Name: Naga Surya Sandeep Angara

Course: Computer Vision

Assignment-2
Date: 10/14/2014




































A) Edge detection using Roberts Mask:

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <math.h>

using namespace std;

int main(){

// varible initialization
int i, j, M,N, Q,iLow,iHigh;
unsigned char *charImage,* OutImage;
char header [100], *ptr;
ifstream ifp;
ofstream ofp;
bool type;
long int hist[256]={0},out[256]={0};
int val=0,val1=0,val2=0,val3=0,val4=0,val5=0,val6=0,val7=0,val8=0,val9=0,valx,valy,valn;
long int filter1[3][3] = {{0,0,0},
{0,1,0},
{0,0,-1}};
long int filter2[3][3] = {{0,0,0},
{0,+1,0},
{-1,0,0}};

// opening an input image
ifp.open("LENA.pgm", ios::in | ios::binary);
if (!ifp){
cout << "Can't read image: " << endl;
exit(1);
}

// read header
ifp.getline(header,100,'\n');
if ( (header[0] != 80) && (header[1] != 53) ){
cout << "Image " << ifp << " is not PGM or PPM" << endl;
exit(1);
}

ifp.getline(header,100,'\n');
while(header[0]=='#')
ifp.getline(header,100,'\n');

M=strtol(header,&ptr,0);
N=atoi(ptr);

ifp.getline(header,100,'\n');
Q=strtol(header,&ptr,0);

// printing the details of image
cout<<"\nNumber of rows:"<<M<<"\nNumber of columns:"<<N<<"\nMaximum pixel
value:"<<Q<<endl;
cout<<"\nReading pixel values";

// creating dynamic memory for the input image and output image
charImage = (unsigned char *) new unsigned char [M*N];
OutImage = (unsigned char *) new unsigned char [M*N];

// changing the 2-d values into vector format
ifp.read( reinterpret_cast<char *>(charImage), (M*N)*sizeof(unsigned char));
if (ifp.fail())
{
cout << "Image " << ifp << " has wrong size" << endl;
exit(1);
}

for(i=1;i<M;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<N;j++)
{
//calculating the pixels of output image
val1=(long int) charImage [(i-1)*M+(j-1)]; //0,1
val2=(long int) charImage [i*M+(j-1)]; //1,0
val3=(long int) charImage [(i+1)*M+(j-1)]; //2,1
val4=(long int) charImage [(i-1)*M+j]; //1,2
val5=(long int) charImage [(i)*M+j]; //0,1
val6=(long int) charImage [(i+1)*M+j]; //1,0
val7=(long int) charImage [(i-1)*M+(j+1)]; //2,1
val8=(long int) charImage [i*M+(j+1)]; //1,2
val9=(long int) charImage [(i+1)*M+(j+1)];

valx=fabs(val1*filter1[0][0]+val2*filter1[1][0]+val3*filter1[2][0]+val4*filter1[0][1]+val5*filter1[1][1]+
val6*filter1[2][1]+val7*filter1[0][2]+val8*filter1[1][2]+val9*filter1[2][2]);

valy=fabs(val1*filter2[0][0]+val2*filter2[1][0]+val3*filter2[2][0]+val4*filter2[0][1]+val5*filter2[1][1]+
val6*filter2[2][1]+val7*filter2[0][2]+val8*filter2[1][2]+val9*filter2[2][2]);

if(valx>valy)
val=valx;
else
val=valy;
OutImage[i*M+j]=(char) val;
}
}

ofp.open("roberts.pgm", ios::out | ios::binary);

if (!ofp){
cout << "Can't open file: " << ofp << endl;
exit(1);
}

// writing the header information into output file
ofp << "P5"<<"\r\n" ;
ofp << M << " " << N << endl<<"\r\n";
ofp << Q << "\r\n";
ofp.write( reinterpret_cast<char *>(OutImage), (M*N)*sizeof(unsigned char));

if (ofp.fail()){
cout << "Can't write image " << ofp << endl;
exit(0);
}

ofp.close();

// deleting the static memory created
delete [] charImage;
delete [] OutImage;

return (0);
ifp.close();
}

Console Output:


Number of rows:512
Number of columns:512
Maximum pixel value:255

Reading pixel values
--------------------------------
Process exited after 0.1429 seconds with return value 0
Press any key to continue . . .







