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Inter Leaving

Interleaving is a technique used in digital communication and storage systems to improve error correction by distributing errors more uniformly across code words. It works by shuffling source symbols between multiple code words, preventing bursts of errors from exceeding error correction limits. Interleaving is widely used for burst error correction and with modern codes like turbo codes and LDPC codes that assume independent error distribution. For turbo codes specifically, the interleaver design is crucial to performance, avoiding short cycles in the decoder graph. Common interleaver designs include rectangular, convolutional, random, and S-random permutations.

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49 views1 page

Inter Leaving

Interleaving is a technique used in digital communication and storage systems to improve error correction by distributing errors more uniformly across code words. It works by shuffling source symbols between multiple code words, preventing bursts of errors from exceeding error correction limits. Interleaving is widely used for burst error correction and with modern codes like turbo codes and LDPC codes that assume independent error distribution. For turbo codes specifically, the interleaver design is crucial to performance, avoiding short cycles in the decoder graph. Common interleaver designs include rectangular, convolutional, random, and S-random permutations.

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Interleaving

Interleaving is frequently used in digital communication and storage systems to improve the
performance of forward error correcting codes. Many communication channels are not memoryless:
errors typically occur in bursts rather than independently. If the number of errors within a code
word exceeds the error-correcting code's capability, it fails to recover the original code word.
Interleaving ameliorates this problem by shuffling source symbols across several code words,
thereby creating a more uniform distribution of errors. Therefore, interleaving is widely used for burst
error-correction.
The analysis of modern iterated codes, like turbo codes and LDPC codes, typically assumes an
independent distribution of errors. Systems using LDPC codes therefore typically employ additional
interleaving across the symbols within a code word.
For turbo codes, an interleaver is an integral component and its proper design is crucial for good
performance. The iterative decoding algorithm works best when there are not short cycles in
the factor graph that represents the decoder; the interleaver is chosen to avoid short cycles.
Interleaver designs include:
rectangular (or uniform) interleavers (similar to the method using skip factors described above)
convolutional interleavers
random interleavers (where the interleaver is a known random permutation)
S-random interleaver (where the interleaver is a known random permutation with the constraint
that no input symbols within distance S appear within a distance of S in the output).
Another possible construction is a contention-free quadratic permutation polynomial (QPP). It is
used for example in the 3GPP Long Term Evolution mobile telecommunication standard.
In multi-carrier communication systems, interleaving across carriers may be employed to provide
frequency diversity, e.g., to mitigate frequency-selective fading or narrowband interference.

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