Republic of the Philippines
Department of Public Works and Highways
ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE
DEVELOPMENT IN THE
PHILIPPINES
By
MARIA CATALINA E. CABRAL, PhD
Assistant Secretary for Planning
December 2009
OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
Strategy of Philippine Infrastructure
Development Plan
DPWH Medium-Term Public Investment
Program
Public Private Partnership Initiatives
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Public Works and Highways
BASIC MANDATE:
Planning of infrastructure, such as roads and bridges, flood
control, water resources projects and other public works, and the
design, construction, and maintenance of national roads and
bridges, and major flood control systems.
These activities are undertaken in support of the national
development objectives as envisioned in the 2005-2010 MediumTerm Philippine Development Plan(MTPDP).
Philippine Road Network
Overall road
network as of
December 2007:
201,138 km
Road Density :
0.671 km Per
square km. of land
area
Overall paved
road ratio: low
level of 0.23 (due
to huge inventory
of barangay
roads or farm to
village roads)
Road Classification
North-South Backbone
East-West Lateral
Other Road of Strategic Importance
Secondary National Road
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS
Road Densities and Paved Road Ratios in the
Philippines and other ASEAN Developing Countries
Countries
Philippines
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand
Vietnam
Total Road
Length
(km)
205,497
268,030
64,373
201,855
153,312
Paved
Land
Road
Area
Ratio
sq km
0.23
300,000
0.48 1,919,500
0.75
329,733
0.82
513,115
0.35
330,991
2007
Population
88,574,614
234,693,997
24,821,286
65,068,149
85,262,356
Paved Road Density
km/sq km
km/1000
population
0.15
0.50
0.07
0.55
0.15
1.95
0.32
2.54
0.16
0.63
Philippine Road Network
Total Road Lengths and Paved Road Ratio, by Classification
Classification
Length (km)
Paved Road
Ratio
National Roads
National Arterial
National Secondary
29,369
15,559
13,810
0.70
0.79
0.60
Provincial Roads
31,284
0.25
7,052
0.77
Municipal Roads
15,803
0.34
Barangay Roads
121,989
0.07
205,497
0.23
City Roads
TOTAL
Philippine Road Network
Condition of the Philippine Highway Network :
ONLY 80% OF TOTAL NATIONAL ARTERIAL ROAD
NETWORK IS PAVED, 45% OF THE PAVED
SECTIONS NEED TO BE REHABILITATED, AND
20% OF THE NETWORK IS STILL UNPAVED.
FOR NATIONAL SECONDARY ROADS, ABOUT 60%
IS PAVED, 39% OF THE PAVED SECTIONS NEED
TO BE REHABILITATED, WHILE 44% IS STILL
UNPAVED.
ABOUT 23% OF TOTAL LENGTH OF ALL ROADS IS
PAVED AND 77% IS STILL UNPAVED.
7
Philippine National Road
Network
1. NORTH-SOUTH BACKBONE (5,233
km) main trunk line from
northernmost Luzon down to
Southern Mindanao interconnecting
major islands.
2. EAST-WEST LATERALS (2,965 km)
roads traversing backbone and
across the islands (about 100 km
apart)
3. OTHER ROADS (7,362 km) direct
access to important centers and
areas vital for regional development
and emergencies.
4. NATIONAL SECONDARY ROADS
(13,810 km) other roads which
complement national arterial roads
to provide access to other main
population and production centers
Legend
Road Classification
North-South Backbone
East-West Lateral
Other Road of Strategic Importance
Secondary National Road
MEDIUM-TERM INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT PROGRAM
(CY 2005-2010)
Highways
Flood Control
Other DP WH P rojects
Grand Total
700,000,000
650,000,000
600,000,000
INVESTMENT REQUIREMENT
(In Thousand Pesos)
550,000,000
500,000,000
450,000,000
400,000,000
350,000,000
300,000,000
250,000,000
200,000,000
150,000,000
100,000,000
50,000,000
P r i or Y ear s
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
T ot al ( 2005-
Lat er Y ear s
T ot al C ost
2010)
H i ghways
53, 611, 827
26, 501, 038
35, 503, 825
37, 990, 387
58, 996, 057
87, 233, 969
102, 641, 761
348, 867, 037
328, 577, 217
731, 056, 083
Fl ood C ont r ol
17, 672, 730
4, 987, 213
4, 836, 129
7, 329, 219
4, 703, 829
7, 639, 451
6, 694, 068
36, 189, 909
60, 174, 073
114, 036, 712
7, 231, 703
7, 380, 000
17, 342, 394
27, 855, 974
29, 521, 080
33, 144, 166
122, 475, 317
36, 320, 115
158, 795, 432
38, 719, 954
47, 719, 954
62, 662, 000
91, 555, 860
124, 394, 500
142, 479, 995
507, 532, 263
425, 071, 405
1, 003, 888, 227
Ot her D P W H P r oj ect s
Gr and T ot al
71, 284, 557
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS
DESIRED OUTCOMES OVER THE MEDIUM-TERM
a.