Output:

Input Image Output Image



Output Image after thresholding with threshold value 15






B) Edge Detection using gradient Mask:
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <math.h>

using namespace std;

int main(){

// varible initialization
int i, j, M,N, Q,iLow,iHigh;
unsigned char *charImage,* OutImage;
char header [100], *ptr;
ifstream ifp;
ofstream ofp;
bool type;
long int hist[256]={0},out[256]={0};
int val1=0,val2=0,val3=0,valx,valy,val;
int filter[3][3] = {0,-1, 0, -1, 4, -1, 0, -1, 0};

// opening an input image
ifp.open("LENA.pgm", ios::in | ios::binary);
if (!ifp){
cout << "Can't read image: " << endl;
exit(1);
}

// read header
ifp.getline(header,100,'\n');
if ( (header[0] != 80) && (header[1] != 53) ){
cout << "Image " << ifp << " is not PGM or PPM" << endl;
exit(1);
}

ifp.getline(header,100,'\n');
while(header[0]=='#')
ifp.getline(header,100,'\n');

M=strtol(header,&ptr,0);
N=atoi(ptr);

ifp.getline(header,100,'\n');
Q=strtol(header,&ptr,0);

// printing the details of image
cout<<"\nNumber of rows:"<<M<<"\nNumber of columns:"<<N<<"\nMaximum pixel
value:"<<Q<<endl;
cout<<"\nReading pixel values";

// creating dynamic memory for the input image and output image
charImage = (unsigned char *) new unsigned char [M*N];
OutImage = (unsigned char *) new unsigned char [M*N];

// changing the 2-d values into vector format
ifp.read( reinterpret_cast<char *>(charImage), (M*N)*sizeof(unsigned char));
if (ifp.fail())
{
cout << "Image " << ifp << " has wrong size" << endl;
exit(1);
}

for(i=1;i<M;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<N;j++)
{
//calculating the pixels of output image
val1=(long int) charImage [(i-1)*M+j]; //0,1
val2=(long int) charImage [i*M+(j-1)]; //1,0
val3=(long int) charImage [i*M+j]; //1,1
valx=fabs(val3-val2);
valy=fabs(val3-val1);
if (valx>valy)
val=valx;
else
val=valy;
OutImage[i*M+j]=(char) val;
}
}

ofp.open("gradient.pgm", ios::out | ios::binary);

if (!ofp){
cout << "Can't open file: " << ofp << endl;
exit(1);
}

// writing the header information into output file
ofp << "P5"<<"\r\n" ;
ofp << M << " " << N << endl<<"\r\n";
ofp << Q << "\r\n";
ofp.write( reinterpret_cast<char *>(OutImage), (M*N)*sizeof(unsigned char));

if (ofp.fail()){
cout << "Can't write image " << ofp << endl;
exit(0);
}

ofp.close();

// deleting the static memory created
delete [] charImage;
delete [] OutImage;

return (0);
ifp.close();
}

Console Output:

Number of rows:512
Number of columns:512
Maximum pixel value:255

Reading pixel values
--------------------------------
Process exited after 0.04082 seconds with return value 0
Press any key to continue . . .

