eM emEAR|-9 ArH, «far ne sy rom Fg (167) sn (6168 lows a he oi aalay PA t= Fy) and em i (wing be Lape som) ttn nea 6 may Any Rpm Das, wAd—jh +d) P= Aha Tea: NI witha per (10) Porth ane nf sey teva of he ner ily, De owing porns carson cn ede pce scans B(6.110), =A herp -2da—fa-rA CER HGhed TER AG aTDR 2-5, 1989 (617), A= iF) wih Ry om Ba ION, Fer OR) ‘(8K cu A eed amet (1 mgt 6 eine fat MT ma ye Inspiring Pg gfe ect ‘Sit hye eta cent yy (0 8 ete nbn 2k) at a asta 30) 1 9, a nd i rn M1 BEeay vy wah) ‘ene prin aig (9 el ene BSE vn GTR SRS Meee (4 Sop scat Ss as To ge a rf for be mel nace of diet pris inaie. igs 617 and SS cong th ea ine lee MIT 88 ‘Symp day ste way 1g of sme bc teresa nucures Te gun sob oad sing Yb 6 10 ch mre Teale of Sections 21 G8 apni expense ake os {Slo A compe wih pt 2d 29 eee ce) ena ‘atte etna pn ne yet eb a hows tat poset se etring oh ssi Figs 617 an 18 ‘ewig Zrii a be sabes The alee rte ofthe series seme a rept of? ate ‘enya be gre tan 1% (01 or BM 230 of the brea often amine mth et i 87 2 £001%y in erer, amd Ag < 0002, for /hy>500. (6.170) 6.7 Approximate Expressions for Large Series/Parallel Structures 674 Iatreduction ety me vintners arcs ily tecomes ie comming vn cna may aad conta epi es md for tah lees, fee lk grams ny (Ge meo ne fave ATT the cya hy Py ‘mrs ote of alae. Thre bea he age tne of Src oman one td ET Btn thar cen ol aposinte expressions for the ost eat and ‘iy ne ied yor follwing meine 1 Ieper a rep cath eet fe iy Mock dares opts inependety fom every fer eenen (ce ‘ends. Independent leet to rp eew foreach eet, ‘evel wuts canbe eed to ote state, hich ‘emus suceeded eat po Oea6 6 nay ny apne ee {papa on br ed ns a Bae smithy Leg = je : de raya “4 o)e- serene: einen BByAe aes gest Comin oe rl races tie, pone Squeegee mires menagea 6 ny nt ay gps flee hp and he Mente sealality Phy cea fr he tossing scart ae sed tof seat TTR, from be elim Pty = PTs MPA wh ER = WE ‘ee fle a ag mo ip aT ‘csr se wl rr pons, se Sco 7 > feemenrl Tiger leve (ego no enor nse). smn Aspen G61) (hf ace ene epee fea mcrae ‘le sins, S621 2. One reir nko heroes tm owe scp (63) nd trove plone, No ee alee ee fates (hoe «mia tem ee we ep, Tis ston ae nfae Sere fie aye ee an fence on he aa lined en ye Sf eaon pbs in (48) of for he ste ase tga, dis np mina non meme of ae he ne gam. The choc cet (onen F=2) bd on be road pechion. ‘Ape tont of eee forthe syn nd ends ea he eit avenge aay PA edo te maping ts wh {Brea he sytem lve! nthe sie Zy had eth pes ie the oper f= Bf oad fo 22pm see (A163) has en veda 2519 (Cacia of eer Groping of sane a te ably sk dag (ever elements for example) orf seine Sgr of asi ‘pottilra rel poo Ie gee an imporan ocoe o he inborn te ape, A sino fe sve mt oui. Conergy se ety fr sts wi erence aa te ye el eres apy he me of ares ewes (71 gear), th ave od $l god aprons person ety and Pa apes 17 Apa gn La Sau Seen, 29 overt elaig we meray 1— Py etd | vec delet oer al, for suns a fae? wit a re of agen fr wet? tte eniny (Tate 69 td 0) Aw mie seer te sane Oe est pen) the ee mets ned Sete 672 2 mete esl wid ey ge ap 60S 67.2 Application to Practical Example ‘sts tty Heck gra ss i 619, an sum ate sd ura tect hyd coat mp esp yea ey ‘21 Mad 30 Sein 69.1) ot one rp Sew sem fare flees System down. Figre 20 giee te corepedig aya sf tate robin im (148) esses rome ser seme the iy ct Giga of Fi 619 cacti an vider owe spar fr ce poe at es na pe ‘xem of Fig 6.19 would contin sore than 50 ste the muamption of mo ‘rcs spe dwn ne Sed, Hr cu ees ‘te fhe pol tog sniy y= Aa pe Meta 149d 2 ce 69 tnt ey ek ap epmm (yt hy deme Meo 1 Seton 671 Ys ing Tae 69, 75 (6176 Pra Ba (6175) ageitite eam) igor Bt a Pach ay, ou) he es Se Met 2 fom 67 Ys wn Tal 610, (prin ng Lg Stel es a re ein era re yasm yn ty ep yen Hs sim ron (Ha (18 a agen Aah ah s «ais cam) Mesh 9 Sein 67.1 yl sing Tle 62 and Fi. 620 flowing seen fag eqns rt ma me ale © M7) lM ea at a one that eects hate Dg Mp1 3D elles gts Pha faye PM tnd a Pasta, I) Fn (6180) (6185) fama $4004 F109), fa TT agaa ey F9%) pao tennme yn a ep tease pereeee meh ama us Sindy frantic tn sna vale of ep dae a thie PA, = dhe lowing sytem geen cn be sbed e ‘e62tnd e 620, Whamhom hows om ATM BewAOEREKA. — B= MMP Pures 23g oh 2PM RAK ASB KAS oy =tha MOA ies OR =F, aon aA oh aaah a Aenea sp with an By (6185, Ov (asl chon base fe ing sua (Santino ti 12 poet be oe needy th 1 oe, B= bore of eer pends Te eon ys FM oa we Phe= Allon thet abyss ttyePhe oa) nowsar day 6190) So he ence elie (ed Uaein Fig 71) Ugh nade lias (q (R842). Pan can coups roe y= 10 aT a os) kde 9/2 quiet he stat se don (gen frome "yp vas oy By Tate A.) ere? come ja je mle ea) "poh -Byy tnaebo e n rwctogmBy de ump t038 byw jan ec -09 Se ca 08,08) Geis a3 ey20 sil uC ay ae The cones Hine jy end fc a be wed sensed cence Os PSA lesion PSi\h wth y ineps) esmey p24, wih y oo ae ‘stat peg pn see cumer ie) -08 ‘Spine hepa neh Te lof Anan pane ered nd (M2) cn be ol oe se ns snd iyo be nomber of bsealo® & In epee a (ee Oenonberl osteo sample ee nfo gw peta ET Rebs wih y= By) ad nn sop CA) by sap ben an, ‘Ain, 2.5 gy Din 1. the 19972 une of te saad ‘Coma Sin fog, be 164 fo 7209, Table AV). For 9 gph ‘Stan, ip. T lem be wed by ig eb pr kaw, i ‘Winand y/o de ce. 7412. Simple Two-sided Sampling Plans for the Demonstration ‘ofa Detective Probabilly p Ine coment acne emanation of fein ci» ‘Son eed nao vats ecm Son 1. Thema Some of rat io hsk seo notes Hyp gan aterm The > monte ts fe fowng ape beeen Pot ‘he ssl be acd wih probity ney equ (bt not ss. {hon fe ns dcr we a at cid wih obey oy ru tnt es than) 1-8 YP (pester an m Copant omy we en eles 14 Sit ly Co 2 le esc deci pba ihe maa capable dese Praag ase allowed peri (pe tera) poe Fesing ae hype py ihe lowe canner tC rah ee rota of ssapig the ypotei Hy: pcm athowgh ce ‘Semmicebyhes "p> pes (teflon il bly es fine demct=fely Velen afte agreement aed move 2 pb ‘misc! pba eng (Aprenin AB) can be perc oe Sis single osm pon suena! Inthe he be ‘naive uc emo ria eal Apen i AIO 7A. Sipe Tweed Septg Pane "he pce (pln fhe ip sed sanping plat tos (pope B31 1, Pom py a, deter smal integrand wie Eflee-ne tate on Shiecnrsse 0» samp and seminal (pcm) Be sity pen) Be am “egg f Fig. 72 np city he ay of an lee Append [ASAT rs oa Iai te egies (7.8) and (2), kn an Iving 00 more thane cies in ale in Sac he opening ‘Senate csc ye ny, ea ae cn Teta det yo md Bea iy irinttn Bnd yp rt coe wre Prton proviarin 129 ep. ‘seg opening crc he Aner Ong Quay (200) cana, AQ repeats e prcenage 3 define est a ech te ‘Seo sng a al eee anger ave ben 100% pete an htu 2 see in then don ey 200 prtecoune! ine S WO ay The mim ano 00 the AveraeOgolg Quy Li (74.75 ‘este lon fe nga (78) 0 (79) eecmig For seal aero fy atl ep en) Poon proinaion (romper -tptenr am cn te wed (a (A512). Subse We pporoute ebe aby Ha Chi ne 9) (9) ae Rn Sie wh pcs ate 493) Micratay. he carves of Fg 7 poe gop! ws, ‘Minty my ail tin, aa io rome ett Sine pene mmancaenere posse yr 3 ad ng i 8 Pima e Maota aagtf Heenan erver a 2 Sine ay Com ms 722 Sequel Ts The precede fo sent ows Append A832: nadmen-h sy =| N . TTT : er? Pa in wana am 4982698621 2248us 1 Sn ay rasa Te oa aus ‘Sendai ado ete onc cer eon te (cup=02, Trades of he sae tte Baton serge eae 2 Stabe: tele sae tent cespasing inl ed amps an ee Exemle 7102 Fi. 78). A nage te deon ete enge See) sac 73 One-ided Sampling Plans fr the Demonstration ofa Defetive Probability p “oe wos ampig pla Son 7.1.2 a fi in te ee a f=. {hth peocer an cnt one me ra akg «fae deen cial pans weer oneal snp lowe le Po Sit pa B etn Ine ce te ogeaing care ce» potconplly ded. Fe every we ee Lest n= 2) ‘se wih slates neu (73) fr Se py lh eta es hs en gully 9 er gen pan B_ canbe shown a ‘remy cursos cover eae nce se ake of cs ee Faye TA AES) Hote fc wl aus of oer py sed ren) eth ose tp 08 Bs en con B roe. Far eal fr [en pate oper chance vem eo T= P> PS feral ar fe nd te poe eae aa Whe oly py andr paedBie pen wus Ose PrAQh aka trPD, 16 wee AOL Ace Quay Lee LTP tL Tolerance Peet Def (ABCD) AST). em. na mnt et 08% me A tee omer of ee sping pln forte demontaton of AOE ‘MU-Stb-1 DIN 080 (72,75. Many ese as have xb eal. The towing oman beet ies ch ae 1 AL vas pen in 2 Theale fornand ain gene tang he Poon prin. 5. Rvallstes cf ctl, eal fen Serene arg © 4, Sisledoe wd alte a aenp nee 5. Rentini ae betwen snr (eve soa tes ev! cod {Guedes (oe My level somal ve. ‘eked ene es in un ve! is ees ‘Pentel fed er tere vs Lan eo ed. 1 Tae vale of He oot gen expleily (Gr c=, for eample, © ls “ele ptns sae poete o EC D0 (2a ig 7. howe {te coetondng opening Grr anes for AQ =O68 ea sme "Tae th emotion of LTP wb wih «coe ik {8-01 seven i Tile 72 eon he Pon spoimation sen YB em. radon tote single one ied suping plat de bo, mae need sping ln ch wl nome QL cs. P75 tt {te pce for due ose smping lon The pring aes ‘Shier span tub fer planes bccn ae7 Sa uty ond a ality ae “Te sve of milo selmi sie tn veaeeyege ‘arse no wd encour ene sed alge. aes Te pd een eID20 1 Sst Cray Tee 72. Statistical Reliability Tests cy sce rit ey aly ached i geo ‘ety sta of sg pens que etiam nd co etene Svecin of weakaner mt dcoend by rly sales Ths saps & {exng porn wih lead oa mace pod” Since ety tee ers komcmsmn ete conn ther ‘eld Ar wh oly cnt acon ma Sten ema ron pen ray crass Availability Value Reltiiy a lity fio pobter. Ts estimation sd ea lee oti Hse wai aed PA te vy. ieee pack ea) Pa oa) Fars demesne (space ot he ml pts p< encom tesedte ys > Ry or Hy PA Py wish capone ot one ‘ly tani. nv, ame bo fr naan a {Sy at etiy cece expel a3 probly Ton, ext ‘Seon om Sees 7p Baas ?13 175. ae 73 . ‘Mapa tebe iui nem -090H B= 009). inet 08 ncn tre ter e718, ages To nyo en ety 69 al npr ih peters senna 95008 a Wie>oascnte male ied 08 Seon A ae Sutevan stint does Pea hot Ye ty nae ram b=01 Wanvoesn nee? ‘ety 29) me a pola ol anemia ty Egos sn semi nt cae ae ep hte ren a9, Jovan “01 a seer eet22 7 Sa ay unt any a 7122. Estimation and Demonstration of « Constant Failure Rate or of MTBF = 12, MTBF se mean exec ve of ee opertig i f te ‘ang con fae rate Fach atom Rod MTBF “17 {@q ACS4). Theron ces th extn al deminsion oo af Wer = 2 Gwe Appendices NE? nl AS forte Corton aed A {ce emi ot eral ta) ogre tc «vn fed ‘inline pening te (pe! esr) nie when ep es ‘frre node eee se incl alr open es es ‘edt inked Dv 1 te om twee eels ibd fee spering ia nd he opens) Paton re (A139) tsi sare poper of Poxonprocrars (xanga ‘mane pring ine Tee one inn que rt yam a ‘ree cyerata ne) ete He. Te flowing wee apes 1. Option fa singh om a ems renewed alr every te (coeval ine =O) bee scene toe 2. Oper of ere, sch of hen eg metny renee te ‘ay abe (ee ene = hee ‘A eed sora ce etn Ee yh a pr i (esogenee) Pee rca ih ten ce ma) over be ed time era 0.7. Het, he pba of fares ecu Wil mle oping ne i gen A399, isomer Bt et 20 Sse poets ote ein a demu of al teh (ee=2T) of Pusan dsb (ce apbaion in Sets 1221107223) Inet renwal frer poses ae koe Aono enc ns in ag th nl aero yy e ing s sseimporant or postal appa 1 Bed number of fale, he ti opged ate alte pe 11 enon) i find nee tan renee ene ee = ‘shed pnt nt of eae rh orf) prey aan, 2. Fee ner effete ei oped hr Dp em) {ale eee net med, mates tei fe fale 8 React omg) roe ly +H any tres ate raga eas be ae) Be Hm) bomb) Pen tosh vim, 3) 4, cd time Type 1 coring bile am tenes ly he ‘Sul mmber fares (ne dal lens) ad ‘opetinsie ee peste be ae thse =m ame ‘orn Rao ese: Pony Co a : taomeinrs n+ 18)= $ANE An, RE ‘eect 03 tn om ea minh a2 Sania ectiorow teense eae pec calor Se ate apna yc it eatnie of. 2S rah ar OANA pe gama +S ey Ct a aay es 7221 Baia cont Par Rat oo TH ‘mae perigee sede xin eld fm enna fhe waka pate hee MTBF 1A foc fom By Gian or given confident eel 7 =1-By-B2 fh

sd 5isby 7B ‘ut an ska bya "1c TBE < MTOR, he a ‘owing ager: betwen pace cena esol Be acrpted wih probate tat ee ‘hn fe rae) MIB rer han WD at eed ‘rt erty pa a nt le ) 1B. he MBE Ue ha ha uy» MRR ave pen fe ae). ME, i he ected MIB and AI ee mina accepale MIDE (mp tad mi TEC 608 (1), or Bylo In HL STD, (715). frie he procera i (ype I emer eth baly of reg Woe Spent pra say). Bist conepnding woe’ sh pe ‘en tem potty of cepng Maoh be alee Rypotse 12 pity Te 2 is MIR cara ise Ie flowing wl ty Nese a Gcaci=hel. Evasion of he shoe ape et poten of seal types eng (pen AB), soem be prered forvance wih = (pe need et equal Te te depen Rte ‘io vabd frtetig he kopbns My ek = AEH age te ee Inputs fe ho tara With be simple oosded eso MW A he ied ent ee ‘ganas. The poe st pa) los 1, om MT, T2688 eee tesa nega ean of or rm ata ax» ST sa op as fates eg eed swpettg: MEME> AB, A> € cep MIB MTR Ae aay ‘pete nnn efor 6 denn ee eae Sess acai! ss aay Gente siscv~iisegnen thet. thta FS, Fa of te cpa ton cn (5 (AD) 0 forty Ct eee cam) 126 re tiie ftom ti compares he experimental oie Fy) ‘hte gee Govt) Tyo). TU) i asus ere oe known and Cetanor Th pecod aews 1, eine ta ee devon Dy een Fy) and FO) b= _ap Io-Rok aa el etelel lel nce 731 Later og Mem om dar Fi a ae ‘poomenpe armani acto 2 (es atl! 2 fog caeeneaan te ese ae TNE AS et TH 3. Ree: Fe ‘a rope can ey combo wih gp eae fe it. TO hf) ad te tard ty ge rns probabil char ‘ih Fy) can be represent ys igh ne HF) lees the nd Tu) ya the typo Hp: = Fito be ejected at tate and rh tacoma whew ang poy char Protaty charts ae enced Appa ABS, examples we In Appentin AP a igs. 7-12 "Te. Eaample 715712) howe gpa eatin ota te ceo 1 Wiibll arban, Buanple 716 (Pg. 713) Ivette the Sa Instn of ppc wh ey oes ed cosa ate te wg © Wed probity chr ae ample 117 (ig 11) aes the etme Shir ata bck newest wih open din 10) De> a’ obese nce me ‘Meee feta 9.78 89,49. Sek Sir Anan a i ead pentyl eine oh pe Bo, Siepparemnss erates ws earners hud Berney sth jen ison setem 1 ste Cn any Ts | le $8 Sascszac 23 s8888 8 ere 712 nc ern hk sia Wa tts aon Te 333232 a3 wep fs mid Weta ain I) ad oma Stee ontEe mt en nF 2-e 910 404-8 o ‘Sew mt We ain 8-03-01. <3) wha nc rine i Seeman + = anger ‘Sea ncaa nosh gs te Petey ana cased aterm ‘Sider ed hons0ab. Seen oi #9 me Sines orbs spec 752 Chi-square Test “The ch ure tt (1 et) an be ek fo ah commu noon ‘sion cae ot © Fares ) od te cot 8D Foe Fo) em wt pei a lowe 1. Pron he defito ngeof nd var no eva (ai) (ney fs anhertoe a] coke fhe es mt be nde ena en eg i 9,25, Fy a8 3) 2. Dearie he mero ees inh cn oe f= ak (Ci Trumtero with9)San 2. Reming eps Hy Song he expt ber of beans tebe (Gap) mean )-FHGGD. FL ow 4 Compute stain 4 up tems aie aay mde) 6 Reet Py RNIN AD hyo enema ge 1 yo a comply non (FD =F 08, Whee By Bye ‘edna pre) sly eve pee a ep alow: 2%, On the Ds of he observations each els (mle Fh ‘Se falowing scm apn ears 2 5 ap, Phew 086) wih Ge1 Be BIR 8>O sy toot peel and Becks rent as (yay iempu i ecg water riveted 8) -Rleieoiph — iehuk a6 renhin ‘ nar hn26 1 sea Cn tia oe 1 Foegven pe Lenora, we Tale A920 Fig 7.45 o dein e (1=) uote tine ape wi k= ders of fete 6 Ref F0)= RYE > a ornare cet Hy engin ae ns ce itt ne eo frm of) wach ee eae fm be eens ‘he malian aerate sag AS, em Tee, 2,1, 2020, eet pts BBs 1me™ Acne Tela Ym of si ef yey yak 8 Se Ce ate Soim eoa he chalet St hopes fy Po etse se matteageatane Bo reyee eee 7A5 ag mle nei ge on 8 Quality and Reliability Assurance During the Production Phase ey maroc conse ring prods pha, da and trek