Scribd
Upload
738 views2 pages

Dual Input, Balanced Output Difference Amplifier

This document discusses the operational principles of a dual input, balanced output differential amplifier. It describes how the circuit works, using two transistors with inputs to their bases and outputs taken from their collectors. An AC equivalent circuit is drawn using r-parameters to analyze the voltage gain and input resistance. It shows that the amplifier outputs the difference between the two input voltages, with the voltage gain given by the expression Ad = -RC/re.

Uploaded by

Ramakrishna Vadlamudi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
738 views2 pages

Dual Input, Balanced Output Difference Amplifier

This document discusses the operational principles of a dual input, balanced output differential amplifier. It describes how the circuit works, using two transistors with inputs to their bases and outputs taken from their collectors. An AC equivalent circuit is drawn using r-parameters to analyze the voltage gain and input resistance. It shows that the amplifier outputs the difference between the two input voltages, with the voltage gain given by the expression Ad = -RC/re.

Uploaded by

Ramakrishna Vadlamudi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Lecture - 2: Operational Amplifiers

Dual Input, Balanced Output Difference Amplifier:


The circuit is shown in fig. 1 v
1
and v
2
are the two inputs, applied to the bases of Q
1
and Q
2
transistors. The output voltage
is measured between the two collectors C
1
and C
2
, which are at same dc potentials.
Fig. 1
A.C. Analysis :
In previous lecture dc analysis has been done to obtain the operatiing point of the two transistors.
To find the voltage gain A
d
and the input resistance R
i
of the differential amplifier, the ac equivalent circuit is drawn using r-
parameters as shown in fig. 2. The dc voltages are reduced to zero and the ac equivalent of CE configuration is used.
Fig. 2
Since the two dc emitter currents are equal. Therefore, resistance r'
e1
and r'
e2
are also equal and designated by r'
e
. This
voltage across each collector resistance is shown 180 out of phase with respect to the input voltages v
1
and v
2
. This is
same as in CE configuration. The polarity of the output voltage is shown in Figure. The collector C
2
is assumed to be more
positive with respect to collector C
1
even though both are negative with respect to to ground.
Applying KVL in two loops 1 & 2.
Substituting current relations,
Again, assuming R
S1
/ b and R
S2
/ b are very small in comparison with R
E
and r
e
' and therefore neglecting these terms,
Solving these two equations, i
e1
and i
e2
can be calculated.
The output voltage V
O
is given by
V
O
= V
C2
- V
C1
= -R
C
i
C2
- (-R
C
i
C1
)
= R
C
(i
C1
- i
C2
)
= R
C
(i
e1
- i
e2
)
Substituting i
e1
, & i
e2
in the above expression
Thus a differential amplifier amplifies the difference between two input signals. Defining the difference of input signals as
v
d
= v
1
v
2
the voltage gain of the dual input balanced output differential amplifier can be given by
(E-2)
GOTO >> 1 || 2 || 3 || Home

You might also like