Output:

Input Image Output Image


Output Image after thresholding with threshold value 15

C) Edge Detection using Laplacian mask
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <math.h>

using namespace std;

int main(){

// varible initialization
int i, j, M,N, Q,iLow,iHigh;
unsigned char *charImage,* OutImage;
char header [100], *ptr;
ifstream ifp;
ofstream ofp;
bool type;
long int hist[256]={0},out[256]={0};
int val1=0,val2=0,val3=0,val4=0,val5=0,val6=0;
int filter[3][3] = {0,-1, 0, -1, 4, -1, 0, -1, 0};

// opening an input image
ifp.open("LENA.pgm", ios::in | ios::binary);
if (!ifp){
cout << "Can't read image: " << endl;
exit(1);
}

// read header
ifp.getline(header,100,'\n');
if ( (header[0] != 80) && (header[1] != 53) ){
cout << "Image " << ifp << " is not PGM or PPM" << endl;
exit(1);
}

ifp.getline(header,100,'\n');
while(header[0]=='#')
ifp.getline(header,100,'\n');

M=strtol(header,&ptr,0);
N=atoi(ptr);

ifp.getline(header,100,'\n');
Q=strtol(header,&ptr,0);

// printing the details of image
cout<<"\nNumber of rows:"<<M<<"\nNumber of columns:"<<N<<"\nMaximum pixel
value:"<<Q<<endl;
cout<<"\nReading pixel values";

// creating dynamic memory for the input image and output image
charImage = (unsigned char *) new unsigned char [M*N];
OutImage = (unsigned char *) new unsigned char [M*N];

// changing the 2-d values into vector format
ifp.read( reinterpret_cast<char *>(charImage), (M*N)*sizeof(unsigned char));
if (ifp.fail())
{
cout << "Image " << ifp << " has wrong size" << endl;
exit(1);
}

for(i=1;i<M;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<N;j++)
{
//calculating the pixels of output image
val1=(long int) charImage [(i-1)*M+j]; //0,1
val2=(long int) charImage [i*M+(j-1)]; //1,0
val3=(long int) charImage [(i+1)*M+j]; //2,1
val4=(long int) charImage [i*M+(j+1)]; //1,2
val5=(long int) charImage [i*M+j];
val6=fabs((val1+val2+val3+val4)-(4*val5));
OutImage[i*M+j]=(char) val6;
}
}

ofp.open("laplacian.pgm", ios::out | ios::binary);

if (!ofp){
cout << "Can't open file: " << ofp << endl;
exit(1);
}

// writing the header information into output file
ofp << "P5"<<"\r\n" ;
ofp << M << " " << N << endl<<"\r\n";
ofp << Q << "\r\n";
ofp.write( reinterpret_cast<char *>(OutImage), (M*N)*sizeof(unsigned char));

if (ofp.fail()){
cout << "Can't write image " << ofp << endl;
exit(0);
}

ofp.close();

// deleting the static memory created
delete [] charImage;
delete [] OutImage;

return (0);
ifp.close();
}

Console Output:

Number of rows:512
Number of columns:512
Maximum pixel value:255

Reading pixel values
--------------------------------
Process exited after 0.03423 seconds with return value 0
Press any key to continue . . .





Output:

Input Image Output Image




Output Image with threshold value 15






D) Edge Detection using Prewitt Mask:
Source Code:

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <math.h>

using namespace std;

int main(){

// varible initialization
int i, j, M,N, Q,iLow,iHigh;
unsigned char *charImage,* OutImage;
char header [100], *ptr;
ifstream ifp;
ofstream ofp;
bool type;
long int hist[256]={0},out[256]={0};
int val=0,val1=0,val2=0,val3=0,val4=0,val5=0,val6=0,val7=0,val8=0,val9=0,valx,valy,valn;
long int filter1[3][3] = {{-1,0,1},
{-1,0,1},
{-1,0,1}};
long int filter2[3][3] = {{-1,-1,-1},
{0,0,0},
{1,1,1}};

// opening an input image
ifp.open("LENA.pgm", ios::in | ios::binary);
if (!ifp){
cout << "Can't read image: " << endl;
exit(1);
}