gully acrance acts, pair Cncering the monering sd Conte of pecan proved carat, herman proce dfn ate rig fl one sed ei Sema olen onli and creme afresh st ‘rare fe arnng pros whe im 9 poe ut of ‘fact king it ct et ne cele nats. Teche (Seeeces te nr secs fiend lly am cin son, ‘Stee ea en scrrine por! elt cate sd ei Iseoee te concen of eta reg te, ad dca olf relay groh drieg production Foe specie plet ried 0 the {paiiexton among of reduction pete, ce ld wir oe ere eg (81 881 8.1 Basic Activities “Tey deli nto an tem nh dng phe shade eed Shing pod. For 2 pune, fling hanes ne my 1. Manegnee fe e's faa vi a ee ie rin toon conta nd stntig of args nd mains, 2 Seen ad uae of proton fase and presen, sole ing) {Mio and conto 0 he pradicton proces Candy, ig, temperate pa. 4 Proton eat done dng potter dre (ESD), ‘neni eral eee ese) ‘Spann slo sy id Somerton of df faire sei ‘dng hee pfaton ong ow peo rtemm uy thy ne Da Pu Pe 6 Quay st ihty era ning pear (carmen doa. ‘aon aogier a) 11 Calirnon cee td ig ope 1 emer nie! te ncn and even) 8. Seeing ofl cnn an scab 1 Reta ane sein eit ie conarton nano pning me conf cnet ain el 8 sr ni me ial a ea ay etn ee Sess prs eta sereeing poses fer eltone component ‘Seno, mtae he oct of tet sed eng ey, ed at ‘odeing ey posh ee eo, 82. Testing and Screening of Electronic Components 821 Testing of Electronic Components Mot econ cmon td dy by th ed tan sampling ac ‘ot cll cfecve sunpng lay sl ten consoaonte ly tance orf espn! mnaarter prc be ence ch Inge eargh alow sparc of rare thn ? active compen 0 ‘ies 71173 an Sens 71210713) 1008 come mein hs be peomed foc component andi igh elatyanlr sy slp tnd ssews. or new conponws, oft se ete devie ke poe! Senicndntoc, ning IC, td covet loi Cs sed athe ie of ‘ex dani omar hava oT cing pet ect ‘omer o 1 eck deton fl ert fc 2 Recs of bef eee popliteal PCB. 3 Siplienino ete PCB eve 4 Raper be ce epee ye pts, 5. meio pit uly change om to wii ese a Des sch rtp, diet Kas of damage (ovestss dig eg 12 renyad Soe Be Cope » stsembting of solsiag can case problems atthe PCB lve Defective ‘Probables panei on sar palo fe elie eopone ns tose on cal cepont In deaing st sey. pe ‘hang ofp om lt oto ia hese sos aio Re enn [Aneta afte procedure fa evo cnponet i en Scion 321 See VESLICe Tet sarge wo cox conden me eos Seton 83 82.2 Screening of Fectronle Components ‘Been components whic new ote mart, ce ama ari, ‘subj oat inpont rede oma mh ice) ae procs paranoia ares le aig et oper Sr Ganely opt sone ew een ie) eee of gh cement Cots alegapnt eel er te fi con xn x aes sd berlin rey sued on ped cra oe Deng 1, aay stl chai it onl ot oper fill operon 2 Wem irae done (ESD, essen) wih maybe hc fhe aa ety, soueing sow be perome yale peat be ed 0 he Joss mechs whch av fe itive Sd shod tee damage ‘rao the compen eve. Exp oe met fo fem show at for eabhed chloe nl sale proces parent. te ‘seer fr Ste pte owe) ee até Bun rT ae he st Sov ep preci eart flare. Tate Bes reg ence of ‘Neel sponte high oll or ey eqn dts "he alowng ia dip foe peta pen scene eee {ecards fr igh ally o options 1, Mihmpeace age: The pare of igh tempera rage i he ‘bli af te eqodjmle elvis td es of te We elect Parente, Fue meconane ned to spl coin, ‘tie cot) we pare atiedThe fae pled ona mca ‘ay at ote vay to sed heal tage ste) nan en SC fat 1th Shon leit tn ale proce snore Nea be 2, Thermal lr: The ppt of te yc i tet 18 ato erp pena changes hs ac ul mshi eed 0 ‘Seal erated by sian hexane fe ‘Sesh nd Tora cytes re eer peroed sr nin «020 cy ate ne Da ei ie ‘at At Tn tigen or ei me in ayo ‘Meteotemet satanic mann Ceneet_| — listens — feminine ace -01e1O kersapar | Teoma ae res eye [ten (Stace eenuie Cu, omuencmer ee Tine 1d at Fm frases eons rat aca pemme rce Urart ae S, Strect femme [orumes Rerrehe.ae SESE ent eo | osc) alma me oe ct sh | cso [ating mtn ar ace -szaem, | vnatignin, gnemng CD, Nghe (2), = fesse | no" [ere Be erm | ee eee = antes oen aero thigh tempera chamber and vice ve ‘sing = The IC we pelos meal ay (ison he yf ad ‘ena olug sree) an steed tate 1 tema eo 650 ‘50% Det tae tte empress tule Daf te ‘Sema erin of tH ben the wt 25°C), aon tine (es tha min Sl scdealy hes rotem, 2 oie stapes (ip)ea ted 2 Conan alr: Tepe of he conan scent ck ‘sects sy af each, bong and postage Tey nly Pero for Ce nhemet ckgne wenn eal pon Tie 1s me poe nu cmp nd ned aslo of 20000, (Gontoomi) fe code ental ane 4, Burm Bun alae epee, ft mig tp rots opr 8% te ip cele an Ff psec ds Tes a plein ances t 25°C fr 60 ro pert) Seay cdma a his wngerte cing tr port ot ‘nis eaten mare). ey 1 shld oer Be ae eri ‘ml in ei The comngerce oh igh bu tent {ene arcelaton cer A tsp ye Arenal 58) ay eg, EF 3 ire, ‘the the statin energy ihe ems ca (8610-0, Sy sed) he ae ae ip emperors sd % Gn ‘pre. 0 esti ran ne ‘Eivatrscmdig tt fr channel Global eee lee ‘er Cr ie teres Ot and EV. Us (7 56, te aw ron ‘compu fora pien pcan, Ferner of xy fae So, =55C. and bys 1N0C Goreon torte °C) he ‘tive bre ron wae of tet Oh fr, = 0858 ad 308 fie Eps O4eV, Misofen ite odie wher a faye barrister eer. Sk su xd, a alization rons be Stes rca a ne mest, eae pra ke ‘ch ache on te be cl expen 5. Sa Ast eer chek thee ey he cry ud ‘hep ia trmetealy cage Ilex bei wth ne later Te a ‘bed ina van (ih OS) tlh snd elm nose ‘Sc rr (oh Sm) ern wang ped in op (3a), tatu fatage i ened wi te lp fs specie ae sector eatied esi apn. 1-utmco, depending oea 1 ir nb nr Di Pei Pa vy vl), Aft eit et Cr ae ee fer ru a 1G ae ned ina vcoum (05 at Sea) tal te eed vse pes (20 a ‘aon tron P72: ar srt wig Pood open (2) Ge ies ime Maes ae bt (FC) a 125 ‘Sontnens seams nor ge ales se ese ae 8.3. Testing and Screening of Electronic Assemblies ci! ating felsic aes, fr nce ppm eid cut Imre Pr a aay pre oe fe tia a: 1, Balt wih te any rai Wh Oe PCB as. 2 Fanta et with eel enna et niet 3, nee at lowe by ft! te steno uaa wich Seb iswnd “Tei mo ef fr else pct. us har cps veteran gu) nd tsar oe ae Iain of ecto FCB publ The seed wes Isobe fr teeters priest om the pot of ew of rt pt eee, ig ton ei expe, Te Inc toncqupmant Was achsqupmen. ech compen ey ota edly gsr a be ace psi ‘npc ni date eacondactn,mwel t fo SS! nd MSI I, i creas dct ea enon necton Sr Land VLSI ICS (Gmcnal sen nce eupanm wt ined soe ew 10D and ‘hmm tw a poe. Th, rven eel es sd beng {Siem of cl pen shad nt be io. A Fate dng neo eng tte cpt fw canbe ocd a LOW ou HH “Pena cringe zeal toe (3Dm) bt ny escent w ae ‘hogan ques, oh dle er eens (pes ‘easy pacar, parallel component rans eager) ‘Shot engi ty Ow mon ffi tse tet pope pes Sos (PC), on conten of pd ect aloo cp. "Bsus fhe pe mer of components td wl as isle te diene proaii of PC canbe rey hs abl dec cntons 1 Ton en pp 2 (on, Expense sho for PCB wit au 50 conga 300 cr 5s owing ne lean expe tT for at ‘epee fo + 0.302% dee FOB (es Soran gon, 11S wc edt PO nee aa). onsen sch gee ingore ht fective FC ten ‘evoke an hat pry apo eo ae give ieee iy lay oP, Seren pepe na ool ads (PCB) sein wih her (cing vce. Expense er of Bs (6) ra he (eclaiogy nd shih ly rato 2 thermal ce betwen OC and °C, wt temperment 15h (oitn he component dnl nw 210mm a perf incon wib PCB xg) Simin non eon, 29-50 eo be pre eget ‘irom oc ei, 5s Ph eel an tor Corea isto on SMP semis do ph (3.78, 380, 5.4) ave sows that belly feet efron ces can be [peat need cle ot gain aay hg a rel eae {er teal res a darting tebe ener pens (Sein 14) er tis rn, ceng of puted PCBs SMT chal Be ‘Poul eenprar pad ec be fe wt own. Preere ‘So tye he pared hee, bed qi end ay ng ee (285) ate romed a0 ina ee fon of Ps gh alah or fer applet wo poke rar fares. Ix ste 8 bass feesce higher terse ‘Thamar cat be oebied wi power eno uci own 9 ‘cra tvs However geo emit ate fo PCS (tt ‘he ego lee shui be etait on» este bs an be Pero recensined (ete even cnet te percentage fey Fees ops below en ao 50 1)™ quero fre Pc 84 Test and Screening Strategies, Economic Aspects 84.1. asic Considerations Toning sed seen of cpl een costa nd pope tes ‘curb (FCB) en scum oer 208 of tt rine caste In ven of opto of its wild ng sd rig ug Foficton cry manasa of hihpertsrmace eqn ad syne ‘tone ih along ges What the mac fect ep lima ol dec sstemaic {area efor pore Nomen hon? “oem this question depends ei ce eve guy, resi 1 te oe rte ta noses th cme of eer rer ‘Geert of nh tr rep. season Bee fered ‘vane, waranty sot france." and seeing says ‘Gabe tered ete ose, pcos compe, PANO 14 Tn Sea Sem pce 2s tn olution pss, a la 9 hid andl of te manatee Inset upsach suey, he flowing pec mat nae 1 Grego shine warany o sad ole o ige: 2 Testing td cena Sel! ep tthe luc ket fo dt eect. oma tefl fe torn 3. Quatieason res payer srs Import osname ‘seman ee, they hols Inde Perse, snvinenens, ae ‘iy 4 Testing ected cay pnd oer high nee fee ane areal da poring sen FE 1) 5 Proms of weg revised eet mth ie pas, gpa inet. gue Sas be wed at 2 rig pit fi he development» te and seveig sag) sey et The ae sos ewe tate (nd nt Sst he xan of le 82, whe eet ess Se = “Ele Jets ‘uy 82, Cupar tt sg et he ‘Secon py, ve py if ig ming ete) |2 5 ty misty nec De Pn ae cong Ba ce ig. 2 el ite prt sted uni fgepmet yea fr nih olf U0 so en type se een The Ce Se dared wits ect probity p=08% "Dating tb postin, ‘Since aur ana waa of nares ding metog wit meas of 001% ince nspecon 01a nly vel 8ST at {GS at nceing sper, $20 a tenes, $20 epee, 2d $200 ding way The ot arp iri he ray (7 ‘tcovarig nd clings ees prey forte feel, 1,08 10 est sea at 085, 09,08, 101 econ tes es ‘Sue intr example, ht he ate cat to sro he detecon {cay ting peso ($0.0 per IC) at comely hen Tee tease eel ig $00) Ase B2 stows, cove i eon eu sg a rth eal) le ate i ee oe ates (mu dos ce). Tae wien bx Fe, on bebo 1000 1Caa eps force ny. Meine tt Fig &2cane wel ely wel poe he dion ‘op or enue toler of so menus roid ee ‘ics ‘842 Quality Cost Optimization at Incoming Inspection Level nth secion, optimist Became et nd erent tray ever nr ce wher ODE acon get secon spect ona sling se ae ast ee. Two ces Wl edged cenng pci itt cing to, ce gr BS and i) anda etn wih scrsing (et on seeing, eH 6S and 1A roby fcc teaming eG. obi of ag > Dore the cece compensa sane Cae mc of Bren by By (ALR oh p= py nd tne wes ig 1207, ‘Ace tae a bat fr cenng eri it) Ges Sica conn = pce cont er emponel grr {= ean com per eompoet et e) 1S etn so per compost ening wiht) et vale (an) of he tl co (Secs dele ring {gece wi ening et el) ofa of Noes ‘pec vl (an) af al co (Se! a eed ncn Seve obit (eects ete est Front fra cry fre ey Tres ae prep by the ieaing Conse it he sing pectin wih ei eo) Th cae sponge swan 83. Pom B83, flowing Cn eon Cie be cae or exposed ae es) oe alco C Gaga le Fac + AN “MALAY Rue UWA ace Nee ger)2O Ac —Ua Po aInvenio lenge 1 for py=0, A= nde Gen ay Ga Net rue a eect a GN nee st asap tet emer co ii. soe as 14 Neng gi hp = Cee ‘pclae thomas aa sts 00% acing inspector of ‘he pra aon athe cate aot tthe dl of Fig 83 gen {aig 84, Tee amp ofse nt betel ale the 100% Incming ‘open if he ny (id so ed even alu of Pg ‘ses rte snl lt can iter fom te med ee Ale of AL raat {ae 7) cam be sd eerie van end eo he sing a, QL py hme nd ADL py ren othe ie fend ‘evcsing (Sho 83). Pp gies he corespndng nen eh= ey hy A i din fae Gem step tte Nm Atayey +AzueH O-ANG Hem mil A +0 P06) = Mle, stny4neri¥(-mdlryey+AsPece tO ANG4 Rue) Aes sey mde ‘eo Reet 87 nee nel np mee ‘Teese eerie a wh (82) ata cont at Pps neset0-ANG Rue )<6, 407+ a an hol, en sapling ein with erect eect 3.100% ssng, The pact ei of he proce scatg the del fe iSieghenl Py 84 Asin ig 4a. angle corte ers ea tbe TOD soning ithe egy (7) la ao ed Yn he keel ya hr ean ef de Inout ni 84 ows Go nga (7) wit Oe mmo ey >> ‘Apece (0-Aie + pr). oe 4-9 Te mca tne n slot cat farang perso mth ening ost (4).m 1 ay ay ae a Pe 843 Procedure to handle first deliveries Conynet. mera nd exeralymanfictd sass oases ‘hol bse ae rt dee ae spent econ poe Pat ‘tt pocedie canbe peed I open we manta © ad “ipeoon oles. Thee 7 gee ett o ach poo Sto 32 wor questions compet snenen 85° Reliability Growth 1 gesope quiet te eiy of comgexeupmant or systems often orsign. 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(Serine mod by 1, Date (6) ad red ancl made) by LH Crow 845 (07, onan he AMSKA mel, ses athe low ferent ean ‘sent flrs conte + tonhomayno Pon prs ith ny eqarasy ocpet an i) a te ae sae om it in he ae «Wei Sutton, However he we quae nomen dir ANselet ‘tte ung a ete (he ramon ond ean be ‘iat ni ine conan oping nen oa he ceed ities c.f em ag at abnor Posen pes Preven) = 2 = onary ax el for sy 20,1 needy of te mae ad ston te ‘ese (a) te foi tad ncn (9 (A825) ca do ‘stinaton fe paramees cat Lemihems lee MNS MOD per MEME MED spear fh a) ere Mihi ot eames i eetan 1 ty at Rs A Dai ein, nt =ntaap)-a70 +p Se an “oe mora td etter ed of te pratera hin Met) ng agg all - “Blea # J) iene fet om an Enz aan ai aw Wits known vas for & and, HC.) canbe ad fo ena te ta nay ay rw pene is hey {erat tier) meh be ae il opin ane 8). — Sm Sa see WW Tots, 28 and Sir )0, to fom, 39 Bo {eu nt od time he ent ie Be ‘my gona sooner gn url pn See seme yen BB wi 8 Fo Fete mean alte Ty) of he oie om bry Sin pil othe sex deco roma re be esi, ening hl rs ‘Senne trogen Poe es) 2s mjenvs, 8 vino TW fr MUs)= M+. mls) =>. fore em bay fron fm Soe i'n Secon 722 thc homeo Fabsen pacar Ts tense honhoregmon Pion preses te nt neal proce wee Ee 10) 9 (81D) 0 Sng ‘emmy. xing smd bros fandom are = "Te sce of he Duane mode fin sly god fo eon loses an mechan quent ae yone es so be wd Soest ie ocumece of fhar defects mic ees) oem peng = {ares oy ce fe foe comp ower her na eee scsi Bees freee Secon 44) Ameg eee [prions Pin mol wich se moment Pion pre th me we! ocansyes. 