National arterial roads (15,663 km) will be 95 percent
paved by 2010, compared to 83 percent in 2005. This will
require the paving of 2,207 km and the
rehabilitation/widening/ upgrading/construction of 2,292
km.
a.
National secondary roads (13,987 km) will be 70 percent
paved by 2010, compared to the existing 52 percent in
2005. This will entail the paving of 3,835 km and the
rehabilitation of 1,390 km.
a.
National bridges (314,456) lineal meters or lm) will be 100
percent permanent by 2010, compared to the 93 percent
in 2005. This will involve the replacement of 12,400 lm of
temporary bridges and the improvement of 6,047 lm of
existing bridges. The program will also include the
construction of 2,154 lm of new bridges.
10
ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE POLICIES AND
STRATEGIES
1. IMPLEMENT ROAD ACTIVITIES IN THE FOLLOWING ORDER OF PRIORITIES:
(a) MAINTENANCE (to preserve existing roads in good condition)
(b) REHABILITATION (to restore damaged roads to original designed condition)
(c) IMPROVEMENT (to upgrade road features to efficiently serve the traffic), and
(d) NEW CONSTRUCTION.
2. FOCUS ON PAVING AND UPGRADING THE NATIONAL ROAD NETWORK, ESPECIALLY
THE ARTERIAL SYSTEM, BASED ON THE PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING
THE HDM 4 MODEL.
3. PRIORITIZE ROADS SERVING DESIGNATED KEY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
AREAS, TOURISM DESTINATIONS, AND GROWTH CENTERS, AND THOSE WHICH
WILL IMPROVE LAW AND ORDER.
11
ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE POLICIES AND STRATEGIES
ROADS
4.
IN MAJOR URBAN CENTERS, IMPROVE TRAFFIC FLOW
AT
MAIN
CORRIDORS,
THROUGH
TRAFFIC
ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT, INTERMODAL
INTEGRATION, AND SELECTED FLYOVERS AND
BYPASSES.
5.
ENCOURAGE MORE Public-Private Partnership (PPP)
ROAD
PROJECTS
FOR
HEAVILY
TRAVELLED
CORRIDORS WHERE COSTS CAN BE DIRECTLY
RECOVERED THROUGH TOLLS.
12
DPWH 2005-2010 MEDIUM TERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN
INFRASTRUCTURE POLICIES AND STRATEGIES
Strategies
1.
Objectives
UNDER THE LONG AND MEDIUM TERM PLANS AND PROGRAMS:
a. Pave all
national roads
with concrete
or asphalt
Increase ratio of paved length to total length
of national roads from 70% in 2004 to 95%
in 2010, with International Roughness Index
(IRI) of less than 4.
13
DPWH 2005-2010 MEDIUM TERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN
INFRASTRUCTURE POLICIES AND STRATEGIES
Strategies
Objectives
1. UNDER THE LONG AND MEDIUM TERM PLANS AND PROGRAMS:
b. Replace/construct
national bridges with
permanent structures
throughout the country
Increase ratio of permanent to total
national bridges, from 93% in 2004
to 100% in 2010.
14
DPWH 2005-2010 MEDIUM TERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN
INFRASTRUCTURE POLICIES AND STRATEGIES
c. Prioritize roads to support the
10-point agenda of the
Government:
10 POINT AGENDA
BEAT THE ODDS!
1. Ten Million jobs shall have been created
2. Everyone of school age will be in school, in an uncrowded
classroom, in surroundings conducive to learning. Three thousand
school buildings a year shall have been built and a computer put in
every high school.
