AIR COOLED

CONDENSERS
A POST LABORATORY
REPORT
HEAT TRANSFER
REVIEW
COND
UCTI
ON
CONV
ECTI
ON
RADI
ATIO
N
AIR
COOLE
D
CONDE
NSERS
VAP
OU
R
WA
TE
R
CO
OLA
NT
DIS
TILL
ED
HEAT
EXCHAN
GERS
=
COND
ENSATI
ON
LATENT
HEAT
ABSORPTIO
N
CONDE
NSATIO
N
FIL
MWI
SE
TYP
ES
of
C O N D E N S A T
E
HE
AT
HE
AT
HE
AT
HE
AT
HE
AT
HE
AT
CONDE
NSATIO
N
DRO
PWI
SE
TYPE
S
OF
COND
ENSE
RS
DIRECT
CONTA
CT
SURFA
CE
AIR
COOLE
D
CONDE
NSERS
W
HY
U
S
E
?
MORE
AVAILABL
E
CHEA
P
LESS
HAZARDO
US
ECONO
MICAL
PARTS
FA
N
TUBE
EQUAT
IONS
CONDEN
SER
PERFOR
MANCE
lm c
c
c
T A
Q
U
A
=
HEAT
INVOLV
ED
11.5784
9 ft
2
Angeles
(1999)
LOG MEAN
TEMPERATU
RE
DIFFERENC
E
1
2
1 2
ln
T
T
T T
T
lm
A
A
A A
= A
lat sens c
Q Q Q + =
cond c lat
m Q =
) (
cond sat p c sens
T T C m Q
c
=
HEAT
INVOLV
ED
o
f
o p
o
p m p
p o
i i p
o
h
a
a
h
k a
x a
h a
a 1 1
1
U
,
, ,
o
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
+

+ +
=

EXPERIMENT
AL HEAT
TRANSFER
COEFFICIENT
THREKELD
EQUATION
( )
e
e
h
mh tanh
=
FIN
EFFICIE
NCY
fins fins
o
t k
h
m
2
=
o
a
o
d
k N N
h
375 . 0
3 / 1
Pr
625 . 0
Re
45 . 0
o
=
(

=
) (
) (
13 . 1
3
CW sat l
v v l l l
i
T T L
g k
h

AIR SIDE HEAT TRANSFER
COEFFICIENT
CONDENSATE SIDE HEAT
TRANSFER COEFFICIENT
) ( 75 . 0
cw sat sat film
T T T T =
BOILER
PERFOR
MANCE
) (
sat flame B
b
b
T T A
Q
U

=
HEAT
INVOLV
ED
18.5 in
2
Famularcano
(2002)
3860
o
F
Lansigan
(1993)
) (
fed sat p s
vap s b
T T C m
m Q
f

+ =
RESEARCH
and
DEVELOPME
NT
THE EFFECT OF
SCREENS ON
AIR-
COOLED
STEAM
CONDENSER
PERFORMANCE
UNDER WINDY
CONDITIONS
OWEN & KROGER
(2010)
OBJEC
TIVES
to determine the
effect of varying fan
velocity on the
actual heat transfer
coefficient and
condensate yield.
to be familiarized
with the operation
of a gas-fired
distilling apparatus
with boiler and air-
cooled condenser
to calculate and
compare the actual
overall heat transfer
coefficients of the
boiler and the
condenser with their
design or theoretical
value
to compare the
actual distilled
water yield with
the design yield
for the equipment
METHODOL
OGY
MATE
RIALS
1-L Graduated
Cylinder
Stopw
atch
Thermo
meter
Anemom
eter
Gas burner
set-up
Electric
Fan
Catch
Basin
Boil
er
Air-cooled
Condenser
LPG
Tank
Gas
hose
Regul
ator
METH
ODS
EQUIPMENT
CHECK
II
FILL BOILER
WITH WATER
1 III
RELEASE
NON-
CONDENSAB
LE GASES
IV
CLOSE VENT
AT FIRST
SIGHT OF
STEAM
V
TURN ON
FAN
VI
MEASURE
AIR
VELOCITY
VII
MEASURE
CONDENSAT
E VOLUME
VIII
MEASURE AIR
and WATER
TEMPERATURE
S (IN&OUT)
IX
REPEAT FOR
2 TRIALS and
ANOTHER
SETTING
RESULTS
and
DISCUS
SION
Fan
Setting
Trial
Actual U
b
,
W/m
2
K
Design U
b
,
W/m
2
K
%Error
#1
(4.78
m/s)
1
0.3218
6.5865
95.11
2
0.2219
96.63
#3
(6.05
m/s)
1
0.3835
94.18
2
0.3433
94.79
BOILER
PERFORMACE
Fan
Setting
Trial
Actual U
c
,
W/m
2
K
Theoretical
U
c
, W/m
2
K
%Error
#1 (4.78
m/s)
1
9.6949 52.1948 81.43
2
6.2679 52.1944 87.99
#3 (6.05
m/s)
1
12.9253 58.8960 78.05
2
11.5656 58.8916 80.36
ACC
PERFORMACE
y = 3.3575x - 8.0675
R = 0.7279
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.7 5.9 6.1 6.3
A
c
t
u
a
l