16) “Beye Foe th fps Poon mal ht dye ithe) =O an ‘Moycas The at con bet anagem gel he Dae me or ich mye. Acoing MO)" Rl pM ag aayen(P an ring fr hive ara 00 mode nein A me int Ly. acaben a mo-af-ar ben OcayenOepel, Gs) pec, eich coin ina malice way wo pole Mi), ‘The ‘ceo esewrnaste et wan AO tal TH sep tthe ta <0, gm ns as Seite) Ee (18) ad (20 el wiht of te an cn he Herrite (5) Hower n rer ic ib fap "et sete whine an App cpt of AL Terms and Definitions “These proves defn md commento te ems nt coma Sal iby engin. ee BAL! fer seat of ie tes “Tle extend hs apni the tem ud stare uy. Rear ‘re a1 ALS} eet ends a bn ne ram Sym ng Come ag Co cen ey a ser impwm Bean Lega Some Sue aly Mam TM “ayaArai Pea Ava (PA) ‘Sain asin ‘rr nna ed i fT a ya ey nt tena Fegan is sve i er fe en ir bi ee aCe ey teens ape py wage hoo antl mgt Seon nt is pr ra Ren ie erated pra fmt in eee enone with mec amet ‘meant vey fle Seg thecal fat Pt ‘ean pov tutasatesmnncah rasayana copay eomans) tm al cena died py, is tenet » ConcaretEagieeig Sytnatie apache te tne 1 develop sa mae em, {by ens pan vin be id Seep se Sipe aroma oe Contec Magee rvs coal econ maitre hangs fawn i of ecto led i ea iepat uo enc TQ pec mp in hn ‘het nose wich on ge por segues con ‘Sie rege me tie ee Sicger cm mney spc owe sng a ‘Slovo hepa gy ot on opines an cnpt i ctattee ater equinoensine oi a ‘eto fn lf0 A Rome ‘sera psa 0, ent om pt oper ons tls i meen. Sere to bo Sparse ets inten ‘Salty ctso tssur Us ar homers ee (Gey sony ted re promt 972 weer me ce Depentny cote om ed deeb aly pcmcia ng acs ch elahity perme, may prarmane a este sro sean erating onto of he fil nd apa fn em Wh be at ee Des Review ‘ea daar pc nyt ain lens an proper won sp ee sec ol fy cnr TO te ‘Satya onay eA 2) sont net SE oer emer eb en a vrei Se Serving 5) cs eat es Sissi rin te ery CH aie en 8 a St ere marae be Pace ay pon mo ‘thal peo eo a nen Se Se ‘Sree St a var ab ce en Spa as ‘Terinkin of iy of a pr cid ft ‘in ei ci ey mec fn ni, inom ‘opr nt tr detriment Theol! SE At ect att vm ater Rate) ‘Lint for 6-0 oe pba Ota tn i i te ner (Gr ven Othe em we sew = dd lhe er (Gh aid ce ei yy) int ir fre ee dune pp bevecsesn ae Te eto ti iy s.r B= hows R= BM a tr ‘Sic etl mw lob i ne ae ae {ies pe ct a (ete) we the Depa rain ‘iene nn Teen re ht Ste fan tm tracer by the aby open eid fon ‘cnn elie uct pete mstcu, oped peore Madea es Ane FMEA) esnie meta of ahi a which nan ech lene o ‘Stan de veo ol posible fast mses a of omens au Motes, Fc and Cet Anyss PMECA) Qualitative med fealty epi which nes che Sipe mis a Ee cna rt SaaS it mn on omy Oe aa Tre Asay (FTA) ‘re eta cents may ret aa ne ant ode fem, rset Fe AMEN” pp nap ste nai hae ‘itech peas be cao ao Secession yan ‘ec tial ‘cuneate te cyte Cn .60) Stn of ht fr agison, operon, mean, sd poe regen ae poses knee eters gg tea ae ‘Stem nm ane St cane a pn od Sty cop tein Tine pn etre alpen le nape. Loto Sapert Allee anderen opie tive and soon wo ant en pein pa Lapin we ge eae eine ae ig apt Sees hite nmarr en en ‘een rte a) yah te gat en pe pee Manas Pry that een mtn or pio te i pero ‘thins stl nea pen pees sd eae eng teow iin acne sci an Ap Feo ince ite ocyon saa Speci ak which muse ld bya em ng x eine de‘Re nnn te eter ein in le nl ends ce nA strane eps yes hehe ere 3 Tater pce kin?! sase Te eet ue eng gested le (es) of nn re et peating ne sr mn se MT io yo nce psa empant Ce iar ac gr ips ve (et) of an i's peeve mien in npc a (es) fe ine eae sd ms ‘he eneme WTO sted ying oa be of pe ed Se ee ti a 1 Temes oes apc vl en of nee die Sang teres Reece oan oncostormity Sm i ee enya as recbed poate ori poet le oh depts of ‘esc Toe conn spe sn a en ae ‘ti sen yn enforce tpn tera Se eae Prodct aerace Al plea sen stv nosy ore pid ret fr ‘erty, aay, ay nly of ey wl a ove wae ot at et nt ene ‘eset me ean ep gm, ne ga TSS mete eam aapProc Lnhty sn ui a, er eae comer ease) oe serfctiee met ae nt coer poser ae sc pec ‘Se KK be ply sme Ee (115 19, Hoenn Ep te say Btn (Gatiy ie sre eter ina ed mania or Ips ce pers pe gone en ly asus. natty Tuto earache in cso at eat bint st eri ade ‘in pen soni je ap ech ose ai a coders te nr ts ese ‘Token cane ple pn on nde a. ‘cet Aree ie sn Ste) Al pe and otic ste een provide eget cnn ‘cen on rout ore) wl ay en eutenens f Cy nm i he a ayant TM Taste meen ne epi e in [tytn mg ei eco pm son ty Sceptre gi nem! ‘Soba ed iba et Sv ont met eae Sia nam tn testa erin oa cotty Contel ering Precton on fi proesin pret an pate rec sted quay of securing hey ne tn pl py trad TOM A tem li 2 aly Date Reporting sens Sytem sol aman cos left a als xc ing ottoman xing oo eta elm te sd ak he onespontng uly ad eye ‘etry on ug poner tc nea we ay Tt ‘eto vey whee an i ofan cid eee Bi eran mime rem Ten So mmraston Redandesey ‘eas re tlt pe ney an so ‘ena cpt gn a pt ee aay, 8) Prbailty tat an Hom wl yr i roid fenton ede given ‘onto fo ae era sec nein yori nn grey ig seetanl eee nya Tetsu bens yao ot tb pan. T sy fb tis tw paral a ‘cats Str menswear tan area ‘Tien tne pon cn win un ac MESRetaity Beck igre renin fae hm, ‘isn fen oe cn eran wc fa ee ctatam ato cui ec cmes sch em SSE wc tp son se mi ee ie aity Grom, A csi chanced by a zpenine igrovenent fhe ity ‘er with Ue, Begh sucestal coeon of eho poston ese ee ey ty on rae i dere ‘Mime ny Ls ne ae Jaan te ely pout sn cua at tsp te eo lara hie oo st ene a fev cyan ne eget Feacton insoe soba of noe oan em hs come cea Feorenenvineny ‘satty by nemo ane ter inp, er im mate (nage or ober vacepaie commence ‘serena rin ne rin i tng cy Sec ep cen on Connie of ocpneey, sien tans wwe il tec, cage apeoeniag slo upping sonoma 99 ‘eral ie Sogn et ams wi ‘nn Spent Paare ar won cs in a em tae he se, proacn, owe tenn ‘eunaan avineine Sytens Pagerng Aron of mtn and ska anes deep es ‘Sie roars rmomcly ot bene of, an yan pp ti ‘Total Quality Manageme TOM) Masagenenapach of cpa cnee on quali te te bean a trad gg rh Wa TOM nes a ne tt cy a eget di, iin, SOLES lottery ma ears(ett te “ol gesing if mem ed for sees te wen he i ‘re printer noi ees ona ted or resem ten einen of aes boone nape ewe ‘sous an be es cone bs ogee pete em ng en api ye Vale Asay pt of etn nm el i tion Vote ane Appian fase sys meas sng he sign se optimize A2 Quality and Reliability Standards Bases gure elon reiement (ge) sch 2 TBE MTR. valuta ven sysem speseston comer fe ee uly ‘Seurncefnangemon tan, sd fr omen ia so he maton oly and ely mane proton. Sis eel eaten covered (anda he mt inpran of eich ae dcuced mi spet A se of stig wpa een guasy ad elahity mare wel (esse cme ys iy aac roa rat pen sl syene econaeinApeni A21 Introduction Corral rity a ea cnt quae a quae, |S wio perermnce pete, uot aay tegen 8 ‘een seine acon Tey ee Sr lay, laa ‘edulis oc ikea comeing eed con tren eins gon sper an eres rnp ee Appa 1), Qualia regent stone dp lh ey nd Febiy ararncenangemen yen. Dept pr te Bl of pian (ere, dese ncaa ee ous Be eo et Sage The main cher of ec andar 1, Sundae of tran cpr cots, et proces leon {et qaleice ot empeentsai an pratctn ces ped ‘ape. 2 Bolton ogi an eithy maanzctmaapee es 5. Agee on tem nd eine Ingress fo qu sd ebitysmareemangeens of spent td cna se Te AZ soe 021 fe ADs well o AD 12226 ora compen Se teed Te Ae cedFo 12 aly yee A22 Requirements in the Industrial Field “he S00 fay of san [A2) el esis wth wo wea eat nnd of arte msuces of compen, ent an ers. Tet ‘Biewcover ti devclopnen, pact itl sed seg 0 00) ‘be pn nda (190 he ra tase ae 5003) Stepeahet 1130 at een acne ch icon 190901 ‘6 130 9001-200 wt ter Bsa rcs ran SD 90) a on Four ain prs Masageneat Ress, Rese Manage, Poa (Sil Serves Reon ot Meaecn. Aqusysnaranclmnsgeet ‘Yoon mn cnet errant wih» pot wher cence. Ta dcop pst nang aren cs pon ‘liye at pce conc th Fetal uly Manages (TQ a ‘Nite se tne yer mit Beco eevee conse en mugen clang eran pling, enon agement (etn at gay col an coe cnr The otome el aol Ene aged sot af chy wl bo vere. Te 30 fo (es wh rat Sie of pct nd rvs ec oo ci Serius icky dec wi peaon pee drs orice n scope, chr), eke Appeni £23. ae ‘ow cops cn snr en cum A! erst ‘ego cong eon es party sve tay. ‘Dipolar, nce Lat, saab, ad cal supp eye tr ceed IEC sttndrd in frei EE 2 tote and ove for ital rego od TE na, 3, 07, ‘St ei for psi prceres(A2S) LEC 00 de WA dependably [poms (aang ta depos, and atone) Relay tea fora coat fale rate MIBF=1i) eco nT Maina pecs coin BC Tor ceo cine nd pets TEE i 932-1098 (42.6) ha be sud ge oa laliy pr or he deel! aed rosin "This dco nei ht for he se este pting ‘non an ce competi tra apr nant) a cabo Entiat pect scarey IE Sata Eapeog Sunde (A2 7) Regus pe! iy en in sal trata Sc, {seas e 60 Dste 99419 122 Raden ota Pt 23 ‘Te pn yy diy eng. pe | oe eee ees ee eens| Bian donanc seen on Rea eaee ctgn toke jess scom gegc t "Diag. Sata mess . E Ye tans tye ant am etn Svan ves asm sty sme ter Sia rna mn Seta laa) USA MLQNSt Oulton A), Sos Usk wipe Reems wn at 89 i USA Mc. usar rr See 8) i NAio ROARS ATOR fore tly CSc) 1) lamer se, Rn, Mama. Gain eine Ri Sota mga nsg Eran tn SM peel 8 099 it tune INS Ano uy a eena 2 Cade ty a 23. Requirements in the Aerospace, Defense, and Nuclear Fields pm ct el te cicero a ay ‘Tet ened int ewe nd cnet {A24, AZO]. ne vo fe ec i (3 a tr i by ering tal) ‘hc ei wl fy snd ap Arne Serer A23, "i Sto pl be os fle hematin carer (USA) they have aso been fen ed daring he st 30 yeas ‘meron pote pa M-tHand MLS, 78 88 ferent so ptm {ADS). ML Q9HS et 198) was ta pcos, msn, dno MEST NS 0 wee Fetal 96-19) MSTA 89 ares ei aby ‘ram Such a poo mt Ye tard dg 1 the empl of he Fusing sng selnialfeion of carpets nd ter, desgh tpn dgn me, ein reviews, FMEAMMAC, sd cepa (te pga 0 be ceenp fo acceance wit nae one ‘thao nes oie pyr, Melanin demosraon er Gyn sos ewe oft Dm and 1 moe). MIL STO (eis te eto of fy porn npc te na ol poeta (Baha yo fh charac mith ett ytd ae Fo to coat, GAP Regma wee ae ang 968. Tee epee ‘dal eentily 3th get sear (AOAP coespods f MIL. ‘cing ony fe ester). The store MIL STDs apy To Be ceepne. [rote peony snd car etl develop “Ende orn pt. "he mater field Tas a on sci nd wel eed stands wit) ‘lpn pcre ulate, quay cou id wey A3_ Definition and Reatization of Quality and Reliability Requirements 1m ening quality nd tity repro, mart nth, He phe est spect tie ome ss Hl eelpmes ad prado as nse ‘wen ting now tec) het br smn wh ae Pr compet Soe ert pay et the projereapecic mente for guy a ly swan ed arg ‘potter ie TOM ame Tabet 8 (gay ancy searnce ropa tbe eres int pre atte hpi ea whip ws Sg iy on Src progr forcmpereuipmet aed em wih igh wally end A31 Definition of Quality and Reliability Requirements 1 detcng quaniaive, poet pc uly and vl regreent ‘son hs epi oh pases for hice einai ‘hign tl peda a wl mor demonstration unmet ‘ea cn sl engi! inns tale depen Ts secon Salty P= HBP TTT vegas. "Tete gee MRP ITH Pe cease + cpt eqenen ain by,manty, naiy, 1 owe patel aro {ue fone pce earimmetcondons,a6 9 ena ain uy ay aes + exec iii gop en, py eecnany ape opal 1 eurenens Meee capresso, 1 ceo bseiecs Get) ‘yl ewes rsh fare rater =a ef cole elect seme: regen btecen 30 sad 5000100 at gra Oo ‘tran wi ay cle 40¢ 03,0 Tale At ese stair They See (Qed este an afthe ro ewee pert fie and ede tine fore em osc. Asai onan ee no ey ‘ran cy ponent nua fe ae hae an ‘apes ante f fae pr er OD est ey AMOR IOLA tO wo) <1 isn pod get for comple iment ese sion cs. “Tewntve target ae rfaed scaly by poring tongs maps sonar tai eon of pa ron ay tsa eco isin, oc eceticeeing(amensrae) ofa MED. the lig la ee ipere 1. Quoin einen: TD, = speci MIDE sr TBR =i "sem acepble MT Scion 12225067225. 2. Reqs ce isn pole. 3. Emremesl cenos eral neha ' sori mem | 3000-1] 19, [nemo | ~ a0 [aa] — ‘asec mccpe | |p| am as (eeetemee | se 9 181 Detain ya alt aims an Atos pose’ x conte ls (aa ‘Accepnce edios: came cerning ie Tan umber of owed fates ung 7 (Setons 71222 ad 722). Nur uc nde e/a a ofa). 5 Panmcay wichita an equ of eee Fash tlle le ens 10. Maken preteen he cree A Redan pon ep secede) fe MTT, long iy 2 Teste erie perce eta ep Se a) 4. Naber an out often be san ad as) 4 Alleaton af he pat tne (apes, ep, etn es, gia 5, Aecpmcecontoas(Sion?32) & Reinke et ea tts Arai esually flows indety from the elainslp PA = MIBF: (Gree vari. However fra epee et. cee on ons psa pcan sabe ed (Sesur112 713 a0 72. 432. Realization of Quality and Reliabilty Requirements For compere, inp ah guipe’ ed ye evel, ai and rai age se et be achieved ting wp dling» ly end Felabliy arwanceprojran. Is mca prox. poet ee ass od {te wechety Sache and suigned Table Al canbe wa tx cect {eden the come a ay drab sane pop fo compe Soipmest and pone, Kies inemet of Tate 12 an show a ob a Segment compny apie mp Tiong TQM. Denn ‘een eal) tod coupes, Tae AR? ito be See xed ‘he ak sgn, Rf pay repeat, Ce ocd ep (Coopers mel), and | for ifomaion cam beefed Wo rele he ‘umeys penal soaa 19 tt ee ey Rope 192 Rani ty aay Rag, a “re 2 Tak gly nai ae pl enon rh | aies32 cu) Tinton au wae pa pn ag PY —— Som g otc tnssretstcen | 1g! s| d + Sno ne Saas ec mieten ae i} j En ESS. Se ‘Samant. me bette Tao =o tis ——S ae canes ot Ss SrIri= fname ay eg epee (a3 mn et ny po a tae elele|n Peer Hepes fnmotrneseg nn la le le LR a {Soar oe ay ea meas CoCeee [xiecweeee SET ———aeeee a hi ; , at pete f rae Sete enone EE ie 2 Pmesnptanng opetiete ep ih Prete cH ay clale 78, Cama, med ant ener prone fay ond 7 = HEL cme Retna ] ao Pepe ret = Sree nope olole ETI a cence PPPEEEPE esos EEEom 19 ot adie Quy ed ati age A33. Elements of a Quality and Reliability Assurance Program “Tete len of uty adr mare pore 1 Pst oramiton, ping nt aes 2 Qustyandelay orem 5 Relist aie 4 Sectoral ution congested ees $. Googe mangement © Qatiyess 1 Quay at eping sem "Tee hea ae cn ih conf tae of uta lily usec program econ upon es. naan port A foray of qos pera chet for eign rns nd pends tht a ale AS2 he preparation of uy nd ey sane Fo Sold ete ens fhe uly and rbity manager Howe 8 Wei of vf oa wh » aly and ray programa forte {8 pratcton phe fr pots $7. Bath props mus be conclu, exec) Ifconsron nrg ap AAA Projet Organization, Planning, and Scheduling 2 cet decd pj open lig i eon fre etn ‘uly a iy ence gm, Oran sn pln ob iinet fetter. The nie pcon he as Sawant acne a sje ee Tefatoeng i pal oie te eels Sot aed i ene pret Catrtow chee Mat pal ur pe, pen) ‘onl ot ‘Opera! epi (ela, matin, ray, egies sare) Cay nd etait ure 199 Be yn ality ewe Pg ma Scalar ects pa, inecapne ) ‘Te fowig pope sa scone stare jet Manageme, Sm Exponent Ct, Qualys Helatiy Aste, Aen Di Price Gulia Tess Proloton, Asenby and Fi Tesi Project ‘cpr is, apne an miles aie tom he ‘pees, allowing the quien of he prs, nati ad cid ‘Some Tay cy ue on ot ABA2 Quality and Reliability Requirements “Tet impart p ning Gaya ely ge fr comple |ASAS_ Rellablty and Safety Analyses ea a oy sas ince are tsi are mode ni (PMEATRIECA A) mea cet nas nly ee pub ih ee wed fusca eb seed ucbs, wheal conponasst Icio pet eao oon pacino rapove ty a ‘ey lee, ssn. anny) elm comuraive ie, et Peculy adh so Dow what i ay a deft oe comin pra sh be nS ave ‘Which sere ul ed? How wee faci tema? How wo Oe cemeera: ee opening aston deine ‘Wich on re ral ee malas? To whch met ds ag? ‘Which ie of eon aes wl be ec? ‘When dog gs or nity, matty aly and soe ety wee? ow wit eet hat be deen eins ave ten one? Adley, ices 1 he elon sd quietin of component and ‘tea dig een, etd ening seg, bly ee ety ‘pring spar, nd abenencur scien be show The da eda 19 i ad a ly ann coupe flr at caletin shoul ely vee our, tent ‘Rca sod ovement od guy an). AIS4. Section and Qualieation of Components, Materials find Marafactring Processes ‘Conger. teri, practi posses Bea al ingen he fot get sd ly shy mt be terre crf Sted and ‘att Quilifenion ease pen in Che 3 fr esr camponet a forasenbes or past races ene nay fr te ere (ioe he get a ei nec pga nl poi ler neato se ohm compenses tts an roves we sled nd geal. i Prete obey guston inal te anew 1 Dit i of prefered component and rari eit Hor wa i Cnderion (opersing coon ocean)? Hae seco as ee onsdred? Wil cite comporens be aetalan he meter lc oes {force qin pte nd waa ne? 2 Hogan came Wind cain cn 1 How wilebneeence poten be el? 5 Howe andar manor cess bn ie? & Howacespecol mamfecring pooses que? Special manjcing prone se wc uty cant est dy tie pees ve hig names th espe pec or ay be equiv ett nthe a way rey. A335 Configuration Management Confirsion mangement impr lo guy sane and TOM (ing eg Wits pe, raed ngion een, ‘thing, ool ao scmng " demefaron oov tom secre in i ocean. A poule ecinentiss online fx compe eyet a sjespren FE AN ‘nfuraon nin one sin Pein, fw sw scone green, ai ew ae ‘Secon ote) fects (mnie, esa, pra). E = « ‘alysis we criicaly examined wih he help of checks (Appendix A), The ‘ot inpren desgn revew ce debe nae AR. Poca ye ‘Rien of Bef prodcion ent FCACA) ano eel tke ae Der ‘even a cae by th poet manger an eae y the poet ely 1 Fae ene qi end say se, Seton caine. 