Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) is the field that

studies the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions and

the design of the reactors in which they take place.

TODAYS LECTURE

Introduction

Definitions
General Mole Balance Equation

Batch
CSTR
PFR
PBR



Chemical Reaction Engineering
Chemical reaction engineering is at the heart of virtually
every chemical process. It separates the chemical engineer
from other engineers.

Industries that Draw Heavily on Chemical Reaction
Engineering (CRE) are:

CPI (Chemical Process Industries)
Dow, DuPont, Amoco, Chevron



Materials on the Web and CDROM
http://www.engin.umich.edu/~cre/
Developing Critical Thinking Skills
Socratic Questioning
is the
Heart of Critical Thinking

R. W. Pauls Nine Types of Socratic
Questions
Lets Begin CRE
Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) is
the field that studies the rates and
mechanisms of chemical reactions and the
design of the reactors in which they take
place.


A chemical species is said to have reacted
when it has lost its chemical identity.

Chemical Identity
A chemical species is said to have reacted
when it has lost its chemical identity.

The identity of a chemical species is
determined by the kind, number, and
configuration of that species atoms.
Chemical Identity
A chemical species is said to have reacted
when it has lost its chemical identity.
1. Decomposition
Chemical Identity
A chemical species is said to have reacted
when it has lost its chemical identity.

1. Decomposition
2. Combination
Chemical Identity
A chemical species is said to have reacted
when it has lost its chemical identity.

1. Decomposition
2. Combination
3. Isomerization
Chemical Identity
The reaction rate is the rate at which a
species looses its chemical identity per unit
volume.

Reaction Rate
The reaction rate is the rate at which a
species looses its chemical identity per unit
volume.
The rate of a reaction (mol/dm
3
/s) can be
expressed as either

the rate of Disappearance: -r
A

or as
the rate of Formation (Generation): r
A


Reaction Rate
Reaction Rate
Consider the isomerization AB
r
A
= the rate of formation of species A per unit volume
-r
A
= the rate of a disappearance of species A per unit volume
r
B
= the rate of formation of species B per unit volume
Reaction Rate
EXAMPLE: AB
If Species B is being formed at a rate of
0.2 moles per decimeter cubed per second, ie,

r
B
= 0.2 mole/dm
3
/s




Reaction Rate
EXAMPLE: AB

r
B
= 0.2 mole/dm
3
/s

Then A is disappearing at the same rate:

-r
A
= 0.2 mole/dm
3
/s




Reaction Rate
EXAMPLE: AB
r
B
= 0.2 mole/dm
3
/s

Then A is disappearing at the same rate:
-r
A
= 0.2 mole/dm
3
/s

The rate of formation (generation of A) is
r
A
= -0.2 mole/dm
3
/s

Reaction Rate
For a catalytic reaction, we refer to -r
A
',
which is the rate of disappearance of
species A on a per mass of catalyst basis.
(mol/gcat/s)

NOTE: dC
A
/dt is not the rate of reaction
Reaction Rate
Consider species j:
r
j
is the rate of formation of species j per
unit volume [e.g. mol/dm
3
/s]


Reaction Rate
r
j
is the rate of formation of species j per
unit volume [e.g. mol/dm
3
*s]

r
j
is a function of concentration,
temperature, pressure, and the type of
catalyst (if any)

Reaction Rate
r
j
is the rate of formation of species j per unit
volume [e.g. mol/dm
3
/s]
r
j
is a function of concentration, temperature,
pressure, and the type of catalyst (if any)

r
j
is independent of the type of reaction system
(batch reactor, plug flow reactor, etc.)

Reaction Rate
r
j
is the rate of formation of species j per
unit volume [e.g. mol/dm
3
/s]
r
j
is a function of concentration,
temperature, pressure, and the type of
catalyst (if any)
r
j
is independent of the type of reaction
system (batch, plug flow, etc.)

r
j
is an algebraic equation, not a
differential equation


General Mole Balance
General Mole Balance
Batch Reactor Mole Balance
CSTR
Mole Balance
Plug Flow Reactor
Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
The integral form is:

V
dF
A
r
A
F
A0
F
A

This is the volume necessary to reduce the entering molar flow rate (mol/s) from F
A0
to the
exit molar flow rate of F
A
.
Packed Bed Reactor
Mole Balance
PBR
The integral form to find the catalyst weight is:

W
dF
A

r
A
F
A0
F
A

F
A0
F
A


r
A
dW
dN
A
dt

Reactor Mole Balance Summary

Fast Forward to the Future
Thursday March 20
th
, 2008

Reactors with Heat Effects
Production of Propylene Glycol in an Adiabatic
CSTR
What are the exit conversion X and exit temperature T?
Solution
Let the reaction be represented by

KEEPING UP
Separations
These topics do not build upon one another
Filtration Distillation Adsorption
Reaction Engineering
These topics build upon one another

Mole Balance
Rate Laws
Stoichiometry
Mole Balance
Rate Laws
Stoichiometry
Isothermal Design
Heat Effects
Mole Balance
Rate Laws
Mole Balance
Rate Laws
Stoichiometry
Isothermal Design
Heat Effects


Batch Reactor Mole Balance
Batch Reactor Mole Balance
Batch Reactor Mole Balance
Batch Reactor Mole Balance
Batch Reactor Mole Balance
Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor
Mole Balance
Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor
Mole Balance
Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor
Mole Balance
C S T R
Mole Balance
CSTR
Mole Balance
Plug Flow Reactor
Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
The integral form is:

V
dF
A
r
A
F
A0
F
A

Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance

PFR:
The integral form is:

V
dF
A
r
A
F
A0
F
A

This is the volume necessary to reduce the entering molar flow rate (mol/s) from F
A0
to the
exit molar flow rate of F
A
.
Packed Bed Reactor Mole
Balance
PBR
Packed Bed Reactor Mole
Balance
PBR

F
A0
F
A


r
A
dW
dN
A
dt

Packed Bed Reactor Mole

Balance
PBR

F
A0
F
A


r
A
dW
dN
A
dt

Packed Bed Reactor Mole

Balance
PBR

F
A0
F
A


r
A
dW
dN
A
dt

Packed Bed Reactor Mole

Balance
PBR
The integral form to find the catalyst weight is:

W
dF
A

r
A
F
A0
F
A

F
A0
F
A


r
A
dW
dN
A
dt

Reactor Mole Balance Summary

Reactor Mole Balance Summary
Reactor Mole Balance Summary
Reactor Mole Balance Summary

Chemical Reaction Engineering

Asynchronous Video Series
Chapter 1:
General Mole Balance Equation
Applied to
Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs,
and PBRs


H. Scott Fogler, Ph.D.
http://www.engin.umich.edu/~cre
Chemical Reaction Engineering
Chemical reaction engineering is at the heart of virtually
every chemical process. It separates the chemical engineer
from other engineers.

Industries that Draw Heavily on Chemical Reaction
Engineering (CRE) are:

CPI (Chemical Process Industries)
Dow, DuPont, Amoco, Chevron

Pharmaceutical Antivenom, Drug Delivery

Medicine Tissue Engineering, Drinking and Driving



Compartments for perfusion
Perfusion interactions between
compartments are shown by arrows.

V
G
, V
L
, V
C
, and V
M
are -tissue water
volumes for the gastrointestinal,
liver, central and muscle
compartments, respectively.

V
S
is the stomach contents volume.
Stomach
V
G
= 2.4 l
Gastrointestinal
V
G
= 2.4 l
t
G
= 2.67 min
Liver
Alcohol
V
L
= 2.4 l
t
L
= 2.4 min
Central
V
C
= 15.3 l
t
C
= 0.9 min
Muscle & Fat
V
M
= 22.0 l
t
M
= 27 min
Chemical Reaction Engineering
Chemical reaction engineering is at the heart of virtually
every chemical process. It separates the chemical engineer
from other engineers.

Industries that Draw Heavily on Chemical Reaction
Engineering (CRE) are:

CPI (Chemical Process Industries)
Dow, DuPont, Amoco, Chevron

Pharmaceutical Antivenom, Drug Delivery

Medicine Pharmacokinetics, Drinking and Driving

Microelectronics CVD



Reaction Rate
Consider the isomerization AB
r
A
= the rate of formation of species A per unit volume
Reaction Rate
Consider the isomerization AB
r
A
= the rate of formation of species A per unit volume
-r
A
= the rate of a disappearance of species A per unit volume
Reactor Mole Balance Summary