o
v
e
r
a
l
l

h
e
a
t

t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r

c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
,

W
/
m
2
K

Air velocity, m/s
EFFECT OF AIR
VELOCITY
ON U
o
y = 1.5105x - 1.4904
R = 0.5881
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.7 5.9 6.1 6.3
H
e
a
t

r
e
l
e
a
s
e
d
,

k
J
/
m
i
n

Air velocity, m/s
EFFECT OF AIR
VELOCITY
ON HEAT
RELEASED

AIR
VELOCITY
EFFECTIVE
COLLISION
COOLING AIR
PARTICLES
FINNED TUBE
SURFACES
HEAT
TRANSFER
Fan
Setting
Average N
Re
Average h
i
,
W/m
2
K
Average h
o
,
W/m
2
K
#1 (4.78
m/s)
4702.44
7815.4826 62.9745
#3 (6.05
m/s)
5919.28
7848.8412 72.8813
%Differen
ce
22.91
0.43 14.58
INDIVIDUAL HEAT
TRANSFER
COEFFICIENTS
AIR
VELOCITY
HEAT
TRANSFER
PROCESS:
AIR-SIDE
CONTROLLED
REYNOLDS
NUMBER
TURBULENC
E
HEAT
TRANSFER
RATE
Fan
Setting
Trial
Theoretical
Condensate
Yield
Actual
Condensate
Yield
Design
Condensat
e Yield
%Error
kg/hr kg/hr L/hr L/hr
#1
(4.78
m/s)
1
7.6950
0.159
6
0.160
3
3.7853
95.77
2
7.0377
0.110
0
0.110
5
97.08
#3
(6.05
m/s)
1
14.2240
0.190
1
0.191
0
94.95
2
10.0735
0.170
2
0.171
0
95.48
CONDENSATE YIELDS
y = 0.6003x - 0.6153
R = 0.5915
1.50
1.70
1.90
2.10
2.30
2.50
2.70
2.90
3.10
3.30
4.50 4.70 4.90 5.10 5.30 5.50 5.70 5.90 6.10 6.30
C
o
n
d
e
n
s
a
t
e

y
i
e
l
d
,

m
L
/
m
i
n

Air velocity, m/s
EFFECT OF AIR
VELOCITY
ON
CONDENSATE
YIELD
AIR
VELOCITY
AMOUN
T OF

AMOUN
T OF
CONDENS
ATE
COOLANT
%Error
81.43
87.99
78.05
80.36
%Error
95.11
96.63
94.18
94.79
BOI
LER
ACC
WH
Y?
LOSS OF
CONDENSA
TE
TUBE
LEAKS
ESCAPE AS
STEAM
%Error
95.77
97.08
94.95
95.48
CONDE
NSATE
SCALING
AND
FOULING
TEMPERATU
RE
READINGS
ASSUMPTIO
NS
SUMMARY
&
CONCLUSI
ON
RECOMMEND
ATION
INTERNAL
CLEANING
NEW
TEMPERAT
URE
GAUGE
LARGER
CONDENSAT
E CONTAINER
NEW FAN
UNIT
REFERENC
ES
FAMULARCANO, J. R. (2002). Performance
evaluation of a modified boiler for a gas-fired
distilling apparatus with an air-cooled steel
condenser. Undergraduate Thesis, CEAT,
UPLB.
GEANKOPLIS, C.J. (1993). Transport processes
and unit operations (3
rd
ed.). Singapore: Prentice
Hall.
MCCABE, W.L., SMITH, J.C. & HARRIOTT, P.
(1993). Unit operations of chemical engineering
(5
th
ed.). Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
OWEN, M.T.F. & KROGER, D.G. (2010). The effect
of screens on air-cooled steam condenser
performance under windy conditions. Applied
thermal engineering, 30, 2610-2615.
PERRY, R. H., & D. W. GREEN. (1997). Perrys
chemical engineers handbook (7
th
ed.). New
York: McGraw-Hill.
TOWLER, G. & SINNOTT, R. (2008). Chemical
engineering design. Massachusetts: Elsevier.