1 rqreemies ee ecton nd mike {Senn ge cpr nal oman, 1 cameras pape Some sess efor ex ee. psp sha pees protec ‘Selina Tole 27 Tae 43 ‘Contin cour! de eae, rian, let ion stat pope chops et mas. Cloner oa ea ee {alae mdifenon a tiger sve te sem pee ‘Covfwation acess ht a aproved changes esos have bee ipod and teen Thi al fora Sef pre ‘Seeger mit be rand nara oe an een. pet Sing a eye per fs rot Campe nde ea eyele pes ene ser fee, at emg2 13 io edi ay iy ag ‘cl ld fr example. Parl acai an ho et for pods ha eal wir rpc asf, rc a pad ay accent Seance aso (eee a ja) mbes | Smear | Sepeeenttee || Siasome | SestSon | See | | Seaham | [i 19) Be ay a Re Pp ” Retort congo mages th ty sd lily aerace og st we flowing esi ‘We docunets wb ocd whom whe an i cnt ‘Ae sicmen cosa in nei ty se ay wen? ‘sthetelee procete fr alc cmp sh guy een ‘oct pcoes chaps Cy def How sonar pat drown) es? wis cogs caning ed ag raat) ‘Wie tensa tee cab re A336 Qualty Tess aly tn ae neseacy w vey wheter He confor 0 api ‘a spe To pec de sen ae end {pay coal hey ose pommel Char 7- Quon es 44 How se scoming pectin gfe? Wah wich ot prove? ‘Wt pee forsee? (6 How pres gli? Wo Ma reid the ean pace 2. How are prterton t pevomet? Who has sled the leant frees? Who dio ea 1. How seven er serig dled fr serie rice ems? ‘Who hr eled ele rouse? Who dich eto? 9 We eee we pe canes Wi re 10. What te inarcon for tang, npn stg, pig? ‘Woes kd ele poeta?me 1 enn tn ony ey Rape [ASAT Quality Data Reporting Sytom, ‘Coe af the fl, oer to find hose actions rast sppeopeae for avoiding ‘pitino sae proton The aco sully a port en ‘Teeth atten een ges eon Phere uty ageing ye noo 2. lw ea sn wesw! What abe cds? 44 How ert ad eto of oy deb dani? 5. Momordica Ad Checklists for Design Reviews The folowing clog of quan an be ol eee procs chins {orden reius Tes AB et 10, AL 3) ang dg ad ‘eva compen md secs, ‘A4.L System Design Review 1, Woategvons exit with sarge and ses? 2 Wht the gat fo perme epi), relay, mati, ‘aii an sty? How te hy borne Wich son (Cored icin fool rds) nape?” 4 Wt nae set of tr pace pesmi, a ‘uiiaty wets he ey vel na underate? 4 ‘Waste the ria comets?” be expe (ase seine ee)” ve cnparve ater nen dn? Wht te to? ‘Aire poblens eal eines EMC) 9 beg ‘Atte pent ty protons ‘Ae eure rece? Do hey cern sit el? {sth aime cneep? Dope eroomic arene xt? ‘Ae pil eine egies? sept sane arf Ae rms mee? ‘teeta of iy cot ether pd wh ep ‘Srey aed ennai epee? ies aul sy Whee des competion Sad? Hs Me patie aa Cn ene aed et 15. Canpely probing dag ation amp ag?» mater ‘A42 Preliminary Design Reviews (Assenbly Level) 1. tte asembly ener emer ew deslpment aly ange! Ginereeg ements? [See atc Sapam ec selena? Faw seinen ton files? How eve ese euclad? Where do (evans exit Canin euiemenste ede ‘Neti pr sleme De oses hat whe pass? The cone and acer Gamande changed since the being of Sexson? 2) ectormunesParanters 1, How tne fe fie ae pers i fe ey ow we te fine of erfrmnceparmetrtveried aoumgtons ‘npr sina, ey? 4. ve wr ce eur ier compet? 4 Hive renee ptiens GMC) en wel? . Rinecreny pls sans bce ers ding ening? Fine reoyperbce ado tea ithe My ©) Enroumetl Contos ‘emg conn 2 Metra intron (EMC) Seen deuriaed (experiment o by Inet oles? Py Dp ev ney ed) si 4) Compontts and Mates 1. Wie compen rt) tera do ot per ie he efeed t ‘rb ea How wth pat ms ge? 2 Are coming ingests necemy? Form cmponri até miei? Howie wt hey bpm 2. Wiican iis een How A eg tedeneesontine? espe pee fxs pact? te es ae sod ‘ce err conpncat and mal? Have rogoenets or ely. ‘iy and say een et «6 Mechatoare penemsbeerpl? How witny tense! See Tile28 9 Matatiney 1 Satey 1, Hedin sein et een ben red? 2. Biota becouse nib gu oe aes el ate, stone? 4 Hare FMEAEMECA ton pcm? Hare al sing pit ues een 4, Hnatetou an poor? Wat were herent? 5 Wats tsa ped? a ey wiie| (6 Mnesl ooo ber eh in et eet? 1) Haman Factors Fenny 1. Hae peng sf maimernc ec en fied ith ep te 2. Hive etenmie ft beet tan in acca 2. Hemant ine en contre? 5 einig operinga ne cba Rone 1 Stndardaton 1. Have snd one (pt) anderen sed whee ie? 2 Hu pr exchanged en costed Gy Sad ona 5. Armbar antisite! 2D Congo 1. tte eh documesiion emt, dans) rope, ae 2 inallnare proses wt he btn sled? 3 Gan the webs! docmestaon te fer and costed ts fence ante rane be Je whe cngutoe tle? ow scampi opr an domed) re 1 Predcona Tntng 1. Which gulienion te a oreo fr the ray Hate hii, Imani, an sly sect tee sey es (Cnet be contned nh guano ig Oe seis oF 2 Hive all quo ten anaes egutngpeity,tetilty, ad ree? 2, Repertory Moy iid? Wat se 4 ‘Nesp taper psagngcrsoge tees be expec A43-_ Critical Design Review (Sytem Love 1) Tete Agets fewer? Has conformance ihre de beeches? 2 Ares pctene od pects Sac? Int ecm {eran evant iy oy tee ely Std? ed Dee pe et os 2 nt ia we a il pm nn ‘cnt nap 4 hist mpesene msn pl, wi coespong eal tn ‘enna ey fy 5: Have ctr matiy ter Sef? Whos were Sila? How pronto al ees ee? ey rine grb How? cen ota rg ce! be? eve ech ou res ns sey nace, ect? ts ee etme corse sto Hen How? Alot ect 1, Daten ls ommcrmeseec 1 Remmlnciy tc potaiy pred ia ew ‘roto evens? Capi pbn tne ees 1) ermal pet 1. Ihe wee dome ape 2 Haste enc dnumnton bee ch fr con? Mow? 4 Teeniqanes io nubeing ural? Bre eth ce of age? 5 Isha belig sprays? Dos iy posi sn ince 4 firs te itn ec? fay nee” “ 4 te redone tet dey’ it of a Ca ohio ‘marly potion beegeed™AS Requirements for Quality Data Reporting Systems A gy dae rpraing stn ste alt, mle, ad ere Lice calf org ung pt ning fs Hemme wl = St ach een uty say at 1 St pin of ean PT ey ping ol ‘events or compte ned gant din epertng sta for compet Cee ed eae 2) Gener Regeraments 1. Uptnduces comple andy fede inertia mt be ‘he pinay sce tt mpi 2 Aigo owl ee Fee) nd mii mane inerenon ‘old tesa 2. cers sad rxponalie shoal be cary eed (ee levels Seong ese lect aie) 14, Tey Sl be en and ely eapabictnw ed 1) RequlematsRlert Date Cabecon 1. AIL dts cms defect sl atures (ean to ey, ality, ‘nals, an sly snr) Se eae he i of meget) ad fe warty pc 1 Repent es in 1 Clue ny ti sen fran ented and anewers he ‘penne wa wie, wn, wy ow + Sie epnte el 0.38) er ferment for cones eet [Esse loi oman sc) contd end [poconed wd sid ely sare om be ae poo te arm 15 cree Se ns Despina heptane, ft an orecine ‘on eran shld eee cea td a ie 4 Dancoenton saber owt toe ys a ie poring atone for snl lens wich an be ‘aie ictal ering on + fom aioe en lon ch pr ha (ft le) | cnr ay. lisse sts eb tied ws qo as psi or Gl 6) Reqlrements for Ana 1. Tse le fon for ec ese fare 1 byaactcevew bm inci ces 2 ‘aie and defo bs sid cong eer oe fe) (pat ate ne woo) ee) tie eae ion miseig esp rm) = Sept re ite ty pen. 3 hes ae pt reno change, erp) abe epee Regimens for Corrective Actons 1, yer cone pending unl ie ese come atn Bas ers comple an cri 2 The gut caatepn yen mut meno cove ste. 5. Peat nd epi pei Score aeons eid (ingle coe ee nal ove a i) 4, Themporiag neal ta bent ets comple conse sedanad 15 apm Quy eRe Sp 36 0 Reqlements Related Data Proc, Pedbock a Senge 1. Ade oti em low dts amprsion an ingly ts procs. 4 Pb dente sn pera tc mb push 4 Arce fa pee evant aon al be ae fer orion 0 Reuirensnts Redo Compas with ter Software Pakage 1. Cnty with rm specie eran manga! a a cs 2, Daf we flowing ets pags bv sare Sern lay Satu 1 Gulp atnnpering etme try companies 1 Suds png re ge ene “ae ee fo mpeg» ait ta een pew sd ‘oven Sto 10 manga fr eden compen Coens ‘ero dna oe uty ca eperig Stem sole wi th ‘taut econ wont pleated sl ef by projet manger" Maer poblen (ets and ules) sol be Oss ly yt reer dey ogy enn ‘Suse man, wich con ake pe ic AG Basie Probability Theory anne be predict ety. ahogh the tome tapering ner iat conte Examine of ge te ung on fale ee apering Une fn system tepatea a et, frien, cern repulariis appear rpg te scene he ee emer Proebiliy her act pie wich ves tans eer mcs ears Tis asamp Owned pet oe sve experiment stew pty ery. Ta spt prin the lerodocon athe compte proba fr ance ag ost operi o evel rgeency ot osm la ng wes of tn. Toe come ‘ar of pati, soced 1933 by AN. Kaoguon (A610), trp fobaity dary smatenae! pe In aay ana py ‘ary awe te inverigaton ote pobaity tts gene ol opera fates ore stl para tne ner en codons ee clit Seat rey on he us sh eT sey ‘ev nthe ince fd sre eee omega Feneton of tne ans ba fsa proces (peed A) and thm is (penx AB). "Th ppd a campedion ‘obit ea eee fon x mara it oie fa il ‘Smeg gps nm AGA Field of Events [As loge by A, Koogory (A610 the material ul of a8 ‘pemen with anon cnet 9.) Ah tbe some sae, ‘ae evn ts re pabtiy feahenn ok $e coaig (02450 he experiment cmt oft sage tow of» le nd {2 [,=) thous ot fae oprg int om, The sent 2we 1 Bai ty ay trl clement een pnt yo oil tne" (ocee of he eprint of "seid wih ae A ‘Sevan sce fe nto cowl «pay cat be aged o eer ‘ct fl sce he eet Se ei al ass fal etna oth I is sone, toe ae cvs. The cet [eit 5 tots nem ecto oh of whch «poy sn ‘joe sewing ten come Sach ell eel Bo eld (ra nar owing pers 1 Gicundonemet 5 2 WawaneomtotFtsconpene Hasan cameo Liked me Seno 7 connie ant A Ap 0a cemataty rem it 0 proper ttle tlhe my et lng 19. Fon fhe ete pope and De Morpeth ha he cout Inecscton 44 abo Best Inpiy ay he lene of YF scale ta) cnn Te tt pat operate ce ee od enters eee 1. The amin of fi ene sete A Ayo eens ta net hice far es oe he vee Sr il be dent fy AOU. oeby Ua, 2 The meron 0 fi cou gens Ay A. feet i ‘eat ach ocr if ech one te eets A py sn tl Be Geode An arb NA, 2 Thecomplonet eet A tet whlch ca and ony Ades a (ag Hindeoedty I, X=fo:weAlnM\A, AUA=ahand ADA-D: peu pets lt eprint: ‘oe ample ae isle cle ree a ithe inane ent Te rats Ate, me munaly care rv = bid torany fe). Toe ‘rat 4k hie ego te hey soo eer ete of bo orrineyer iar ete jeg, the flowing ve be may ‘ned tect 12 Comat ve 6.2 Concept of Probability ‘ewe that 10d sal of ae m= 100 wee kno aga oogenecs It of ppl eed ce ede (PCBS. oe aco For bo pons he sin PCB expen the eae reeny fe ‘Searecs feeat(PC ete Heiney appsing wo comer 0038 a he oda of een (CR keine. Ar cDorsbow, 88s emonateeimaion of i proba (cote bake tc capes trate ae) Rene eqns of he oceans ive opr ot I the unter fe ees 4) emer of oe epoch os Ine large of cu Ad allo ey 2m: juaee na 3, RB: Hees ae mn xl, A d= BA) tig) ab ROO Agl= AOD A Exper sows tf meson oo sn ec f(A) use fet am dt te oop (A) lo depend ca i ms of Walen, One chr ha expt ave cnr ht wi nrenng he Salmi comps tons fed vale pla), we Fi, ASI. Kee ‘ems ema og te insig vag) se probly Ao Se even ith fA) aan eta of alld intl mh ‘cain of pty woud ado pce ne xe af cota (00 ‘rma ee ‘Sine Kolmprs wok (A610), th pail PA} hasbeen eine aPo Me meer Ty ge Abt ie psy neni 1. Axiom e Fora Ag 8 AEG 2 Avon? BO\=1 2. nom’ Weve AA ae mally xi he ifjan Zr, ‘dion tect oowng tener kes gee 4 Aen Fran inten ef maa xlsvoonets, Bid Us Al RAD +B) 5 haan 3 Meas hg weir hy Ag =I fem te A =P ‘Shir Avon 3p he tai of Be ot orto PA. Seon Aum 3 coin property oe ttn ‘A wah eso be des fom he oper of FH), hich 0 eat ‘orance pay hoy” Tt oe med i te treatin of Prva oft vent ae if he relate puny of ccc of i ets ses of al pein pps ere with he aby ‘Sey Cateye names A 4 14 (A. Fe asm 3 fines tae Pugi=0, PunisPam it Aca, Pei =1-a, osmuaist 182 Come ei on Wea wodeing an expetinent wit random outcome By meses of te moby space (029, the ely en he detrnton f the [mebsbes Frid forever” Ae. The cu of expernet ce lhe Bene the stn! prota, ened are it orn he ele {equ Hm, th fowing mia can be ed fo esa al cy 1. Cail probate orm tba): 1 eae A Pale 2 Gemeri rotbily pts fom dtuton: 1 a sein epee Si obara eaves yn Pays Stat 63) Ieee ed ht he ee probably cna eee par of ‘be Eocldan pce hig se nea Exaile A md A ee Ee (ABD) aed AED). ‘pen sone vmerenantm Prone se {ny coe nt echt en a1 mia 20h of ayaa tsetse Wasa abyss- Asoier way to dering probaise et ela them frum tee otis wre now Th ees eigen te suo ‘ipcteard apcnofthe eof pray ery (Apert 868). ot ‘cele he reared bly ofr yom canbe cued he aie ‘Stineccmutr site pues stnctre However ee feo ae ‘Eecrmiing pmol the hs of ive Regence wi tad sense mets (pees AST 8 A 63 Conditional Probability, Independence he concept of somo! probaly Is of peat importance Sn practic! tppstion es odie sc at ermine A hs eed foes eed nine pote an ene y Pr 8) Er enple AB, en PqB[AD= 1 ncn gener flere rm ch ‘gal ection potty PR, "Te coment onions rosa TPIB|A of even nicotine hxc ts ter ge propete lave Fens. Lat be etal abe ef a repens and it (md MAB} the ero sens of {Se Ar reese wih nA) 50 meme Wien contig ny he 8) a nih A cus en Boa ae Wa nay whe ‘ee ogee sl ve, Le AB) is Therene fe) cn he was whe non areca rene ann manne juan nT [eton (AGA) lene te flowing dfn of he condo prbabiy [RIB|Al semevet under coon A mang Bn as cere puna marl POM, main, os om (A6) tons nt PA A= AIP A= PAA 50) Ving 8g (AG, baie PBA wtb edo Be ee 3 Ci ey npc Pm sain of whic aie Ars 1103 f Appr AS2 bly wh TRiA|A}=U. The sfrmaon “een A has eee” ts lets Rem aly sae [4.7m somo vee of eee AB, Sie Be and Pally” (P| sl se Earp es. seme date Ad indy if enema ‘vent Aaa es manatee patel fe erence oe miei Pal ala wan, orever be considering (A), ted, ih any a A Bicencd whee Ira Ow teed Tu hts sad een Maodoay it Pra ales as “The eves fee Ay ely npn ech Ose FB) 0, B.A) apie Prcom= Fala] 4) = PHA eens Emenee hae el hb si et a=. © Nein apni hen cnet f(A) ede the malian here deg) =P IP AAA PUA PAD (RIB) He, PU -F}2 0 aud An nora spel ees when eevee Ay Aya ly dpe ni ee (NES) le POA ta) l= [or ‘AG4A Addition Theorem for Arbitrary Events “Te prota of cco of at om of be pny ove) vee Aegon PAU = al ema asin) ‘To oe te dre comer Am 3 (APNE. AG2) lhe pasoig of eens AB and Bo minal eacseeven (AU B= ACE and Bean mudae.Me 6 nae bi Tay ‘eet iy tym 2 ei ny he ES a elec Ip bm item od “Te lion aroma be preston way ves, Fa n= 3 oe is PUUBUG “PAULO! Pra tepuc—PtAM BLO) Chiabe etn -eBAc) PAAR) PMN mAA Reve) asi) tage FA Ay cm be i ye le inceonecain cass Dray sto, haan be shown dt SFU W.VA SS, $25) Sy. $£5,-5; 45) 0 ‘Ath ayer sin oot cetyl! boas 6 ‘Bsn ince, a ed procnnon fr $f ea fo en =e 5, ‘Fore fre sino ene Feces aro S35," AE ‘es tows fo Sere DID Sa MEST) CS Br AAI Ay AGA. Theorem of Total Probability Let AA bematally ecasve eves (AVA) =O foe all £4) Us tnd AsO, t=2 Roem ary eet Be as Bade Bai UALJm(BrAIUCRA MIU wre the ves ‘we ho mtaly ceive, Uae Asem and. (X88) (ah Fea A)«EAIPIBI AL (sit) gun (A7 exranen hore rar of a prea, N84 nm nig “0 ‘Erect fo i (yA yn ei 8, 6 SPE Te rk ane ir al Piya one eioeiceat Fock asta, Eaton (ASAT) and (6) ea Baer orem, wi lows eb Ihe a pane prot DAB), ke. os fen of «pir ‘protaines AN Piagoal_ Pisa A Prat” SANE AL ma |: asin) Pum Ak soma? Esra om ae ET AGS Random Variables, Distribution Functions teeta an xpress ace i ear, ne “sing uty sea rand are. F sana be ome peg ‘ee wowing ae ann eae ing aes in ‘Rano ‘arle we espn ew ret eter, ee The wie (FP Invoocdie Apps AS2 become (XB. Phe = (m=) a8 Be smallest event felt contig ail (em) tervals (wit 20 bln en {jmp of gh Pris) tiple fm ave det "sie" Appertt A62) at Fico frm eget Asn 3 TR) co haves meat une mu fume The ota at ie ‘indo vie ahs on alu wita tenia oT ent lets t)=R)-He. (as20) ‘Tf owing ae of endo vate af psi reatient). sh Ze asa dst andom vail be essed ae Viwett 4 ‘Te chunatin eoton Fi) fede sn ce 6 ton esgic fy onde at fan Bin Zpp fe Sten sax) Ant the ae 1 cca a Bi. (N82) ad (A622), £8 conan (£21). Aces Cc tone ep suo abe ich teste ue C wat oy I. The atone f= Ck {to imite Ro SELES (lore ngs 7 etre hn soso Ea hocnecasecaney Ax eciyingran cof crete ron vaio eh faite ‘indore Toe ao abl © tnt can te ee marth bes Peace, 2 onto em yr: he anova) otis a asa ninemirs= finde 02s ced rity) deat of he do rile ¢ a sss joo Tee drt aon) anh ey) ae etd most ee) wera to. wea ee Fe N62 arene sed stn fact xing jmp tn coins Ec cone ine apoio, Tox trbton scan generally beveprned # tint (eeghed wn) of de aa cones Sb anton (a3. Tacit ery ene ere peg te connie sna randori 120 so P= 20. tn + 4 poi nding Le #20 aad RO)=0__ The ayaa ee fin) oe pte poy at ‘enw ope fa ee nba Ru) == 1-H. 0825) ‘The fare rate) of tem etn a commu alae operating sie ded dn -pgbnessot leonewe ante nti nny ‘Conptsioa eet By. (A853 an AG) spctin LEUSESIOBOEDA gy 1 PCE) O-Eg rin ERR Peon tym) dR x, 0) ann RH RD simp sigh woe flere MP a dey i). oan ‘em with alte operaing tie the ane 0) for al ee ‘cual roa fri 18), Os te dt ty doe asm eras Tempene eee mt2) 6s Ra Vai mi an asi {pe eer mal Be he contin! roby hat te em wil Be teal en a has on Hom (AZT) ws ete a) jee Purdenne® 838) -fune pune Plcesinet nel "Rie te>rto| > soh ME ne (as, >| > RE ¢ mpnan cnn a th igh of tm ca be eo he stage free Nf). Atng MI) anderen flo ow Pae>stulzoale Pee etsl eo 13530) For an tm with icesing fre a, egy (ABO) shows hatte prciiy of song fer yore Saree at 9 fc tes eis tom ape Tepe ls forse nh stein ar Mosinee ate oon ft mee fr RO orem ls m)shien see et “wot pert hy ny 1, Fac of on erie Is) monn incon ance tnd cones nr ble mh eon nF) en he ‘don arle =u) hse bt eon Fi) Pr =o) seers Hn) =e. 6s ner 4° te een of came AKT. Aw) Sb, uhh me kar te ae) 2 assy aw) font 9539)as 8 bac ey 1 is soma creaig anon. soe vale ms De wed feeds ae 2, Mae of iran: de ition acon ap Ro=PhO+d-mRO 839 fate mice of FoF) wi mesh 9 and =p Cs 7.16. Next ae plier mere tue? ita cons er es 3 " “Ten rope of dtd ncaa iy hay we Secs recat pen ASI, Aedes AATandAGAcan Bonnet Potvin 00 + i. A6.6 Numerical Parameters of Random Variables Fe aough charsization of rand asleep ae sch te ‘aps vie (ea) arian, a mesos De aT ston es ‘segues ‘A661 Expected Value (Mean) st ih pros te epee alu ormea Bs teby BiI= Sn os) reid he eri converge sskaly oly aks he ae tgs th 8 nce as clase cnet adam ime ey Be fae vy hte ene (neh lg) este i i ced Hh ast ‘sno, ln ames (AGH), eae snd Sveti pce oe pe By ASSO Fre Styne not et ae qty Hs Bye eumeonfe cman Chtecomimct ie Hes atc hy pe by rte Frc 9639) Bie foto sean sc tran ae era f-rion= fra ass) gs ewe A al 6 neFane notin as Fdenme. : canine taetinpsin sores — ee. a ee — et tc ti as om Soe memes | auranaten | sa | “ware Popes | Eraeeepc he oft adom eae =) Smi=Eunin — —Binl= toa (6639) el, ried he rd ing uve sony, Ts para ero (9 1 eee Bc Foor = cei (asso) 2 a) wile 8 men it~ Ftene, aot assy ater ied propecia en by Bg (AS ad (AE A662. Varlance “Te vr ofr vaile xe e red (pes fe ‘eden vssrund on Vee defn Yate B= E1) ser) sin vecongaed at Yateley sss) asa) asas) 1B) or Va i nfii, ado ave ie vrs, Foe ty amine Ca, (AAS) a ASAD) Yl vatce= Ale vate) 0a) 86 Nal Pani sn Ve a vatcieo o- Wail ss ro) “ag Ine cof of alsin of. Then vale cetewe cme and sac ands ud adoro ‘oul cen Oe arora ese of dpesons rey he (hte eal wh sts (Eeanle ASI) eey > 0 rge-tinjze)s YH os “The Cheyer ney mr cle pov ones o 0 ‘Mocnimton cb tpn pope fees eB Srvmacnsr mest ‘Post eer gy cate ti Be A Fevcm i ey, ei ei CB ayy mile-nabas anes f 8 ibe Paks “TEM ‘eseatnf he exaneat By (ASA) a (ASA) ets he core sie-aane fe-rayiog, 151 as‘A663 Modal Value, Quant, Median In soe ote mone daca in Apne ASG ASE, eed mace ie mani, the base of © mall Fe) eb 2 Tho g que inthe ate ty for which FO) renies the vane 4, Ig ithFn gh genoa. Reg fra onions ro ae A6.7 Multidimensional Random Variables, Conditional Distributions Muimaniona random arabes (odom wet) ae oe cei ‘aby od vay iesipions of reaslesysees, He,e eacome ‘Sarena en clonrat ofthe marco space "The pty ‘cell Pima i pends A eames (RB Thre et ‘en cet el wich cone alr y= Whenntaet claohLsnh vel. Rando ecor we dented by Creat Jeter wih at aoe F Gy vba) Me pels isi=P¢ ea), Ae dnc doen o'2. The owsoe ior PAE St tet ass) State Stl S19. SI ise dion tio random er. yo + monly somes ah arb, 1 toes) at etone ite gosto, + cette ial les go ‘ 1 tos fa opt eh wri, + cht ipa Peg Syn yy] com alow oe Bs nth ea fhe (n= yi or eample Ww Pig tay <2 ‘ayy =F) “Fd Mah) me wa) ea be stove at vey comport 5 of 2=(6.n 4) 8 vate ‘idiot marge! atone Rae MU SAR tim) as Me components Sh. 9 F led chal) depend ay tamer Flo Flaw ss) sn be sown ht (NS) gua fimiese an ‘The nd vest se) bey) comes if «Senin fiji) 20 8808 heat de ft ssn fy te dy of a ie ne conon Fer santnnas Ren sb 468% fotos at Pace t@h& Alf flesh oy 0839) ‘Th esi of minal deny, can be i fe ie) 88 fa) Jon Feta 856 “Taecomponet 5 coins ao veo ae (hy) aspen ae ay eR ed Fo wasn ors tmo desc onion adn estos ¥=(6 6) aon“ 6 bac oti Ty salt css ‘ade candinl dey of tp ver he cain y= and wih (4) 0 Samy id= ta) oo By fr Bee. Ferrel eof hen at f= Fits Fie a oss ‘Ta ray Ae tere Al= fenddn = Fawn, (ase) tapes w=Miesn= fetem=[ Froatalmmen — sen A6.8 Numerical Parameters of Random Vectors ta FC) beard ec, weal a 8, Te ‘Specie at oman fda abe (2) the 8 Baan 0 es ete] femme fore cotince ce [AB7, AS), stg hte ses dhe ea conver. Tee condonal pected sae of gen 5,7 flim comin er 63) (ARS a sion fata see an Jems miind 900s) on (6) awn om ofl expen ni oy psa apatons AGS. Covariance Matric, Correlation Coefficient paving fe T= (ont) hat Varco, a inant ath Cicpateni of anon tect cnorane ui ag ae = Cov] =~ Ky = TD seperate cena y Se ee ee 9666) Seprdery bw eompones C08) y=) FO inepenn 5 Faw neal nd Yost (yt ua Sots, wm oN I=12. SoD es ete creatine th dr vie a, pve 0 [ot Terman popes ft cot ein ae 5 bots 2 fy yw niente 90. 2 patton ad y mel depend,sa 1 nacre Many ‘AGB2_ Further Properties of Expected Value and Variance La ote Be aria nm ate (mses fad ver 2) ving ine vrs a Gy Geol Foe (ASA) (A) (Gay toons at FIG + Bday ees) AF ands dependent rind vibe en, em (A668 f= tL seo, ‘Te tne a of pene endo varie $89 band frame AB) er (A) and me Wak ghe Varih ath asm) rye aa : Varey ttle Var Vato ico) a6 A639 Distribution of the Sum of Independent Positive Random Variables and of Ty Tas aaniynd ea Obindy x40) a aint seemtyent| amQe sing ota asm) “Peseta te et yy Nom ts nd ty be two independ pone cnet ade ahi wih etn cies Fl) and deter 0), fy) epectely Go Oy eg 65h We we A a at ean No 88 ASX. er sks toonmustedatuaet nen (6828) fornia amy syoreficone-ne. 1ar0 Te exeson woo independent eto nd varies nd ty fad freeones Bye Jateine—nde ant myer Jaca nde “The phat de of (A878) presen cmon of doe 2) ened by Jocie-néceninenes 679 “eat nto open. yn ep fe ge rn Wo=hota 9976 eet ato bw mbt tin cnn a ts i San ‘ei ner mmc Pa A) Sere Shaloh um ebsa Na ny Ty Ro onmen nets [nae ; =[Geaniaee-fre aioe 5 AS 70hwid R. ‘marae 5 Ce ‘Su of on random vais ie sein aly hay whe vei ‘adeno pate comosr dom ails. fownae f= HO eh (asm ‘Mapomer hey AANN Monster hatocsegeeae on Ras Pin >h-Pi 1 a AS} a at Ryne feta Ayden Msi ds, 0 gst etait ar cent ie eae Unlined a (thing bon fens foray ates the mii “iy ati gy es af sede ae aaet ‘Sr Or tea ee opeaig tne fe 9 pall oat rem rere) rey ate denier pone den vals wih cuban incom RS eyo en Pian =P >8 =f 670) . Ht Pitan SAPs ste. $01 TTR (1520) ne td a ear ald Ea Ee Ryne ny san) ie (the ale ae ated oF) 2B (A678) (A628 ‘A610 Distribution Functions used in Reliability Analyses ‘A601. Exponential Distribution camo rosie ac aie rata one int Fosi-e™ 120, 130 (assy) ‘Th iy ion m=e% 120, 20 asim) sn he fire ate (N62) 09 dyer asa) ‘The mean nthe various canbe ober Ea (NS an GA) at at asso) vain (asa) ‘he Laplace anor ) asting 0 Table 9, foe ass) amend Frm ASA Ace fo Psat rion eo oeaws sere Ty Fre exponen icon he lane mt conson inendepeden sn eu to Ths importa pop) fa chraterioe the exon ‘iat nd cs at pee nth yer oman ton heal ‘Sepaeseclo tecas of be loving popes 1. Moon property: Aasning tt he tae opering tine 1 reomsuntandeqel oie. This a conseoeace of Ey (A6-29) = ss 2, Comma frre ttm ee: Wap with end i (be eects Ey yt te itoring tne yy a ee Tt mesg 0 Ey (ARTS hen are an onto (eden ada the sum fe ue ns os ees Irs 136| sel Rae "tel emote at ie xenon hy = hy astro eer dl wi nepedeat sey snd lo emis ee ine een fate tes 3 (00 Bas (AS 308218). A6.102 Weibull Distribution "ee inion ie rei te ex RnsieO® cea Apso. ss) edt gen by rare, 20, Apso, 890) ‘0 he fire (A627) by y= pao sso 1. te sae prone) dpe on ot an B shape paneer leh epoca bse For >the aoe ie) tees ‘nso wh 200) Syejee, Far Bes) decease ‘encom nd Hm) 0. Te mean nthe varance ee o (ason) ny BR as soy ron feena 3836 i he cmp gamma fsstion (pendix AB). The cet vin Fete nso ee poeain ipa. Fron th ede of ‘Wabal dthason toms ped with cesig BAe snc expen Iota raf be Wel arson fc et Fora syste wit redoihny (verier model) woo sents have lndpene aes oprting tines yy dae sung (S89) ce aay none Raine OO ae OP, winn'=AF. Ths, fee pecing tte fhe ye» Weal ‘Sento wid punter od “The Wein ston ih 81 often csi pt baton cf thf oping tines of soem hae sb tere doef ply, el repent), Hs asec by ¥ Waa to wi eno ain iA. ‘Sein forth san om (na decent en vais wn seein ci Webi St AT A (a8) Fyete ten oy, Apo. 0656) re ‘Scans (eemietyyors Wate publ an op fn ep oe ui yf nna ny) 0 fF) ee rt Web ‘Leta tn pen ty nb pecs it artnet yA eter wo eon a) Movoc te tng ong Fy any a eg mee maui wh my Obie on tami svt "O8 ecw Fe Md Pw EVA eeu w ad Vath I SH ate Ae‘A6.10.3 Gamma Distribution, Erlanglan Distribution, and 73 Distribution Tater, 20, BAT) Rosmicsae tl te compe Gams acon ei by (A494). Te igh nie of FE (4697 ie cap Gorn ton wh eg he appends AB ‘Tea te Cat ata pen oP Tr ne fare rate ce fom 3) = 4) ALF). constant ie inten for Bl monconcaly crewing fot Bet and monoenely ‘rng fc P>. Hove ena oe Weal edton 3) a8 ometgr to) fr fry Tl A ora rape A Gana se Sih let mas wins dee pret Weal bon (AS.8)can be ‘eats sane peat 12 ‘he meron he vara of be Gaza tuna gen by “ 20, ps0 cassn) wal so» vara 8 109 ace 6: ‘Tse Laplace vane Tse A.) he Ga denon esi we 100) rm gy (AG 10) at (N76) flows at he sf 99 inn (Game bn amis wih ome, ya, Bh Ca ‘Shetaion wh pennies ame ns 2 Sn in ran ete eng ie ore pret SSathwiaenee etc aes Ror ssy thnGane corn oo ph spn Foe i222, te Gana dain given by Ea (AST ens an ‘tng ratio wih pene ed Tagine xc (ABT) ‘ed conpanntbe apace er heer ben ke) ‘hao te rng dsr fo 9), eas ote flowing cocina 1+ 1 Bang sre wh pratt a cones them fm independent pny bed anon rae Wi ‘Tes dathson son FY) fhe Eragon rion bain by paral linet of be iit tod ie og (AGS, eth Bn Ths ea FOO sa. ase, cxsion, Wes Noi/2 we B92, v=, ent Game din en by 54 (97 hie arin in wv eet ee ‘Tecenoyeog neo tes eset fhe our nen Venous Bey Rover 5a rosmidenel feta, 20, vena. (aston Frey? Fre (ASI. ABD nN) to ot Betottd sion as 8 2 ton wit ya2e dees of feadom. Ei akeae (edged, normaly dated rom ates wt sn an ane Hew 1 deinaed with degre of femdom. Te shove cms show he ‘Sporance ofthe x dart In matali, Te dane ‘Fak dw comput te Poison rion" CEQA 102) wi new? ad Adore asb6 nh kev d= L ant masses A930x 1 bse Tey ‘AG.104 Normal Distribution _Acomeony dation incon ja hry pat the nal de eat Towed le a cyees 020. (A815) tongige Pe meaner a (as) ‘he le ee foe 0)= RAL). The mean marine ze een a) vate: ss) nr nmi depen eon te src. The es dr Seely coe ‘equate 9.) 1 0997 fore ner 30 tony any xd ao ihe et aes fo tiptoe, Fi ory Sad wit pena md he =) ‘ecmaly died wih pneu O an, wich he standard normal ‘Seino en pee 2 sab fete 610) Me yond me nbn my ete an ee pnt mS moo a pee hen Ni may ‘Ecce wt peat my ty and of Fok sample A616) Ths le Gan be pened he sos need oral iuted redo ‘isle curaich concord Jepsen moral cba aon Yeibio eu ASO. ‘0 ea ao A m aa ts ‘on pny tt nes 2 af Beem 9s eonng te A620 ioe ee, emcee tome ang ances (omen! walt Ses i pte mie ate ac ® ‘The nora stbaton fle ccs in peo apices cme te ae ‘oe enc af term of ge nmter of itil indent ren “antes cameo «oral dstbton ane elaely geal cao (cet tere, Ey (AS48) ‘56.108 Lognormal Distrtbution ‘open esol Seed Ele AIT er ognomal ston, Fae=@moIa 120, hes asso)m tac ey hy Te deny oe forge = 20, hove ann) ae fate rate clei fom api The mer an he ane fe oe w= (su (ONL, a8 Tae AB. oan vate: sus) openly Te deny of te logon bain ns te ingot ge) Shri ply na be oi acter ay os mania and on Geran elnely ly (ig. 42) The topo dsb tion ‘rte sta omen npr ame Seton £1). as ened dtd lly ing Ser 1) el nce ew ge ste ‘t exicelytadopendnt redo ales ae combed toga fe mile aon ae for =, fr be tom ditt) a we wongige eae inom, Timed eed te roomate wi)=2 Nem den pnea on M-Net Ryn an 2-8; ena en We ee Ses Cam an 81 ne al (1+ Fh eM at ain, tne pil a Fw ote et nen ay se om ‘86.106 Uniform Distribotion Ateneo cms ttt a eter ee Posmirsia|E2 tactsh asi The deny ten endy tmgh te asese “The frm distin ia pacar cne ofthe Esmee prota Inmoced by Hq (A63), but Ala R2, Beas te propery esol a td of Exanpe AG. norm diiaon el (CI) ye aimee en cion pte, ‘AG.10.7 Binomial Distribution or li which he ny onenne r e evet A a i ‘copia Ti uso an beeper ao eet ei anf} fase suis {ican Meal aoe If Pe ot B= O)=1-p, sn) Hg). wan Vet) EG) -281= pp? =~}. wane Ate ue inept Reo vee os seth he sae protbilty =p, 121.4 ced a Bernal made eeu of rma at. Te omens 835 te fr rp to of te rpested sting ft cmp ian leo oe 8 wh (tive components (p= 1M) 108 th cmpnet et he at ‘rtesog Ge wirocrn Te to asem 48 bt ety Sore, ‘ass ie ie oe ning Rel ak Ten en PePmene({ ram betom Oepet (asi20) io 0 ete in ions tine nk varie aig on vee al wih pba py "Fo owe Ba (6120, canner ue AUPE APB = BIB OO) Ise by of hve cain te Bl nd tein st felowing as (8.8, welnepeien terre inal ee ake) (Ga As ty mentede bg 3 = amet A pen ct ed 9 rt 38h es fo ie SE ty ocho atte ona sci», (ita nae or esc ie Cee) ranma dfn By (A619) at Pe sH (asim VatGlenpa-p) asi A610 Df Pin tiny os ge ot. Me an 4 CAI a RUSE lee Benmsendfe) For lge th ona iba converge th al ston (A60).Thecomerence gn mining!) Fra vane a >. the Foss sppresimaon i (AS179) can bee Caron a {esa canbe es pon Slaton etneen he sl he eo te rier aan Aen R). Geers of (ASI the cs Whee oa A yy an oar ih pS ys a very Ha ede te mln ‘ri mia oes ins, Anh t= Ahan, wai i oth ema pt ‘46.1038 Poisson Distribution “hewitt anes re Chara Poon dco f Behe mee sin) Bethe m0 sin,m6 M6 Bae Tey “Temeonand te varie 5 asim gem vigiem. asi) ornsd fare fe operat, nF (ABTES) wih m= Dt Bee oy fs es etn mel (oe 9) “he Poston aban ln std an apronarioncf the oul onvepence, allo Pason apron, et m= Bg (A613) ten ye om wi rf sad mp <=) fiw a tne (asi) (asin) ‘Thee tnd side of (A630 spel af ec spur dion Eq (AGI wh v/2 eet and =2m). Abe fe cise dtbcon ‘ened emma aon fe Pon on Tle 482) rine oss 29, Varig) = ie a 18 lee cin ey es m7 ‘56.109 Geometre Distribution at §.5,.