// read header
ifp.getline(header,100,'\n');
if ( (header[0] != 80) && (header[1] != 53) ){
cout << "Image " << ifp << " is not PGM or PPM" << endl;
exit(1);
}

ifp.getline(header,100,'\n');
while(header[0]=='#')
ifp.getline(header,100,'\n');

M=strtol(header,&ptr,0);
N=atoi(ptr);

ifp.getline(header,100,'\n');
Q=strtol(header,&ptr,0);

// printing the details of image
cout<<"\nNumber of rows:"<<M<<"\nNumber of columns:"<<N<<"\nMaximum pixel
value:"<<Q<<endl;
cout<<"\nReading pixel values";

// creating dynamic memory for the input image and output image
charImage = (unsigned char *) new unsigned char [M*N];
OutImage = (unsigned char *) new unsigned char [M*N];

// changing the 2-d values into vector format
ifp.read( reinterpret_cast<char *>(charImage), (M*N)*sizeof(unsigned char));
if (ifp.fail())
{
cout << "Image " << ifp << " has wrong size" << endl;
exit(1);
}

for(i=1;i<M;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<N;j++)
{
//calculating the pixels of output image
val1=(long int) charImage [(i-1)*M+(j-1)]; //0,1
val2=(long int) charImage [i*M+(j-1)]; //1,0
val3=(long int) charImage [(i+1)*M+(j-1)]; //2,1
val4=(long int) charImage [(i-1)*M+j]; //1,2
val5=(long int) charImage [(i)*M+j]; //0,1
val6=(long int) charImage [(i+1)*M+j]; //1,0
val7=(long int) charImage [(i-1)*M+(j+1)]; //2,1
val8=(long int) charImage [i*M+(j+1)]; //1,2
val9=(long int) charImage [(i+1)*M+(j+1)];

valx=fabs(val1*filter1[0][0]+val2*filter1[1][0]+val3*filter1[2][0]+val4*filter1[0][1]+val5*filter1[1][1]+
val6*filter1[2][1]+val7*filter1[0][2]+val8*filter1[1][2]+val9*filter1[2][2]);

valy=fabs(val1*filter2[0][0]+val2*filter2[1][0]+val3*filter2[2][0]+val4*filter2[0][1]+val5*filter2[1][1]+
val6*filter2[2][1]+val7*filter2[0][2]+val8*filter2[1][2]+val9*filter2[2][2]);
//val=sqrt(valx*valx+valy*valy);
if(valx>valy)
val=valx;
else
val=valy;

OutImage[i*M+j]=(char) val;
}
}

ofp.open("prewitts.pgm", ios::out | ios::binary);

if (!ofp){
cout << "Can't open file: " << ofp << endl;
exit(1);
}

// writing the header information into output file
ofp << "P5"<<"\r\n" ;
ofp << M << " " << N << endl<<"\r\n";
ofp << Q << "\r\n";
ofp.write( reinterpret_cast<char *>(OutImage), (M*N)*sizeof(unsigned char));

if (ofp.fail()){
cout << "Can't write image " << ofp << endl;
exit(0);
}

ofp.close();

// deleting the static memory created
delete [] charImage;
delete [] OutImage;

return (0);
ifp.close();
}

Console Output:

Number of rows:512
Number of columns:512
Maximum pixel value:255

Reading pixel values
--------------------------------
Process exited after 0.03878 seconds with return value 0
Press any key to continue . . .






