The document summarizes the structures and functions of cell organelles. It describes that organelles are specialized structures that perform important cellular functions. It then provides details about the nucleus, which controls most cell processes and contains DNA. It also describes ribosomes, which produce proteins; the endoplasmic reticulum, which modifies proteins and makes cell membranes; the Golgi apparatus, which modifies proteins; lysosomes, which break down biomolecules; vacuoles, which store substances; chloroplasts, which perform photosynthesis in plants; and mitochondria, which generate energy.
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Cell Structures and Functions 02
The document summarizes the structures and functions of cell organelles. It describes that organelles are specialized structures that perform important cellular functions. It then provides details about the nucleus, which controls most cell processes and contains DNA. It also describes ribosomes, which produce proteins; the endoplasmic reticulum, which modifies proteins and makes cell membranes; the Golgi apparatus, which modifies proteins; lysosomes, which break down biomolecules; vacuoles, which store substances; chloroplasts, which perform photosynthesis in plants; and mitochondria, which generate energy.
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THE CELLS ORGANELLES
Aim: What are the structures and functions of the
cells organelles? ORGANELLES Specialized structures that perform important cellular functions little organs NUCLEUS NUCLEUS FUNCTION Controls most cell processes Contains genetic information of DNA NUCLEUS STRUCTURE Within the nucleus is chromatin (strands of DNA) When condensed chromosomes Dense region inside = Nucleolus Double membrane around nucleus=Nuclear membrane
RIBOSOMES Make proteins Produce proteins according to Nucleus orders ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Internal membrane Makes cell membrane; modifies protein ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Makes/modifies proteins Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum makes cell membrane
GOLGI APPARATUS GOLGI APPARATUS Modifies proteins; attaches carbs, lipids to proteins Sent to final destination after Golgi LYSOSOMES LYSOSOMES Filled with enzymes Break down lipids, carbs, and proteins Can use product for rest of cell VACUOLES VACUOLE Store water, salts, proteins, and carbs Plant cells have central vacuole Pressure from water keep sit rigid; animal cells have it too
CHLOROPLASTS (NOTE: CONTAIN OWN DNA) CHLOROPLASTS (NOTE: CONTAIN OWN DNA) Use energy from sunlight to make food molecules The sites of photosynthesis; only in PLANTS MITOCHONDRIA (CONTAIN OWN DNA) MITOCHONDRIA (NOTE: CONTAIN OWN DNA) Release energy from stored food molecules Use energy for growth, development, movement THINK OF THE CELLS AS A FACTORY QUESTION Which structure includes all of the others? nucleolus nucleus chromosomes genes
QUESTION Which diagram represents an organelle that contains the enzymes needed to synthesize ATP in the presence of oxygen?
Which structure is responsible for making the energy the cell can use?