— be soeon of ntependet Rem ities eta foc thera occurrence the eve Aas germeric rbaon given by 7 eMGeNe ptr ket oxpeh asian ution (AS) ftw fom te ive of er (ass) rae 8, a, 8,00 8,208) =H= 0-0 ‘Tae geome dbo he only arte ition wish exhib the nema prope, soc be apna inte he conto cae Tete rom Pg th = PNG Oneal an aed mice eesl gon sa nF Th aerate (N31) i ined ve by si) sn) Eee acrnmtreen sn vette asus) He Beal al cao ott esa ters A, hen By, (RSIS) roe aio econo he manera nts Breen ce ‘eurnce ofthe eve A andr corn: Tor nape, Weak 2 ‘Spc ner se ne gil ewe, ‘tes te gece cme thy = ap, lndisewe =~ p/p od Vel=C-P he™ 8 Bae ty ey ‘46.10.10 Hypergeometric Distrbation “Ts opera arbi dss motel of random sample hot replacment Fer exami, i owe tht oe we esl Kee rye na i fae te he pay ng ene compen inure emerson (cs) memgenehe) ea ances sw 0 Aan A619 hr in Se tt Savi p= NF no ia ay 108 nie petoon Geren (6im9 agent, su vg 200m, ssi ob AG.L1 Limit Theorems Limi sore a geting rts pions cas hy a ‘sed id sproinn ith be bp of kw abled bts, TO (portation i nh wo re maar nd ca in or Tie of no vie oo ton 2601 ene a» ‘he coin hy ny he a ne age. Te AGLLL Law of Large Numbers “wo sos od with ew ole ante ae cavergec proba merece wit pablo. La bt be ant een feos yc [7 Cy cmere prada trary #20 plea Shoai-0 sis) etd Gomer wit rai omit Pin. ssn ‘Areguvae cosine (A618 Ephrgp[eh>et=0. sna forty €>0, "Thi ese teense hoe (AG and te stone ‘oats gen by (ASIA ‘et ot tow coer a fie spencer ls (6119) {aei8) ou (130), wi pvr p= ant et She ue ay a6) “Tequila fg ec finn indepen Pa The wo i of are umborsstatfoeery ©, inral-rieaeo sy sen enn sg hide ‘Simla er tune of mepnde etl arated ets vale Saves nem Hele sagvasee Vatgioo! co (lat) Jase asus) aril Acctiag to £4 (AG 14) th agence Sl comers probably to PIBUAL Motors, mooring te By (AGIOS) te aritmeic meat0 1 ba enna hy (testein fm independent buen fe anon rine (ih ‘te vnc) comerges im proaby w Be. Thre = Sm and Gniytnti)n acon rime ef p=) alo Ee ety (pint AE tod A823 Equa (AS165 n tst seeere of Caer cgay. Ae eet ha he weak ew of ge ber tien by tong lawfirm, & ein Accing 0B (M46, eae ey Syn come wi prebiliy ne (05) to pmPViAl Sit fora equcneof denen esl ‘Ecce randoms vale ty. wih eas] and ae Vaigleo ee (oh eek mit, LBs. Hh=1- PS) SE Mtg toot Sgn SIMI R eh oe en (A faa at isipen) =P -PMh'SR— FOF care nhs lore engce we reo vi BoT= Fah) Fyn lOl=E A= HO. ans) “Te ft Hetil ya (A.15) 8 eel ton. oeto HO) = 0. oebar O)= 0, Tweasbtn ons Ftv ates (og AE) HOH sad =| dt-adte no an) sn eh somali 0) i 0) Caine okra ‘he ninemsn AF) s+ 3 finn] Stent ann 0.5, (ATE sy Sun oon le he renal dey. Using te ero emul (A), Ba. (AT.7 cn Ye ren nt foe1m) =F,i0+f Mam ~ nee ns9) Buon (A719) one eguton The comerponding eis fo he y= t4ere faces wm "eanestw th By (A720) hs exaly ean we Lipa om Fe end irgien ype 97) feoy= wna To) erin eee rca io i) “oan iy ecw pce is complet rman yh nel deny Ni) reewal nton HIpur,cm bet 6 GORD a fen aaa ‘aon= Han 2fne— ane? wary is et ica owe aH)» EW wd Va eB a, ‘Then ety Hh long tran ening acto engin #40)“ F) float Igbroves-wornco end for 0, acetate tein +8) =O “his apc fe eal ey in pact apn. Frm "HRA fw he eel deny) fer aly me aoe re My eae ig 2) ney drwen ciealrerne Heh ower rt Foam proces Fs) Fs) a at) 80 see ape A725 a nmenitties oom ‘ 8 Sn my 5 eh Ob nk 3A RU oe neji ag, iA e102 Bo, YB ma (9) (FO anomie. ‘Relapse ia i hee ena EAD) @ fehnnaseay fo hamhnn en, neem tet 722 lg cent ie 8 Sine eg oeenye Braga OPA evn pe eG tusrP 5 —— sore Baits Steatf BA mtn Pet nom nay ay nn Fig 42 ‘ecient i eB or mop bam Secadiyaruncincnty sa, Fy indoor bacco SEER i ec mage eh {Spoor rncferiimtQh name 71 () wv nd oy a ae Sect neoansane baru sent A722. Recurrence Times conse nowt ston acon ofthe rnd caren eT) Ao tie twverd cence tine ts) Atsbw ni AT) ad ye ‘ie inva om amoral pa an icv whet neal po or the eo) reper I {ows fom Fig A. teen > os Wi on a owing ‘ely clue ven esis Antsnntyores-g), nett Cv, BUA =1= f+). The eee Ay mean ta excl eel fina have xed before an (reel pwc herF ese 5 td ry pede att PAS =H=PHtseres-ak ath 2w s,m eee ft pti (81) r++ fRONI-Po+ em Pate) ete fomand earn (os ba he eg slater) sont -Re +a yy an) “Te dbtn ston fe aca re tne) ban persincapel ROOKIE HSE ray Soe Pi) >= 1 FA), be Sto eine af 9) maken amp of ‘agi 1-Eye) ae pan A123 Asymptotic Behavior Apical pss ery ofa Hecate proce) lmao be te telat fe proces fr 1>' The allow ems ek in Mean B15 1, Bory Rena hsv N88 ot I, AI: be cnn (429% (aye ais ee we Ho) =I nan) For Var ith at ieee wi oa, 12 2. There Bement Renus Theorem (63, AT A724, icons (R19) 711 we fe glen mtd =m 21 enwe 1 Ba St Ty 4. Ke Rene Theorem XT, A724 fh cts (428 294711) ‘filo, 12) bende, nego Rion vet (Geer (0) ad Ma neva ee Mop mtease Me lo tharwin, c's hen 879 (oh A) 4 nwa Dnsty Deore {AT KIMI), APIA econo (APSHA) {ive 0) nd Re) gous sos Vafejens 2 en iano ann, 5, Reece Tne Lin Thorn: Asin Us) =1~ Fes 2) Bg (A228) nomen Fe) ta wel at = freer, Ea X25 Inptoinssirgigf-naranegrafa-aoe. 3) ft ey errs 9 cine ewe auc ek SOC E evt Ae honey aT on “Tere of By (AT) mpertn expn e wong fine pares [etlcol-sre oo ttn 2d ee Gelatin fo =F )-t-«™ aman pepry oP ssn. Sty, fe back cece oe ows a L jocnnw ot iuole + et sioaous teria eat) nd tbl ote same (Conan Pore for Reena Proce (63, A724 te ens (a) a AT hae band oP = Vase 123 marital ah fo? a ear i : geins(A727) 19 (A739) st he eel ce i ry i A724. Stationary Renewal Processes ‘re of Agent A723 lw any men rcs te tnd a Arnel proces i ana in ent) for all 120 the ‘ort etn of) 4725) oc nt pendent Wisin lor tt ck ten a nly oct i pc eicahip ‘crn he aon sor FQ) ad FL) en by BQ (AT GI) Aang Feb J--|-Fondy, w38) Buca Hein, i) Fetes ands fom bree veking oo ar 9, Wi Fn (A738 dM fr (47.39), B. (A725) is foa 9 Rae So Pr ay pisanseie ge ft-vone-ftao-Reve- ne giglt-Fone. 10736) ation (7.0 inh meray and ficient rato of he eer poss ith Py 2) =Flee 2 (Gs 0.and nef ae Prive) Pavey wh Fy 8 BAT) and Fy) a a By (ATO. Merson fr 2 Teo owl pin HHA aad in ea oun of neo win bieay nual nf eal Berra) comping (73) wih B47) fotos hat ede ery gener coositane 1-9 = ee) seal poses bse vay Foon he {tow epctso cot ema wich psi aps {Toy cnr for 120 (10 being a array time pot ‘oe oat inert pope of nny ee poe ae suman ‘ale APL tute (A731) ab evi haley) sa fo) ne ‘ct stony reva ose A725. Polson Processes ‘There pro ie by (AS th Bpenineteds wan) homoge Poon proce. Fe en By (A7.37 fll (A736. “onthe Fou proces ssiana Frm (47.1) (47 10 CAT, (4725, a) fs a ie eceteneneninal Bates, sense, onan Priv) =F) Fat) = OD ee, aah, ars saneateiins Me Weve cow, mewoedine ao oa roaneae[ Bre aon ‘Ast ot of monones ropery of he exponen he ig ses) 0 BAT. bs inpendet mere A Ponon en Si dans nn ay ene wh ‘Statiuieg &anlereig (eel eine fon Mi) fe 2 Ingen cn ron ra pro wits dente nme (412) yo Mt, riven = ou tee MBL ey ante bec 0-2 om ‘ext ten i) inh ry of te nontoogeon Poon proces. For MO) ‘noo ws at ew) mlm) No ent "nts peice ie [i comontnamary | inet fa-mong |Oeceen0-7 ‘ene af rents 21 iearae = Eo = Ela oe pl ( | enemy | es reo 19 aa Pm Th AT3 Alternating Renewal Processes “The generzicn of he nema pes ges in Fig A by inscing + postive dom repeat Une sb! abd Gt), ote ‘Stas reel proces An alain poe ce ih ‘tac, wich seat fo te te ce are tine te orgs Fe) and Oi) repel Contig he nahi tad wr ya ei fe io aco 2m rt ty Bioutat ound mpetly oto aera nal rcs comer to ndpendn tore worms fe ad ecient, yes Fh Fares opera nel be 2 pt tines en are Bi) ee wR egy 005 64) tee at GD teh 246 fi 0) a), fa srenciejanona a namateiiefa-omnd, ia as the MTF a rare or een he flea etn rep. Toeveqence Tati eteethon am Bett te tatpon NA) {imo osflatemaing renva pracns artng = 0 wh ny spel Pipee ATS shows ane cto et sang ced Imrees, Envi ry of ae pce eto neal pce i ‘Racal ts Say of Sag mired n= and Sy 8 md wih ‘hee ne eon po wm soma at 0, tet Say HG HN eth A eet Tern tw edt nt 0 fo tots Hot Trecosponng emis Goh dM, eal H), Ba) fore inet staring 0 tayesed fort a. Te el + ees oot (A675. "Therein f Sen 72 ca be ted og teed rend ocees of Fig ATS. aon (A722) ls Lapis ome oe ene rhs Ms, Mas 08 Ny) feat HO, oye Hater a iFfne) iadnre OHO, 5 o fasre HOO i aye as ins Fancy ” “To de he dering seal poses dele toe Fp AT, ws ce he dimen case proces (tay) wae GD ‘ert tof he oc epee abt ee) wo 9 te ate Pe Tey sat) ant e arwadecrec ines in ew and dv a, sist, pve at te or der a ae re 83. To inven nrc i sheraing nel cee of ig 72 pePriemupstt=0) and 1 pois doenset=0). (4730) Artes (a - PAPO, Ney OOSA] mal, LepeO= A, G0) PII9 A'S HO)=A Nd Prat +P 959 ‘Sey eval deny ecm amps om down ow is vay all Phat +P 759 ‘ing Bas (A 52 and (A, ed eoserig (A725, fon at Pignew ents) 0-0) geN-R 29a ans, Pig anend 28 Irt-oysetiefiden-Ouereme, a set 0-08 Ay Dtiosatent-Fne igen -Ro- de 03 ‘Tega PA) = Prima cas he pt apa and I +0) ins aevtq)> 9] be tral eho gente erin 62, ‘Atanas rere ocr, raed bye prone pi 64() a GG estar fe to-dinesonl oes (HD, Fag stony. At ith te nel proce i can be howe et apace ‘rei at sn aerogenes aon eel i oy sth ATT ay TTR np (AAT 20 (A748). pf 20h Falowig elsontgn ply oh tarniy lematng reeves (Granola 3nd 80) Pao) Pe ep MO x59 R108) ad bic ines Govketenm Pry = 2,982, era snd she i polly) AR Pod miierzi EA, nen aay A May tia wh apolar if dnty e set pote Pry =Z). jam eles te ial ‘Staion 4 srg (477) iasabon poe en naSpey ve nse at Epat 976 ‘ae yates pe ying Hy (ATI ie oe ttonary dition of ‘he at in we ent petites ye Be (15) (47) ‘A Mata i ith ean pebles py ree vey sca be rahe ever ee te, be for ath angle ea at wae a cn6 7 tse Se Paes ican awa pte (A770 poms ania sion wi a 276 ancl te Mato han edie (ATS, ATAS, P27. A729) ATS. Markov Processes with Finitely Many States Asoxtanc ro i) smn in with ely mays Zyn {Meron proce ifr 2, sy ae pos ov 221,32 iy goo PR+e) 2 160)= 2,086) -2,0..08H)4 2) Pe) =2)150= 3. orm ‘Te nil spots in Ey (A777) we he nation probes of ebony beet yer) Pir o)= PB HZ, |B on ‘guns (A777 and (A779 give mle robb at +) willbe Z; five im 8) 2 Bowen aed ate Maho sn aw ‘ier se ino be sei By (ATS ath 2, tiene ta vied ther Z “Te Mato pri in omopenoutt Riu tel=Fle) re) ols Ine flowing aly tine ompeus Maton proces wi be cenit (ce Fr trary 90 and > 0, Toa) aye Chapman Kelner cpu Rue Erion seman ry emai tt i 02, Peter wore mt Sry = asp sndhsfom a soca mara. Toa wih he itl iron FO=MRO=Z), inom, ns 95 Mor Pm ity my Se o he mason puis opel deine te dsc aw of te Mov pos Ipurzlte se prabier tr 3.0. F0)=PeD=Z), = wow ony ‘Bown at Fwd meaty tien at ante sted ty ee $y Ftou wan Sun 76 est eam Py(B)= ny A+ 00) — and 1 = Pyle) = Be +B), arse) fe esque har en a of oo n,Bo=Pitu +87, |89=2). ent nd fr B20 ant 048 Ptomy en 21 +8 01= 2) 8 PreweZ 84 +84 8092). 90) Dy ley ssn eto to en jie or Mu eh.yi tne Pre Tey Setig 2 ag (A. scones at. A.78 an (N79) ie nyrrtne Err, dor RoR 3 dhe hing i cot (7.85, at omnes Sry eR sn Eptions (A791) ee Kengo forward guns Wi iil cnttos ithe by an Ep. (ATES. ey hve sani sotion wih san Ba (hia ote werdy be msn cen (A 96 (89) trieey deri h taaon protien Fy) of he Mahon pees. ‘Stay fr By (A790 ica be howe a en obi ye) ‘Sosa he Rooper acard opuron faoeando ary, Ueto “he flowing descripicn of he ine Sonegeene) Moro proces wit leat tdaice 0) tn asin res Jem, prvi a Bsr ge ne reo Mao pce pe oppo pres wi feces coun spl pu laa). re acs or vesiaton tor cscs msn fea esos Seton ATS 32) an i the ‘lion fr he nvedcien of tm afrtow proce (Ston AT. Lat Ea bea smuencf ins vies ling abs in ZZ dog 1 sts accent cca ad yy. seve of pose rnd ‘artes ening the tofu mes Dron Po cnc ne wane. Pete ee ee) sn sa tee Pg=ZI°R) iho 789 tn fr MND OY ey Oadby pote 105 Ms Pe th Ma Se ~ Pie 2, 040) ye BMRA ey AZ =P = 2s 2) b= 2) = = lel Pyle (ATS) Bg (A795. 5 wll (AT), Z tenes ater Zi Sot ees in By. (477 a ema with Ey (47100, Qf ices ony ft fy yt Mar chain hal ta 2O=PRo=%) Pari 218 wa Ay=0, embed ine gn sess. Pen (4795), ws a Esme A723 Hyd Pine #| y= Aba Bede 796) (8 i sem Maron rion prob wil as hb into! ‘Ste in Seon ATS Nom ee BO Senta Ake, amy Uke fe Srey a796) em Bg (A7.98 ane memaierprapey of te exponential baton (ASHDflnwn na 120 Man pons th nna draton Rior=POD=Z) oun s Minton 97 nceveHe7), iat = fin LmteaneZ in +) 60921 Boy § Th ston of ine ogee) Maron rocer wih metion tePpand cmb bene a eaiowing my (A724 FD {fat t=0'e pc rs eon 24 SZ hen neste Eisen hot ttt rin py ysl ‘rn mn ee iene ines 6-208 22410 10 eS Psy te proces enters 2, hms ae bere 2 (4 wl edged wih patti pate sje me Zw be Sinitandorring minsel ewe fo 40 ss suet ye ose i iat nn) ce om Ares EF Howe tme Seep ns dec ae eso nae rewrote, pac apo he fovingetnig canbe sw determine she wnt ys andy) ng 95 {fe proces ners hese 2, tan arbray ti sy £0 he ‘ef tnependn random in yb ye sj nei "whet pon» 2h prowl eno Zy ate ones Gagne rao eyloral) hey noisier, te qs Oy py.and 2) agen by Qyed=Pey Sxrvta ty te 3199) bya ty Ba, aa308 Fler sy ala ny Be. oa Amin fr Be Maro rs enue ropes y By (A777) Paty e)et-e xcs in 075 Oytniefene™ flerrayaBa-ens, jas, nso eee =P gymy for jth 7 rund, (a7.103) refiemie seiek oo S «xsa09 Hynet-ene «sns09 ‘shal emai at a the meer rape of e Maroy pre ‘heree mo iewnce er prec Zn? a ter ae) thee, However ont tne om Marr en epi AT ‘Qe pel rote sen ane Surety 2 (me hosp) Mav peri yi ol indo as acer lee pang eng cited (Agnes NIC), tie evlon of he se ne ‘pee (neg forma) ‘il ol when veatpng Marto cen te gram of rein robinein Gots] ube B00 (82, Le B10) a8 Fm wy ie potneg, 10. Tegra al a ith nied es 12, 1=0,.m ands ied by nse pies (0, whe em ef ie of) me omits tan etna ale rmionsaron ae ‘pie oc tel sppsion)Takng a acu he pees 0 he ‘Silene fy ded id (7 9) so 0 i= aoe) = 24 meV eprcai, 73) % rm too min =2)480. (AIO wydranySesoen. je ain =t-n 1 with By (ATS). Ahoh or 810 Bde at y= G8, ean ofS) a By (A729) Ba, (A7.78 and Oy) an (479) (0 (A718 ae Basal arn wl OZ ee ste sed her atc nc base ‘somes An ATS ge ag of anne pier (85 fo sone pa arco tay apples T eer ih Bp i ‘wna hd ne nga, te Zyl elena eu oping ein tbesere ne) 3 ge owe se ate ath? nc Tiers ‘Sielamarorsapearcn tong eens Capers soSe ee Tarkenat tate myo sah fer ne reared Poyemir 8am roy ti ie Se. iter ee A261 pn pra ‘pers ate oh St" pa put etn oe (etm Ot, Mars : 105 Mar remes ayS as ATS3- State Probabilities and Sojourn Times ina Given Clas of States hasan ceo e sur esate fun pa. Th ne pris low caston fe pon oan. Te relay cn ea ‘te. Forhorre, cambio tee gto fr te homeeneat Miroy pes seaplane al abi, seceenany 6 m T= necttesjaen oon saee(eonneaetayemloed. (A707) (teas sre rats af pum ines an be aie ct fo Maron Poste ghee of etal eens eal sepa eqns. ATS Method of Dire Puan ‘The mtd sire eatin scsi oa sein vesting Ma- ow pee, ished onthe gram of ston prone f .18 Comers ne mogees cov poe 0) wih iy na ebb ‘ace R(@)=P{)= al etn as yo Te eae oie tay (A785) FOP Z Fam ye ec tweainieSriom. Bop setoom 00100 Mey e A:00 me e (ATS, Tp ty Teja tetra odana sks ro Paiamibinetie E50 ara are ni, pull condo pba) P=! mk BOD He 10)as 1 ak Sat PT ae semen 2 0 (nly ent 2 eigenen 1), lh cee ut pote) a he aston pratt ‘Eee a (79) oe he ied at Hyenere nun th #40) a esto of (A710 A loons a By (A710 (rot Ea A50 Te par may, odie ih PA) Pasin=PiecU| 802) Fh Fam ALI PA. te pit he ens ino the wp aes agen was ue erence ‘bite pce ole ON ei te peti nn ee oni roresnetyo-a.ayenine evtnenint-nsmtn nance ante ebae tn -RO stim tbo, aanoeenin hor--aoonmerinoreunin fura-sneeane. cous tn a ols fm 0.) a pg AP. Tema EeeviOy eign nd cnanewass0rep Met Nemo mame Sept ih nh. hope (NSE,20pc omy canon pita wi S10 Sane) (A fee iporc gut fe viii ery he rei fmt gti ithe yo em fen) Rl) an be canine ‘horny es mens at pce ler lee 20 ome 2 ‘hee 