3. The budget shall have been balanced with the right revenues
collected and spending on the right things ensured.
4. The network of transport and digital infrastructure on
which the Arroyo government embarked in 2002 shall
have linked the entire country.
5. Power and water shall have been regularly provided in
the entire country.
6. Metro Manila will have been decongested with
economic activity growing and spreading to new
centers of government, business and community in
Luzon, in the Visayas, and in Mindanao.
7. The Subic-Clark corridors will have become the most competitive
international service and logistics center in the Southeast asian
region
8. Elections will no longer raise a doubt about their integrity. The
electoral process will have been completely computerized.
9. Peace will have come to Mindanao and all insurgency areas
10.The divisive issues generated by EDSA 1, 2 and 3 will have had a
just closure.
15
DPWH 2005-2010 MEDIUM TERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN
INFRASTRUCTURE POLICIES AND STRATEGIES
Strategies
Objectives
c.1 Complete the nautical
highways to transport
the products of
Mindanao to Luzon
and Visayas
Complete paving and
improve remaining
unimproved road
sections of the
Western, Central, and
Eastern Nautical
Highways. Rehabilitate
or replace weak bridges
along the routes.
16
DPWH 2005-2010 MEDIUM TERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN
INFRASTRUCTURE POLICIES AND STRATEGIES
Strategies
c.2 Decongest
Metro Manila
Objectives
Complete Expressway
projects and undertake
projects to speed traffic
in and out of Metro
Manila
17
DPWH 2005-2010 MEDIUM TERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN
INFRASTRUCTURE POLICIES AND STRATEGIES
Strategies
Objectives
c.3 Address
critical
transport
bottlenecks
In urban areas, implement widening, traffic
management and intersections improvement to ease
congestion. In rural areas, pave and improve
arterial road links between regional centers and
production areas.
18
DPWH 2005-2010 MEDIUM TERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN
INFRASTRUCTURE POLICIES AND STRATEGIES
Strategies
Objectives
c.4 Improve
access to
major tourist
destinations
Pave and improve roads
leading to tourist
complexes at Cebu-BoholCamigiun, Palawan,
Cordillera, Clark-Subic and
Davao.
19
DPWH 2005-2010 MEDIUM TERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN
INFRASTRUCTURE POLICIES AND STRATEGIES
Strategies
c.5
Improve roads to support
peace and development in
Muslim Mindanao and
other conflict/
impoverished areas
Objectives
Pave and improve
roads in ARMM, Bondoc
Peninsula (Quezon),
Cordillera, Bicol and
20
Samar.
DPWH 2005-2010 MEDIUM TERM DEVELOPMENT
PLAN INFRASTRUCTURE POLICIES AND STRATEGIES
Strategies
3. Institutionalize Information
Technology (IT)-aided planning
processes developed under the
Road Information and
Management Support System
(RIMSS).
Objectives
Implement Road Network Planning
and Multi-Year Programming System
(RNPMYPS), Pavement Mgt. System
(PMS), Bridge Mgt. System (BMS),
Routine Maintenance Mgt. System
(RMMS), Road Safety Program, and
Road
and
Bridge
Information
Applications (RBIA) for all national
roads.
21
DPWH 2005-2010 MEDIUM TERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN
INFRASTRUCTURE POLICIES AND STRATEGIES
Strategies
Objectives
4. Allocate infrastructure funds according to the following order priority:
a.
Preservation and
maintenance (especially
national roads).
- to preserve existing
roads in good condition
Increase allocation for maintenance of
national roads from P4.8B to P13.5B
by 2010 to fully meet computed needs,
with International Roughness Index
(IRI) of less than 4.
