The themes are tools you

can use to organize

information and to answer
the where, why, and how of
geography.
Where is it?
Absolute location
22 South Lake Street
40 N and 80 W
Relative location
Telling where one place is by referring to another
place
Between school & the mall
8 miles east of Pleasant City
Areas that share at least one common feature
Many different types of regions
Political Regions
Countries, states, and cities
Culture
Climate
A place can be found in more than one region
Hawaii is in the political region of the United States and
is also part of a tropical climate region
Natural & human features that make one place
different from every other place
Sort of a geographic signature
Natural features
Landforms
Climate
Plants
Animals
People
Language
Culture
Human features
Buildings

How do people, goods, and ideas move from
place to place?
What happens in one place often affects what
happens in another
Movement from one location to another of:
Goods
People
Ideas
Human-Environment interaction
Relationship that people have on the environment
As people live in an area, they make changes to it
mostly to make their life easier
Dams to control flooding
Environment-Human interaction
The environment can affect how people live
Work
Dress
Travel
communicate
FIVE THEMES
OF
GEOGRAPHY
Graphic Web
Video
A globe is a scale model of Earth
and shows the actual shapes,
sizes, and locations of all Earths
landmasses and bodies of water.
Parallels of Latitude
Imaginary horizontal lines
Equator located halfway between the North &
South Poles at 0 ; divides the Earth into the
Southern and Northern Hemispheres
Parallels of Latitude are measured in degrees ( )
North Pole is located at 90 N of the Equator
South Pole is located at 90 S of the Equator
Meridians of Longitude
Imaginary vertical lines measured in degrees
Prime Meridian runs from pole to pole through
Greenwich, England
The Prime Meridian marks 0 Longitude & divides
the globe into the Easter and Western
Hemispheres
Tropic of Cancer is located at 23 N
Tropic of Capricorn is located at 23 S
Because the Earth is tilted 23.5 as it revolves
around the sun these imaginary lines mark
the boundaries that receive the most direct
sunlight on Earth
Maps are drawings that show regions on flat surfaces.
Since the Earth is curved, flat maps must shrink or
stretch places. To make up for this distortion,
mapmakers use different map projections. No one
projection can accurately show the correct area,
shape, distance, and direction of all of Earths surface.
Mapmakers use the projection that has the least
distortion for the information they are presenting.
Pros
Accurately shows shapes of land masses
Cons
Distorts the size of landmasses as well as the
distances between them
When flattening a globe it creates a string of
shapes called gores
Pros
Accurately shows shape and true direction
Ship navigators use it to chart a straight-line
course between two ports
Cons
Distorts distance and size
Pros
Shows correct size of landmasses
Cons
Distorts shapes
Distortion is usually greater at the edges

Pros
Useful overall picture
Keeps sizes and shape relations of most
continents and oceans
Cons
Distorts size of polar regions
All maps have clues that help you
understand the information on a map.
Sometimes maps provide different
clues, depending on their purpose or
scale. However, most maps have
several clues in common.
Compass Rose displays directions N, S, E, and
W (Cardinal Points) and NE, NW, SE, SW
(Intermediate Points)
Key Shows symbols and colors used on a map
and what they represent
Scale Bar helps you find the actual distance
between points
Maps of Different Scales drawings of large
areas have a smaller scale (less detailed); maps
showing small areas have a large scale (more
detailed)
Political Map
Show political borders continents, countries, and divisions
within countries like states or provinces
Includes symbols & labels for capitals, cities and towns
Physical Map
Represent what a region looks like by showing major physical
features such as plains, hills, and also shows a regions elevation
(height of land above sea level) and relief (how sharply the land
rises or falls)
Special-Purpose Map: Climate
Boundaries are not exact divisions but show areas of climate that
can overlap or gradually change
Special-Purpose Map: Language
Shows official language or languages of an area, refer the map
key for a guide
I. Human Migration
a.) As people move, they both shape and are shaped
by their environments
II. Migration to Americas, 1500 1800
a.) Began in the 1500s
b.) European explores to the Americas
c.) European settlements in the Americas
d.) Forced migration from Africa with the Slave Trade
III.Push Factors
a.) Things in peoples lives that push them to leave
b.) EX- Poverty and political unrest
IV.Pull Factors
a.) Things in a country that pull people to move there
b.) EX- Better jobs & better living conditions
People around the world have many
different economic structures, or ways of
making a living. Land-Use Maps show
these structures. The way that people use
the land in each region tell us about the
main ways that people in that region make
a living.