20 iso iat hn cus een pumice ete sat se era le am f he poe ein oe ati Sst ny tna Le poby a op sb cpr Seaceruatr see upgncr, Tome Seem come be fl Maroy pees Ct) oh wa es) ol ane ayant net, yt RCT, sinBy aN “he epi 1) $9 ye flog ae of ee Binney Briony. e= Ep Fe Oam (ATS) # sf ing in cn HO) nd H =O 4 (as 2.0) be ‘Motos yn hee pan Pi) mee tn obs Rost, wn) ‘Te rely fncton Rf sn gen by Reape Uerdesss|OHZ)= BHA xen. «A7AN‘Teed bis (PL) ae eed ete pin fhe eae, Secureyoity que fre pb eae. anole AT sas be ‘Giison feria non ors otal Pare tery en hy es con al A iy at Sipetwoter sam 2a pote Sinttedwonme 2 soon ere on petion Homes fon-anhiocnin soon of Ha. A wi een ete a 0 ect t=0) i te te pena Hn Ana ad ‘retin pm hay aca nap.) ah Seapine ‘uaons (A712 an (A717 em ecm o etre th tai tt {he pons sin an ep se at U) Fan es tee he set U te eral [1401 sven GO)=Z%. Ton quant the era ably Tye). Dawe menace paper be Matos poe, las 60) PrlapeU Tree 544 860) 21~ PRADO win een (ATLL tom ae. os QT @ 7532. Method ona Batons “Themed of eral equation i se on he een ofthe Msn ros) 8+ pre jump pss by eats of yan yw eden ope 4732 (A?95) ust meray rr te ony te ‘at ins Ge state eee ims). "Te ruin poets Fy) = Pr) = 2,2 can babe by tena over ni, Bt Boy. petomi, ® oa ih 0/44 andy, Tomo BG (ATR cote vePgin=2,9s0 min 40°29 « Erez; tee in a2 0-2) & ar an + Eimtin-zensing «2 1801-7). ae “The ot es of (A121 tye r= ative ity ae roel loves eb! yor scan to be pet ives by ge (A709) (47100). ‘Th eed eo oi foray 1B (A799), re =z, A LO)= Zr Qyd= ple) ad PB Nsaz.omnsrg nape Aytn. Bato (A120) en flows te Iie ed proba). Te ae tay be 1), ea own Bt te aby tion yl died In (ATAHD see te awig spe of egal oes raceme g fremngionse ae Spe a i oy Panett Pg) and ier biy TR +0) a agin ie by SAI) nl (7 19) it) oem (AT0 1 baat oy “De yt of tga etn (47120 ad (A722) ca a ng Laplace anor. Relea pens A), 45 oe ra Bs § Beton, Pye NE oh tes f Rev. (nia) ‘mputtion of he man of he joe Ine op ses. Deve arr, them mene fare, piel Sm bie Zc =, insta cons) ‘he cong 1B (A712), MIT, aie alowing ye of ee verve SMa, na Bay at wine A753 Sttonty State nd ym ebvie ‘Tee rmination fine depen rai nd te oi wai {yee wt clement ae cnt he mdm posi ‘Seti or ep ecto. Howe can Bsa a soeening, Toe ‘Stoners wih se poles se depen oe wh te pecs ne anna (ue sem fet eqns ee ‘oem of gale eos ‘A time homogeneous Marko prcst {With ies Zoo Zy Ht $tnary, te te praboies Fl) PAR'=Z) =D do et pend nt “Tis canbe en fom i lig mai 195 ao Pc yay a PAA 2,9 ABZ SPR I= Zl Pe ylented ie, sain 0 he Mako pp. (A.7) mt be vail er airy Rewreipad eel vm) Rrany o> ied BARD, ABI ADAP d=, MB eg Fo 2) Fe ftw at R=) =P an i pine y= Comegterdy be sess) nary ely il bon ene 2) FD, ane aay 150 Hey wit 420, S04 w= Bey. stm B 7 om very shin of £5 (A727) with 9,20, 0m, tay ‘Mato resi etry pa 1. et 41 sacha si), evry ae ca beac eve rat ce ‘Sows at Fy) ove p> den Fy) forty #0). AoW oc src in nly it ember cha ede Pe irene Marr pce ths cst qeties >) JO. wih yt f= such al nependnty of he il con Re wig Sav thence TA (LOD =H 0 Jaton wa Ti ryii=B20 Jeoam cn) “eet of ae fof eg (AT28 eng ditto of Min psn 76) and (19) ln hn ro ree ny ston of (A) wh >, J =m "he anion aay eae say ate alt he poe: vai pasiewen ey BmPhaW=Phy= EB =O om an) WX a aestot (on Zale Mat aes Py Fa thelist en C2 eeig ninoemominnte eH AN yy, nec fe ia tation 60mm BI) fin REL yy aun Deda eg oe oe pen 1 tment zo! fPagende a0 uns (A7 10) an (ATI edt ran Ze) In AdateAtyoPhen Bn ao) Exresion of he fon 247 an be wd slat the expected umber of cpomtnn ATSA Birth and Death Process ‘peta ine homngneoue Maho ces we rey ay fo anys nesipes a rn edna) wih ele eos ie nd ep ss et an et proces agra 9 eon ‘pene (10a grasa en ig A Sah gest 1S. and woe tans a ate 77 tl fo, Tegciely. Takin cue gta enol Soa nth probity). The sm of iota ous Gsshing te Bh nd Nore, waren ait fre hr 195 te Pe i ay a as 2 ea proces en P79 (887.108) Fa ocan AAT Te conten v9 (JQ. cB and 8) 20 (ha) a alien for Imeem me spot Eyer any ice st Bele AT he ing Ob Fe pot i is Fem (47136) one recone hal v4 = Re = 1) ‘ring tbe pp of stain aon Sgro ei SMT Fabien me on AeA, Wa ete A tem gatas BS8 gta 2B Mg Hy Fe Oh dar yon, Jet Mt 5p ean. 1 agi mi #4 Pe rt om 7398wo 1 basen ene ay Tee vas ff ge by Bi. (AT6 cB dn (A713) tein te weasel of he pol away The sin man tn flare {we mB (AT126) eth = #0, py = tol aie a he 2 elon Ui =O fo) ‘pr 79 A710 we pon he rh ed eh oes m9 Bech onic eam npn st ‘Dene ty ey 715 (A) reer onan ey an it ln nf 47199 ha Going Tecmo emeson a core 195 tr ene ah Pty en 2 en tren mt cp tee pene a say SEES TTER oa we rnp er oranene Praga sin saa SAA ey BAAR OBR BHM oon, Yh fo 583. ws iar on ited SE a, 3: See ee Re ore eat gee easae ‘As or by Eales A740 ayn of ih an et iat 79 Asin nu rey wi 04, Re flowing lain fr te mente tilt pAb tind (eae A710)es 1 tte ry cere foket me TE) Fr rst to orfh haw we) ‘gun (7.14) asta 21 te. rad sae rai i te truth al ah pres dered Fig A793 gest eof i Sesyste poate nal ie flowing Ze J=Oen— Tae ‘usm # sn velo pram esos esi way fests pa ‘Sy te i A a6, en 8, st-aiay etn 3) A7.6 Semi-Markov Processes with Finitely Many States do Man ps Are 9.52 os a ‘a em wh Mor pes: Hower, shone pen eZ ita pve dom rare vy whvedntbeon pens oe Zand on he fetowing vas. in oa o Mor proces, hr sou ne arty durin mt expel tte i My pes "To dfee semi Mahon proce, ep Bes be ihe soca of comstey cur teases of ale ge Tips Zaha ye mjunes between come les Lt ‘shui pie nom aries A moans pce 8) ih he te fee 2p 2a eae Maron proces fo Rt, 2 wa) I Geshen elim) darian ate abe Hs Met Beyer s6BoZy)) au "ZN f6 21-9, CAT ‘Te fntons yin (A710, find ny for ae en Manin evi pbb ne ee (099 9 Stig uer=ny on) Ronee wo) ys) = mF cane sang AT) Pest Zila Zhe wi we can RyndePeine |e 2s): onFar py 0 fy) on ety, From (A140 coms up pie eltenm} Toe all sso «snk Mat pcr serene, ‘Perl de) he embeded real pres of cee ene Z (Gesell te ered 8) “Til dr, a the aon oe vec, 2M sve sore eel by y(n PB) 2 ou i in <0) (O75 0 ois seh ()= Pr) = 2). ssn 1B (A.168) a 0) = Presa eum ein | (022 =) B0) Bete ety tet Othe pated ut sn, te mt Markov proces Maeva a imc gee ol ate eon poo ane a ee, ve tesne 2 ae egerson ps, ta cnn 0), fl ‘ee Mey yey mt Deer fo Som Mavis) Bennet t-0. ‘Tee sgpece By fom Marr chi mee Maro chi with ‘roto poles Py scarg 1 H(A. US) t= 2 lal ‘Probables #0), £0... Ts) conn dato con ‘SenjunieinZ withcomeque spin ZG bet sae be se, ‘Nem Mario pecs ea Maroy rece aol y=? 6(0omls Araneae lose eae Maroy pen, cme he ‘String enna prosaic prada AT (loan, 2rd fbuaper te Rye Rylel=Oln, Ril=Fyieh Ba) Oae), Rien. RO=1=p. ni opens he ques (aor ps e-card sing (A795) (A 10 san Scene 3. Tatham artnet 2, etn a0 se by omierte =0) aaennssltienieyrinBan anism ssttoneaty % =I 1 Qin, (arise) ete i i est a . net cosy st ora (0m Cone ltt hh he proce eee Za =, ok RO=1 md HAIFA nis) R= PID=2;|2, emda 0) nas) cu hey pein (A, oe oe a iran teas een roet-aoe§ fadonye-ne cz) SOR Sete NG tera se Fyne Socnemet a ib 020 and ys. Fal Us ate spac is died oe Cement ete Ufo he tren ad U ft wm se a (GAMUT. be pol avai om sn om 1). Pay Binel |Z emocdmr=t)= S80 edo hy an Ea (ATIS6, Te bay te fa rani ete Ibid ania Voce tne it lll nc ee ed perigee eas (4712) Rael Z flonase tet wi 4) 264 4718 al cy py, Ramen {he oun ine a be pon meen ie fat fla Ge (150) a nlatoncfealloneg re ofa ions rs Epsom, at. ans sh Facog 5 (ATS, ens0 0 Paci rm Tey fee tte eed Mesh cha rere eth se in el om fre tee ih aby) em Mitr ace i onary and ‘pte al rata Eq CAPISO) eny(AT ED ATT yore BEL forgone on von go “ 1m By (A710), py ae te ean probe (A748) sap he "alonarydonnbwon of he embed Marko chai. ae e We ‘chon en (Awa 28) sw mn 20)00 90 Eye Jeti Forte some em Mato acne ste pois enone Sean rent Poste B, ta 12 ar 1, he we of te ie nel een to consti oc f 2 Norbegln tne 010) Ean, eae sho hat (A716 is cut (47.109, The ned ‘he ee pou aby los ener 12) y= Bae 5 PE eae oder te mses mide sone, Le comes sj tne wih Fie seaside oud Moo cite flowing spl for 150). eps of tal on =O 198 Sem ao Po Fi Mat 6 inne ee aw os) som Paseo Page DA. (A718) Forte serting eval pce (Se, AT with cep. Zndown p= ted or) Wha at yp 2d Maken Sa) 28 TT Eq(A7 16 oF (K7 168, eet Phy fh Tee TT pe aoe) ‘Thkeranle shows ese bu elifermce beeen pt uh ron tc ihw tiigaay F e A717 Semi-regenerative Processes ‘Asin i Agpens A752- te tne eave af epi ye canbe ‘debe ya Maro proces ony he alee open ie a er Ses fal cements we exoney ried (he cont ro ‘scan boner deen pn cast ate se Fgh A768, 613,203 212 {ar sove exp) Bese the spel eae ofthe Pang darbaon (Eq (AIUD nd Section 833), am-enponentialy isin eat Ses mele fret tes eal nn see css some ao cess, bat ore gee pens witha fw regenerton sae eee 0 murano prc. Toa wet be tne bo ‘ering tine or repute at ony sxe rans (te change) wich is nov ‘honey dated, ober he oor inet eae as ion ‘edged oe ho log thse wegen dr iar ae ead ten, Baample A712 sows he cs fs proces ih tes 2 ZZ whch Sh ee gant wen Ya ann rs oxout wi eae eld pre tence recurs The vein en bce Sin tome ne perme Ingen. o saree har, Seto 58nd fr soapsahha ore Tocca wn hie ce apn nee area ee 2) wee 2 "ena i) Dao be aan pos a a ‘enn sn in, ‘epee ns pc re ela sneer Bae Qe) ehissnny le finrtrancinr shire On en21=faont-e an) a co py in 643) an i pn Seike a mae 2 ip A ao Stra ei et (penises) m pn nb Arm. ‘torn tiny (irs ame Gh) in ‘Mora erbctonmarond oper Gino sever seuss Citi tee tn tgl=fte Ma ceeyai-e ne atoning. ome gee conseatons o somregeeratie pases see gnen A put Jong process) it ste space ZZ sem ‘ence, earpiece 2% Fe ten Le Ge be te secre of sncively Sourng Tegnerston tee ad Sic. he fandom tne itrals betnen comet excumeae of ‘nr tv coninon ron vat) ne (N18) mst feo m2 aby ron yh Hae re ale i Eye Mie bn Cage Sy 9 Bom pests Eiduay Be wyeersee ziedy soe procenr wid Hate spice ZZ snd taneien prbber Qs et —rHvenbad se tte oes he pie GO By tin t By Stay 4 ys MLZ fe cg poms ace dealin Appi N74 Keen dent on Ge bbe rgeeaon ste ivlv and fa probate rene can tvs Coupes The epche at which fed sta 2, erst mean oe ‘Often teste tm ap ster Ui at of he seperation tes Zan 2. Buon (A718 and (A159) tn he te cla ‘ey fn Ral) tl he nem anne foe HTT pn fine in. Forte pat avait PA, ep eget slr (07156 epee (Secon 642,543), Te emtedied vas Marv ocr 8 edible embed Maron ‘ain el omission acne Fe) =r a= jefe A P=. . cane stand at pend on ntl dso a =0 (ASS (Val. ID] The tis ten ky eval een (A729) Deng The a ‘pur tine nee 2 aed by Ts thea of eine el eee comer cares feng ia fr = th mes Phy DR (AT) For Brame A712 ith ha 01/2 ee. Mask cid. fr) Tee B"h, To-do RO FAST T= zDIIMA 8 erm MaDe, ad a Te oy (109) Pay ATS _Nonregenerative Stochastic Processes ‘he sstomption of abzey (ent expen) be fiesow 1 Sa ty San ae fen pon ene nde in this tons my 0 ree Sone tise A gel mod of nascar fe ton stxhei cosinor Manono Mow mses ya ‘pc uno Toe ening ps me en ed 1. Aprosinatn of rion fon: Apogee ‘2S Cortef serio ead rep en) by Eran drt ‘ton (a 102) awe tandiemton of he rial proce ‘Cnc hemopensu Manon poses veh neice ts 2 tured of plenary varie: Ing fr vey a ‘Suen suntan hela fe oper ne cre ast "pa tp ete et nn po ‘Moet ceasing or fila pei glean Sipe mad (ip 6) Tews mee very eer (A785). ion ein we luisa the eee mp nc 5 sis red oe po net Sesrpon oh pcos) omaied ny a are pt pss (Se fea.L Auta of sae nena ear ow ang Kons Tice (Props 2 agi ire) ith A= [Nem ‘pupal ng eine eral) soe 2g IAP HLL ATL AS an ‘Ste cnr cre sem etn 33.4 hw nepede leet Tengo Ge a Ge) eh ay pss with ss Oaown) ae 1) ‘ting the sent and he rye peste fhe tea at po (lah oo cen of gs Ialoam (anim) a Pao Pn ‘hen he syste pit way of ptm ic ice by Hy (248) ad (So be esated ah Pp Mr MT, my) ne eg 63. 10) Twos ie tine carro tetas aay te se rp furan tomeias,In te ca appoint epee iin sc Seton 67 en 68 AS Basic Mathematical Statistics fallow Givens positon fecal etc neenden sees wth thinowe ceca) perio trees ging peti we ae ‘ua (anda) sung ot poplton sin he Ds tcl tr ‘Sten ae mae fers soma of poping we ihe prt eunaton forthe eating feo fan eae ‘pring ine rte sc wheter th xpd ae ea) (reales) of given (anos) sve ax srs Of pes rl a Secs «suse probabil moe or he een cote Gace Sepmach. Maths ular ed on roi tery tes ced can ‘iy orn in probe ngage. Manton of el forse {arotucr he hot coee of maker! ttce ed i plang sd ‘npr mead, (ase parameter imam an (ite) tering of ‘ates To simplify he ote ter eno Sia ck) vie atl heaping plus tami A8.L Empirical Methods mpl met awa gc a ey station of he dan cto st ‘Dane ims a gealy tudo tepid tw ne ‘herent pe26 8 teeta in AGLI Empirical Distribution Function Asma rb ti ntti eon Ripon date wit 0)" alee rc acne ping es bine Ft ste ates oping tT eal ie Seung tors en ann cs make Tet oo *nlecrobeon apa ern at mie tansy i aed To coespting ore Overton re Gest FED end era gn 8 cm riety feiestcin as) ete emia ring isn he os viet iA for ph epee fener eve eyo vet = er indpeet wi epton and vids tel del ese of he eben fncten Fy) = ese. Inthe lowing, he opt a 2 ‘ce nea can ake ui. As enon he ean hen ivesiping he ropes ate opal bon fcton 0) is een Bq) ep teens fy By Besa eet yy Form) pe ae of aby) 2 boy dred ma We (12) Frrinee p=F) Ts Fn hs en BAF. asa) 7 einige wd i pep a yet Bere ener ea catteeteteceetad Suse pena oben i camuage rama a sa ea a veryp)= OB, ss) Moreover drt apple fe soe ofa numbers Ba (6.46) ‘ows at foray en ve ff) soe th probly oe fer nso. Thi convergence I form in md ths ol for he whi ‘Stuoe tnctn FP ef pra ret sien eGo Gana shcovom (8S, Aba, ABI), bik ss ate re ole Sesion teteen fy} dF) rae 2.» sp |80)-RO) ase converge ath potty ne tO Prin 2, =0)=1 os ‘A812 Empirical Moments and Quantiles “The moment of don able ae cml ered by tesa tn FP ese dian fy Ae “Te tle oy Big bees ted Hoan be segue ae ton cof Bee ean vate wih peta n aeois Retom thing Ea (A639, he ospondie. ean e prc en pl xe oan ay bree LS, 86, ‘igo acon he fmt 6 i] non var hen at Bil=zin, os vetienevetl nvm Ma as ution (AK) som te i i incite of ESB 81 ‘armor son aw flap mabe ig ABI) fw at Bir Beas mie Se 8) “Tex dation fneton fan aly ese forse pra es, (ep somal, egecnil or get toes, Howeve, he ena i ‘oro, Neh) sh ae e aes ae arama ‘grin! yt tal ban win mea an ance Vt Brewton Fi Ege (AS) aA) pve sine te cs However te expect fh eine ger by Var 41). Fo ie rns he empl aan of leon vitel= oct = be bean uso seh ow via vate aan Te ipher ander mets. (A6AI) (N50) be nay ee sbi 3e os Satine os Toe empl quan ye td hg grate he mpl die won nF) ise Riza ase AB1.3. Further Applications ofthe Empirical Distribution Funeton.. Conga oh eo ato fenton (0) ih « gen dan fant Fe tan sve on paracrine inde greet fe, corny de fr dato fat, ed ‘gop ol ne py hrs oa unaired devon Dy bere {ip sot Ri, deta by Ba (AB). He btn fats Fi) of he ‘om attest the aor rare FU) eer ‘ina in() fw uD aon ded fF) A atmo stowed (A820 fr F) eons el 0, pene "Tess avez cp. fr «> 18 ep, oyena gh in ID, $y] nbn Bea sto) “The uaa fncton of Dy hasbeen ble fr sl ater of [ABISL Fora sve coninact drt icon Be Band BO aa verlag hemp bain fino) with probably hires nth ia 9 PUD, Say] Ont e ans) XC int conan, canbe own at wis ym 5p. (AB), he ad Ong vei Fitba pouiy {= we do 8"Tes Fi) i ane reece eve cuss ie umd hand BY) erate remo) dain focion Bh probity trey atm “i pci cf raha tee emer on aon 0 15g ALIS) wars