Author: Chris Bires, revised 3/2012 Simulations at http://phet.colorado.

edu/ Name: ________________________

Concentration and Molarity II: Dilution and Evaporation PhET-Chemistry Labs
Introduction: In the first part of this lab, you learned about the actions of solid salts added to water
to form solutions of various concentrations. In this exercise, you will use a powerful and simple
formula to determine the concentration of a solution when it has been diluted with additional water
or made more concentrated due to evaporation of water.
Some handy vocabulary for you to define:
Molarity _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Dilution _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Evaporaton_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Procedure: PhETPlay with the Sims Chemistry Concentration
Part 1: Dilution
At this point you should be familiar with the Concentration simulation. Because some time may have passed, take a few
minutes to re-learn the simulations. Pay particular attention to the effect of evaporation and addition of water to the
solutions concentration
How does the concentration change as additional water is added? _______________________________________
Why? ________________________________________________________________________________________
How does the concentration change as evaporation occurs? ____________________________________
Why is this? ____________________________________________________________________________________________
Does evaporation change the concentration of a saturated solution? ______________________________________________
Why is this? ____________________________________________________________________________________________
Using the concentrated solution spigot, add a Liter of Drink Mix to an empty beaker. What is the concentration?
________________ Is this solution saturated? ____________ How do you know? ___________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Fill the beaker with another Liter of water. What is the new concentration? _______________________________
Complete the table below, using in an empty beaker, writing the concentration in the boxes provided.
Only .25L of spigot solution .25L spigot+.25L water .25L spigot + .50 L water .25L spigot + .75 L water

Repeat the exercise, using in an empty beaker.
Only .25L of spigot solution .25L spigot+.25L water .25L spigot + .50 L water .25L spigot + .75 L water

What do you notice about the concentration change as each addition of .25L of water is added to the concentrated spigot
solution? ______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
2 2 1 1
V M V M
Author: Chris Bires, revised 3/2012 Simulations at http://phet.colorado.edu/ Name: ________________________
The formula
2 2 1 1
V M V M
is a great way to calculate the concentration of a solution that undergoes dilution or
concentration.
1 1
V M
Refer to the concentration and volume of the original solution, and
2 2
V M
refer to that
solution after it has been diluted or concentrated.
0.20 L of has a concentration of 5.0 M. (M
1
= 5.0 M and V
1
= 0.20 L) If the solutions volume, V
2
is
increased with water to .50 L, calculate the new concentration, M
2
. Check your work in the sim AFTER your calculation.
Your Calculated M2: _______________________ . New concentration shown in the simulation: ________________________
Complete the table below using . Remember to calculate first, and then check in the sim.
M
1
V
1
M
2
V
2

.40 M .20 L .80 L
.40 M .50 L .90 L
.40 M .30 L .15 M
Part 2: Evaporation: Making Solutions MORE concentrated
2 2 1 1
V M solute moles V M


Create a solution of with a concentration 1.0 M of and a volume of .50 L . If evaporation reduces the
volume to .40 L without changing the dissolved solute, calculate the new concentration of the solution. Check your work in
the sim AFTER your calculation.
Your Calculated M2: _______________________ . New concentration shown in the simulation: ________________________
Complete the table below using . Remember to calculate first, and then check in the sim.
M
1
V
1
M
2
V
2

.40 M .80 L .40 L
.40 M .90 L .25 L
.40 M .90 L 1.1 M
Conclusion Questions and Calculations SHOW WORK
1. Dilution causes the concentration of an unsaturated solution to increases / decreases / remains the same.
2. Evaporation causes the concentration of an unsaturated solution to increases / decreases / remains the same.
3. As a saturated solution (with no solids) is diluted, its concentration increases / decreases / remains the same.
4. As a saturated solution (with no solids) is evaporated, its concentration increases / decreases / remains the same.
5. 1.8 L of a 2.4 M solution of NiCl
2
is diluted to 4.5 L. What is the resulting concentration of the diluted solution?



6. .60 L of a .95 M solution of NaCl is allowed to evaporate until it has a volume of .25 L. What is the concentration of
the new solution?



7. 350 mL of a 1.0 M CuSO
4
solution is left on the counter and allowed to evaporate. CuSO
4
s saturation solubility point
is 1.4 M. At what volume will the solution begin to show solid crystals?



8. 3.4 moles of solid CuSO4 is added to 1.8 L of water and allowed to dissolve. Will all the solid dissolve? _________ If
so, how much water was needed? If not, how much more water is needed to allow all the solid to dissolve?