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This document contains the results of using numerical integration techniques to approximate definite integrals. It shows: 1) The approximations obtained from using increasing numbers of intervals in the Riemann sum approach, demonstrating convergence to the true value as the number of intervals increases. 2) The approximations and errors obtained from using Taylor polynomials of increasing degrees to approximate trigonometric functions over an interval. The results again show decreasing error as the degree increases. 3) Plots comparing the analytic function, Taylor approximations of degrees 1, 3, and 5, and their corresponding errors, verifying that error decreases with higher degrees.

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21 views3 pages

While

This document contains the results of using numerical integration techniques to approximate definite integrals. It shows: 1) The approximations obtained from using increasing numbers of intervals in the Riemann sum approach, demonstrating convergence to the true value as the number of intervals increases. 2) The approximations and errors obtained from using Taylor polynomials of increasing degrees to approximate trigonometric functions over an interval. The results again show decreasing error as the degree increases. 3) Plots comparing the analytic function, Taylor approximations of degrees 1, 3, and 5, and their corresponding errors, verifying that error decreases with higher degrees.

Uploaded by

jjhong83
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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5. Solution.

b)
clear; close;
format long
N=2;err=1;
x0=0;x1=2/pi;s1=100;
f=@(x) x.^2.*sin(1./x);
disp('Step approximation')
while err>=10^(-3)/2
h=(x1-x0)/N;
s=0*h/2;
for i=1:N-1
s=s+h*f(x0+h*i);
end
s=s+f(x1)*h/2;
err=abs(s1-s);
s1=s;
disp([N, s])
N=N*2;
end

Result:

Step approximation

2.000000000000000 0.064503068866399

4.000000000000000 0.063673513579651

8.000000000000000 0.059387564754992

16.000000000000000 0.058902335031313

c)
clear; close;
format long
N=2;err=1;
x0=0;x1=1; s1=111;
f=@(x) 3*cos(x.^3);
disp('Step approximation')
while err>=10^(-8)/2
h=(x1-x0)/N;
s=f(x0)*h/2;
for i=1:N-1
s=s+h*f(x0+h*i);
end
s=s+f(x1)*h/2;
err=abs(s1-s)/3;
s1=s;
disp([N, s])
N=N*2;
end

Step approximation

2.000000000000000 2.643523230245098

4.000000000000000 2.755912152904892

8.000000000000000 2.785264907428469

16.000000000000000 2.792648819817276

32.000000000000000 2.794497055948642

64.000000000000000 2.794959246696237

1.0e+002 *

1.280000000000000 0.027950748024685

1.0e+002 *

2.560000000000000 0.027951036919146

1.0e+002 *

5.120000000000000 0.027951109143075

1.0e+003 *

1.024000000000000 0.002795112719908

1.0e+003 *

2.048000000000000 0.002795113171308

1.0e+003 *

4.096000000000000 0.002795113284158
1.0e+003 *

8.192000000000000 0.002795113312370

1.0e+004 *

1.638400000000000 0.000279511331942

6. Solution.
First we plot the graph of f, p_1(x), p_3(x) and p_5(x).

close;clear;
x0=-1;x1=1; x=x0:0.001:x1;
f=@(x) sin(pi/2*x);
p5= @(x) pi* x/2 - (pi^3* x.^3)/48 + (pi^5 *x.^5)/3840;
p3=@(x) pi* x/2 - (pi^3* x.^3)/48;
p1=@(x) pi* x/2;
plot(x,p5(x),'--')
hold on
plot(x,p3(x),'-.')
hold on
plot(x,p1(x),':')
hold on
plot(x,f(x))
legend('n=5','n=3','n=1','analytic')

The result is shown on the first graph.

And also we plot the error of p_1(x), p_3(x) and p_5(x) with respect to f.

close;clear;
x0=-1;x1=1; x=x0:0.001:x1;
f=@(x) sin(pi/2*x);
p5= @(x) pi* x/2 - (pi^3* x.^3)/48 + (pi^5 *x.^5)/3840;
p3=@(x) pi* x/2 - (pi^3* x.^3)/48;
p1=@(x) pi* x/2;
plot(x,abs(f(x)-p5(x)),'--')
hold on
plot(x,abs(f(x)-p3(x)),'-.')
hold on
plot(x,abs(f(x)-p1(x)))
legend('n=5','n=3','n=1');

The result is shown on the second graph.

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