pblom of proba eo) ga imation fan knoe comune debate fncon ) o he Oa of the ome ‘eta ncn Fs). Sia Rntoisatcanachnzeusersci “Te simplify imeigaiony it aes vc aw Fy) 08a soe proba chan. The boi iw: "he emo darian aon By) i ran in en of ‘Pores ich pointed of ots rb oon ‘erent iyo fhe nrg arian FO) ‘Roa eran cin fr iy rele oe ai Cayce pone argh la (ema ‘Coan hit ge parca he oat 2H) 08 tetrorcin fe pf ron sti ee tnd ate in fs) tome ae eo FL). ‘stalls in pul fr the exponent, Wil lpronal sd woe ‘rbot Canespeding probabil char en in Apes ‘398. The flowing tact i Neal protein har Te tne Ripstetaat aetna ng =) and aly abn 7)“ Plang (9 BlogAds nnolanated. CABO) noe system of cores lg) agg Re, he Wet ‘artisan enby FUN -e-09 pen xa ae Fi AB2 ‘tows hse =i Sant 1/00 Aree yA ep Bind ea be Oil papal + Bist shige of ce sigh, cage ee see eg ag) \trnchang yon de, + fg ll 0) = ogo) eon de ie Fig A, eat ag ands acl loin Oe ewe ind f deci oar (eo) To Weta peat chat ala sper be xn daon (Bo, otal exalt plan of pagal eraton atc Insect 75 Fig 712-7 10) m canoer wiht ying tpt im ees ect (fe eoacave curve bined when ing (er Fig AB? for mn ean) Convery fom a come civ cay «Webel don ohne ofan empires of da) tps ving op ‘y= mab * 2g) ing been to My pots A fe ee wale lp op F Sn 10H ig y= 00 ad = A82_ Parameter Estimation ‘nary spoons cae in tint tp of son econ of ‘emg aio use tnowe. Testa Fe) $taowe neon orm hee aod prey cm The none peat of FO) ms ead Sto he Cheers ff A mo ae eae nd ir eatinA821 Point Estimation oni fit ec ere een sso econ Fi) ely deen of ‘elankea) rane 6A po ema or Oia ncn By pate arn of he eerie ate fe rnd vibe (00 the kos rms ee Tene 1, ass) + cosine it cones tO inp Leff any 0 “Berd, -0> asi) + sont constr by xargs vi babe tin 8) as20) + ei 2@,-071 san) ‘ei for ee va + ci. cone al ean sot sate ine seat ete WS onl ation to we by st enn. ran ie ene (AR co 10, -02)= 8, BO,I1= Vata wasn said eit ets ticket Vai) ine an cst if Voii-o0 fr se. Tattle store of Cb Leguy (6 (A649), Ox well pepe of eee eset eee eg sf moors gee, ast ue sod ait elim The naan ‘thon med [A886 ALT ALT scaly de opie ‘pear proves at nes wich wet rae grr com,see con. sympa atic angel ef, ad sym ‘aly some are ean ews at an et xa i the tetnd gunn (i (AB25 or (A420) bah mae nue ‘ChaiceFeherer, nei 8, suit od ony fe ielood ito (55 (A823) oF (820) sb wren er ne Sees ‘resi othe ate te 8, = ly) se Pages AE w ANA “incr tod ml wa apd by Re Per (AR1S 1920) nk rt depend oberon of cre rmdo vee ‘eorchty fot seth tse sens whi sop o- ‘eof gen bye Bold finn Ur =f). win por me =a w9s20) meine ft town parame, eae By hr be lc ‘he mie he ed ion 1a the cae os comin aden vibe pobabliin (ca be ‘pcb te ey cnr, 8) an (A823) ces 9829 See elope mincing the no intend of kes te se re HU) fea nd he xm end ema, ext, te wl al te gan Ite or hs, : Peat ry ® The macnn cto! mete cb ead oe ce fs ton function wis» Se umber of snows parse yD Ten of (A820 fer eangs Oe along system rab oan mse se . azn ‘Te ese gneve of ain bon! site ued mest ep Tay emt en i in re Le nt er of ey er th Scars oni tnnnt Stns ee thn amore mamme pein p ree er cene((Jterrt «mie (anpsrcaman pbk gn nye ic ne me eat Seteic hag mci eleanor PtP, ge ate rip ee ti ore tan ren! Mand inti te monn agement Sangre (Ceatane AireyOTB) -DRATE eM iE Lita hBr=@rere hE ‘rn fw me en rn nen crn spain nh tame wn est am alan he sop (ada he ne fle est ©) and nF ae let, ‘Sida atencdaria eye, Conny # Wel ron ‘in Esai ABS so arg at te oeaig Stet TT hve et Chee in ake we flit ie opetng Se eh Uipntah pa ieteN ED ores viking tifa, bee Ce ti eth fo ght on pce) erat Ae Thee Seen neat te ote) see te lr ie Yt) ening. to ston ae ret Fo B=, i tee exponen corin By (ABI) sauce Bi (a8 wa ADV 19339) 1 he ess stopped on te ecu af te kth a, hn eee Tea testy rahe sss) She Tyan see ip tree kf) issn crepes ‘epg as wih lens hour pln en cee he ‘cuneate I eorgh me angi AR (ee) eee esbown tl beetnge £2417 eb Anabaena ny ietsh os) Hf he ws oped ae ede a the Ty 244g Tes ete, tuft eran 77, es Dt es for hs Te station coneayoss te samtng plan Wt lente ito placement ome age) te yg (TT ering “The as ofr tomes na) ih element prt a pace spin i coded Sts AB Ions 72211223 A822 Interval Estimation sna ns 82 pei se ot of rng ‘Sime fo hte pre” Mow io an ob 20 [ser maton Wi a tral einai (and) ina 1 Oy) 8 ‘eng uch ha ool he ns alu oe wu prt wen Boab coc eral 6 and Oy et lw and per ‘Shen ina fe hase owing iar mam nein ber of dependent sampe of sem fase woe ‘fence rere th eave feuccy of he cen whch the anes mer (yy vera the noon prance omer ‘ay. The te oti potable ee tr tate a "Te ctience ra ca soe onesie. (mB er f=) ih (0.]:1020. Figs ABS mee ample of nen ee “Theconspt of bf td np yey snc Ai ne wing nen te aFe 83 agitate ar $20 (A822 imation an Usa Prabal 7 Com s segue of eli tril Appt AGO hae a iene A ‘cer whan poy px exh. The nol dao n-(tro-on* re pay a ee ot ey tent E(w ons Indesit, prety nlaown, Acie inert soph, teed onthe oberved nen of serene te evar Aa ‘Bowl esse son a ern press by Cape ab femono inTART, Foe gen y=t°B-By ( tna p< B= Far > i tpt be and aumterf aera in a wi {aleone othe vies Osher tas <8) (or pop) in Pg. ANA, the ‘Sec wi soe bye ors >) Tat ates os abe af ‘crore to ad over, (ABS) The lof Be (ABST Ieo bs Ne a Todeemive jy 204 fm a Bj (A837 an (ABB Tble othe Fiker tarsi (Sppns 884) o of he Bet futon ee ee pe tower fr Bobs -(t-7) 12 a aie lage oe of he fling ‘ppnow een: 1, For mislead) >S.2 god eit fer fan fc be od ig ‘be imeyolLaplare heon (De Mote Laplact ren Resrangig (st) acon asa, eben inte 49) qn of be sand pra ton ‘Sdn ies b= kgs brn eg Bel fy 209 (Hae AB On te ei kee (ab, espe depp Hea (anny se equation oh coerce ise, Fox vn vee of nab ete mat fn can hs Ser seo (A) pe tioseselnewriann any or he concen obnnedwng By (ABAD. B= = 0=9072. [gee ABS tows confer = 08 ares aes om 2. Fol ala of conic in cane tered ply be eos fis (ABST and ASH) or y= y= ny) 2. Tes ees ‘acd with he confidence lips piven by Ey (A842), ested ence inal can so be terns fe he shove ws fr rand. we 83 sows at “ho wi 11-8, te ‘gti srt eter tm oe iy ‘Thee thn et pin (ASAD) cna be revere nd (AKAD) a Froiiyy (y= fy-By wh yf) he its a hy of sen of [Shera mined ra oer ctv ke aml by soph RTP. sss) ‘Asin Bg (ASA, be quay BB (ABA) ee (Ly) gue of he ermal iro eb 1.6 for 209 tombe AS, Frage ro, Fa, ARS cin ee ying he tp knw dy ing ‘md ye me sin‘A8222 amin of he Paratrooper {oe Fd Tot Dra Tp esr) with Replacement Come 0 a ies ving cot eae and mum hl th {are te ted rola ae, out km, a ‘it macnn tn in 2, Bane boner panery (Gree by (2p (A720) niinhesin@r]|a)=APhe-s TA mana Feito ptt ime fer flows hen oem (48.0, wih n= od moana nse) Acoli yl ent the Stare rt as be eal ‘etinang the confience itera forthe pormeer m=) of @ Paton ‘Serban Coering H(A an (ASH md he ily been he ‘Stemi nd the Pon Suit, be cnsece Ki hy at ye Be ewroed acu gvenrt-By-Bp (Of Re 1 the Rem “over beh fe ie Se oping ne of an tes tied corn 0 (esponrtl dartcon =I wih nksown Do Bde ‘tt tnown i, Be eng ype abe fis Rel 29) Hy: de ards nection (0 3): fe ho tn iter on Fy) 20): Nebo. poe estan berm 2B) My: Xp, onde he db xp 28) Ho: he to tne T= pum tno, 1 ww hide types inn prancr (I 1 1, 2,2 and ma prac anes 2 and 2). Fc cich fe icon ao mae ‘Snoring pts 2) an comps peter 16 202422), "earings ppt we Rds ofr con rar ae A + pe Lei, Le he ror of rec reygteris Ho he pay of + pe are, Leh or of arcing fe pte He pbb of ise ty Be fan tvmate apse Hy scm 9 ‘bene ety of en suing Pn). te arp vided nto Wo complement 52, A fo acc 1 ferjaion he pel and pe Hore en a= Pps | can) B= Mrpengein A Ht seo)‘Bot ind of ence posse an et be miinzed insane (008 euminic ne), Ofer wn ed ate ch st fora ge Dn misimiet. Tene tows ht shot sua ea Hy 8 fie single hypoesee (4822, Te following snctons cise port rocfreswich spy guy conal nd cay oer soe Chap ‘oc ABSA Testing an Unknown Probability » ‘knw rey pA ee Ges pln Soup wh lu xing af Be pate Me: Phe eat ate in serie pe Ms pom nem 7 ase ‘The pe ere hte ety qu wut wt sale fr p= penile ee tan aoe p<. The ope error al be ey el (at ‘tne a Bor p= Ups stn Blo p> ph Sed sna tien con patel pets, pric pat coma hep fers toe con of eect em (tte Frou). iy ey, whe i tp =1—18 lity a p=1— PA (hs eadye ale), ets cae, the pre's ik an Be conse i, Te to met ‘repay wed tues een pte rly the eae (ABD) {nd (AED), wh p> ye the spe foe oping pl td he ene, nme ane [oe ete) eo tint we [oem [au = orton ee? png til mean (etm nsteraepeuns seas. e5) ASL Siapl Twosided Sung Ms “Ter fore pe sed sampling plan ape oe 1, oc ie yy a (0<0-ct=B comp he sll get E(0n0-nr ose EfPro-mr'se. ans 2, Pero independ ile eral ie) eters te uber in wih ‘ewe compat ese fr exanpl bse ad sie My, te saci My, a BS eas) ‘rine eG ad AE, ep sre i edn sicare SpoorForkavwn andy, M7) wether faving pt feces (ramp of oem Tus suman Hy tue flows the poy of fees eh pry of rig mee tn dees apo eo amleroue ween stint Hn $00? wer hn to nes te Sf “Te sumone wh pe (A) (ASA) et ai, Arson Ip tee nous, ype Lonorand he pe ere ice ot Srpemanl Bir p> pope Pe a8 ra ese peraing characteristic (OC). py sd) we seal (up afew) ew, orton rromatin Ee (Aton A812 Sequel Tat ‘Asso ata e-em pan wh 9-0 and = 2, 3 ess a {beth tt Save ee hye il mjc w per psd (ARGS, genset oo en cot Ail na arg ng 1 Wal Tis ume ngs pe gos whee lan cab esse or ten ly wc yume he esi 38 ina shove cam) Ivete peromed. To save ls len, A. Wald propose In 197 the ‘equi at(AB30. Forse one meaner tac are teed Depend von te il equa Oe ered cen, he see Hy poten eter ‘he tsting proce can be ested alls FgAB In sem of cation coordinates the mmr ef Wi re ‘Reuben ono mabe fr ck hee A care one dna the ti ppd ih eeplane a econ soa the ering since ere =i) cose thao of eon i fhonbihcarein cata or pected a. sand. The wep jin nes canbe tern Fr ‘Acces ie: b= a¥- hy see) Rejctontne: A ane sen, eh (A890) gue ABS sows este ad son Ee 2, (MALLS Spl Onesie Sampling Phan ne si saning none los) aed i praca apn wen Th: pe mand H-p> pyar Mpc tnd p> p,m tuned. Thee ieee ned oc inn 71.3. Sig = Pn eee (ABAD eee My: Pen as Pm cx“a Ae nee Mate Eegrers Pee ers y= 80a 9918) 18) thee yn pier = 0... fm (AN a Oe at pte ABS, ‘bene er can cn ey ge a chapel eae tor ib ty. Det wont le sla etn cp fer (oe etn ween (ARO), ie ls (ie ffm) oie Ea of hsp orate ema Fig AB =n hs for ope values of he pe err aul the cde of he open tances for p>) Income ge aah cer ie nna, aan ere AQL sto Acceale Quali Level. The sbve consent ho wh he hie aly a tend f Jy yt 09 the par ‘oer ag, pts a ed Ont ere stag py =p easy (AS, en os asm eine Bs po, css) ih onc npr <= 0...) (ARS) and be tet rete (AES, Seppe erorsas care ey lye ach ppt tbe ae 1 ov ‘Depending yn ae te fic ed a cmd (Ge ges eh sae ECAR. le pas ue ene pale \Coxsicros et a snr toe of hv cate whe ny ys 2 = EMD, 8% Wie LTD sas fo Lo Tolerance Perce Dee. AB32 Goodness-of fit Tests for Completely Defined F(t) Goninon a prc of hype eng AKIO), Lat feta be indoctrinate gh eens iy: te bina econ si cnt sina sae hype 7 te iin ectane ma, a8) sere Th) hi tin, compel fined. Amnesties be Kainagr-Sein lege (2) est ergy ee ae ison 8,0) wit he pose so ation 130) D> 29 io-n0 ene in Aap ALS. Ia stn he aan fF) de ‘etyptae Hy Wines ote pet Fo). Tas pen. pe ero the hype My meet or D> Ha PD,» ya Mtn osm othing cn Sai joe a of eg» ‘ype fi gee ALIO seas he Koop Soy wt vit betel ct rece«a 8 basa a Pr) 4 2. Th cg) gd oe st an le pen 2) Choe yrmteett pe de Bee gepGcen? $2, ass) emia) -Flod am se Gere tern on spre) =I) 890) seh expected muir of snr i (a sp] eee gees Peano ARA6] ta tw at ary dari of Xander My foros sa! debt wh 81 degrees offre. Tis betenre, BERD >a 9| Mine vas ea te pte Hy a receit Moihae sm halt te (1-a) quant fe 2? dso with £1 dep ‘eli The lane (4 on, naa] Bech Deore {he tet prod i ch 07 atl pe poate eel ‘avrg ply pk tne eal va ef n= 3) A833 Goodnessofsfit Tess fora Distribution F(t) with Unknown Parameters ‘The Kolmogv-Smin st eile se cane whee he odin isibeton nce fy) Hn completly Frown Gruner wav oreer he quai out ect rea pattie Toe chure (2) te tem » more gener apm Let Ty) be he snd carta nian, own vp he pe hy, 1 te unos putes 8 retina scaring 1 he maxi Tice nino he fsa shced fees cg ‘masomal stn gen by (6120), em the ange rapt equates ee Example AS). ass ompated wih j= Tyla 0,)Filap th). has ander ‘symp foc 8» 8°32 arian math oi epee of dom (BIS (120). haa gentpe rors. >a Matin canes en yt Hy at ei Bethan sas acne Be I~e) pm of he on wih ders of esis” Wi be one at esate te parts Py ‘ety he cera fg eat alone (ABS, AED,“ (A Be amd Se Poe. Reeve tment ah peti re gaveL af, Teuton itn ca ce bineonnten thn ath ee EN ol t etal ye cohen He CAD A9 Tables and Charts ASL Standard Normal Distribution au asy-ninsinte fe rte et Li“6 9 toed A92. 12-Distribution (Chi-Square Distribution) gion: htedm-g fi ap? Inner: iis, age, Haan? 02D ain ey ge wi Benen Chgirated Raggnas gern (ivoTe the vs) a wT om 19 Time “s A93_t-Distribution Student distribution) secre ve1 2. (pest fees) Porametos:NV=0,Vanti= 5 (022, Mol vae=0 Properties: HO)= 03, eaioaips: + Nema dion a2 tos f= Tn ls mana isu E10 Va “ie 1 ae wih dept edo an inde, =F) ty disaran sot B20: FO) wit v1 ‘ra ass_enanas.as.amsam.as ov gt tae \ Bssewuneeusecsass: aie Fase stanaeratse, $y“ so tanto 10 rent A9.4 .F-Distribution (Fisher distribution) ‘Tae 9 085 cumeei Fca n Te 8) room Re Le iH FeO seone 2 onal i roma ae 22, VePe PEED >0, ‘ resioaen iD goa : ns an a eee eee ten i: $097 ae ‘ras igae eigen Ser ral ret et Ppt typ [= [at woe [om [oe oa | om [an Y BiB ee Be Se EL fyersteysl2 sl ale $ |S) |e sae | i] 3] 3) 3] 2] 3 2) 8] 3 eared Cm erreeee whe feA9.6 Gamma function Feebs ato wiitih=1 Spec vues: MO TED, MMT, Peden Facet: anata ientM, evel rere, ret) etn: wahetacwmtern “erate Gane nt reneptene, nao ap rere) A9.7 Laplace Transform Dain fo jewnoa msn, pri crsin Fo] eae eA o=m sneer: Re Roe a hg ne ai Sy “ate roti eat Te So = | een Boake Jrue-samse 0 ja) A9.8 Probability Charts | iribtin tancton peu a a sgh whe ptt on palit hat etapa ts fry Te wea aby chars snl he mae and ‘Senn of dts prof le mee ee opera i Ie {eating be baring Weta nl naman: e gen (econ AFL ere ato te Weal phy cha. {4981 LoymormalProbaitty Chart ‘Teta sn (46100) tage M00 a tonciafle TF ege f Fa ee nero spear a eg ie nthe et fF. A. (hin. Fo erases a om A og it‘A982 Welbol Probability Chart ee en {Sight in on he hf Fig A92 (hia so Appendix AL fr 2 ‘henna, need, Bappemsn ele tab ‘envy one eae ee Pps. AB2, 71248713). Lem ea : $8 Sessso50 23 255882 F 1 Tate " A983 Norm Probabitty Chart “Te satin ston 5g 6.105) spar pt ine nthe tai. ote e EEEGESE aS ore A92. Namal yotety dt a)Acronyms ‘ean Stent Co le 81500 bene ae cc uy et a Ling NAA Sees Sane eo comisiyaetememcsst SEN mtorr rome $B Quay sme ue en Cee Gey SSS aioe Sram nem es Sache SSO bane rome NT ae ian Sioa Sitar teeta na ey wc tee NPR SES CHAO Steam botanni Vons DF Soeiecegenat oer SPEEA oan References rho) 1 Basie Concepts, Hoke Devdupmen, Quality and Relay Assurance "is ee one Se ay oc i Som lg sect ct ep hes eee on Bebo tet eee emo eee TEER, Spt ut Ante IE Rel Sa EEE Trt, 10 ‘Eesti Pregnant BES eee crie ake gmat tap ie Wt nar Qoirny ed 9 mea SE eee ee Se ee err ia erom etre 2 Relaby Anata ay Tai 1 Sp tn ti ct - ———™rtéi“

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