Outputs:

Input Image Output Image

Output Image with threshold value 15








E) Edge detection using Sobel Masks
Source Code:

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <math.h>

using namespace std;

int main(){

// varible initialization
int i, j, M,N, Q,iLow,iHigh;
unsigned char *charImage,* OutImage;
char header [100], *ptr;
ifstream ifp;
ofstream ofp;
bool type;
long int hist[256]={0},out[256]={0};
int val=0,val1=0,val2=0,val3=0,val4=0,val5=0,val6=0,val7=0,val8=0,val9=0,valx,valy,valn;
long int filter1[3][3] = {{-1,0,1},
{-2,0,2},
{-1,0,1}};
long int filter2[3][3] = {{-1,-2,-1},
{0,0,0},
{1,2,1}};

// opening an input image
ifp.open("LENA.pgm", ios::in | ios::binary);
if (!ifp){
cout << "Can't read image: " << endl;
exit(1);
}

// read header
ifp.getline(header,100,'\n');
if ( (header[0] != 80) && (header[1] != 53) ){
cout << "Image " << ifp << " is not PGM or PPM" << endl;
exit(1);
}

ifp.getline(header,100,'\n');
while(header[0]=='#')
ifp.getline(header,100,'\n');

M=strtol(header,&ptr,0);
N=atoi(ptr);

ifp.getline(header,100,'\n');
Q=strtol(header,&ptr,0);

// printing the details of image
cout<<"\nNumber of rows:"<<M<<"\nNumber of columns:"<<N<<"\nMaximum pixel value:"<<Q<<endl;
cout<<"\nReading pixel values";

// creating dynamic memory for the input image and output image
charImage = (unsigned char *) new unsigned char [M*N];
OutImage = (unsigned char *) new unsigned char [M*N];

// changing the 2-d values into vector format
ifp.read( reinterpret_cast<char *>(charImage), (M*N)*sizeof(unsigned char));
if (ifp.fail())
{
cout << "Image " << ifp << " has wrong size" << endl;
exit(1);
}

for(i=1;i<M;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<N;j++)
{
//calculating the pixels of output image
val1=(long int) charImage [(i-1)*M+(j-1)]; //0,1
val2=(long int) charImage [i*M+(j-1)]; //1,0
val3=(long int) charImage [(i+1)*M+(j-1)]; //2,1
val4=(long int) charImage [(i-1)*M+j]; //1,2
val5=(long int) charImage [(i)*M+j]; //0,1
val6=(long int) charImage [(i+1)*M+j]; //1,0
val7=(long int) charImage [(i-1)*M+(j+1)]; //2,1
val8=(long int) charImage [i*M+(j+1)]; //1,2
val9=(long int) charImage [(i+1)*M+(j+1)];

valx=fabs(val1*filter1[0][0]+val2*filter1[1][0]+val3*filter1[2][0]+val4*filter1[0][1]+val5*filter1[1][1]+val6
*filter1[2][1]+val7*filter1[0][2]+val8*filter1[1][2]+val9*filter1[2][2]);

valy=fabs(val1*filter2[0][0]+val2*filter2[1][0]+val3*filter2[2][0]+val4*filter2[0][1]+val5*filter2[1][1]+val
6*filter2[2][1]+val7*filter2[0][2]+val8*filter2[1][2]+val9*filter2[2][2]);
//val=sqrt(valx*valx+valy*valy);
if(valx>valy)
val=valx;
else
val=valy;

OutImage[i*M+j]=(char) val;
}
}

ofp.open("sobel.pgm", ios::out | ios::binary);

if (!ofp){
cout << "Can't open file: " << ofp << endl;
exit(1);
}

// writing the header information into output file
ofp << "P5"<<"\r\n" ;
ofp << M << " " << N << endl<<"\r\n";
ofp << Q << "\r\n";
ofp.write( reinterpret_cast<char *>(OutImage), (M*N)*sizeof(unsigned char));

if (ofp.fail()){
cout << "Can't write image " << ofp << endl;
exit(0);
}

ofp.close();

// deleting the static memory created
delete [] charImage;
delete [] OutImage;

return (0);
ifp.close();
}

Console Output:


Number of rows:512
Number of columns:512
Maximum pixel value:255

Reading pixel values
--------------------------------
Process exited after 0.03873 seconds with return value 0
Press any key to continue . . .






Outputs:

Input Image Output Image




Output Image with threshold value 45