22
DPWH 2005-2010 MEDIUM TERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN
INFRASTRUCTURE POLICIES AND STRATEGIES
Strategies
b. Rehabilitation
Objectives
To restore damaged
roads to original
designed condition
23
DPWH 2005-2010 MEDIUM TERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN
INFRASTRUCTURE POLICIES AND STRATEGIES
Strategies
c. Improvement
Objectives
To upgrade roads
features to efficiently
serve the traffic (from
gravel to concrete)
24
DPWH 2005-2010 MEDIUM TERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN
INFRASTRUCTURE POLICIES AND STRATEGIES
Strategies
d. New construction
Objectives
Construction of bypasses,
widening of roads, road
opening
25
FY 2009 CAPITAL OUTLAYS BUDGET
(BY MODE OF FINANCING)
GOP
COUNTERPART
P 8.027 B
(31.98% of FAPs )
LOCALLY -FUNDED
PROJECTS
P 74.674B
(74.84%)
FOREIGN
COMPONENT
P 17.072 B
(68.02% of FAPs )
FOREIGN-ASSISTED
PROJECTS
P 25.099B
(25.16%)
TOTAL CAPITAL OUTLAYS - P 99.773 B
26
DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENT OF
OF PUBLIC
PUBLIC WORKS
WORKS AND
AND HIGHWAYS
HIGHWAYS
FY 2009 FOREIGN-ASSISTED PROJECTS
BY INTERNATIONAL FUNDING INSTITUTION
Others
0.600, 2%
Finnish
0.255, 1%
Korean
0.954, 4%
Austrian
1.052%, 4%
JICA/JBIC
11.604
46%
Spanish
0.900, 4%
Saudi
0.692, 3%
World Bank
4.382
17%
UK
4.660, 19%
TOTAL FOREIGN-ASSISTED PROJECTS P25.099 B
US Dollar = $523 Million
27
PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP)
INITIATIVES
28
POLICY
The Government of the Philippines
recognizes the
indispensable role of the private sector as the main engine
for national growth and development and provide the most
appropriate incentives to mobilize private resources for
financing the construction, operation and maintenance of
infrastructure and development projects normally financed
and undertaken by the Government.
Such incentives, aside from financial incentives as provided by
law, include providing a climate of minimum government
regulations and procedures and specific government
undertakings in support of the private sector.
29
PPP is essentially a contractual arrangement
entered into by a national government
implementing agency (IA) to authorize the
private sector entity to finance, construct,
operate and maintain a facility, and, in the
process, to charge user fees or receive
compensation from the government. The choice
of the PPP mode may vary from any of the
schemes authorized under the BOT Law.
30
Transfer of the burden of raising funds for projects
and project risks to the private sector;
Government resources are freed and re-allocated for
other urgent uses;
The entry of private sector superior technology and
expertise is paved;
Project implementation is hastened and operating
efficiency is assured; and
Creation of conditions for technology transfer and
training.
31
The fundamental legal bases for implementing
PPP projects are the:
BOT Law (Republic Act 6957 as amended by
Republic Act 7718, approved 05 May 1994, and
its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR);
and
Government Owned and Controlled Corporations
(GOCC) Charter examples are Public Estates
Authority (PEA), National Development Company
(NDC) and others
32
CONTRACTUAL ARRANGEMENTS/SCHEMES
Private sector proponents
can now use different
variants
to
implement
infrastructure
projects
under
the
BOT
arrangement.
The BOT
Law allows nine specific
variants described in the
table below and other
modes subject to the
approval of the President
Build-and-Transfer (BT)
Build- Lease-Transfer (BLT)
Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT)
Build- Own- Operate (BOO)
Build-transfer-Operate (BTO)
Contract-Add-Operate (CAO)
Develop-Operate-and-Transfer
(DOT)
Rehabilitate-operate-and
Transfer (ROT)
Rehabilitate-Own-Operate (ROO)
33
Under the BOT scheme, a private proponent enters into
a contractual arrangement with the IA to undertake any
or a combination of the BOT variants for an
infrastructure facility. The following rights may be
bestowed on the private proponent:
To operate the facility over a fixed period, not to
exceed 50 years;
To charge facility users fees, tolls, rentals or share in
the revenue of the project; and
To recover capital, operating and maintenance
expenses and
earn a reasonable return on
investment.
34
BOT CENTER
The agency mandated to coordinate and
monitor projects implemented under the Act,
pursuant to Administrative Order No. 67
(s. 1999), as amended by Administrative
Order No. 103 (s. 2000) and Executive Order
No 144 (s. 2002)
35
EXPRESSWAYS IN OPERATION
Location
Length
Year Opened to
Traffic
Funding
Balintawak-Sta.
Ines, Pampanga
82.62
1977 (original) 2005
BOT
MuntinlupaCalamba, Laguna
28.53
1977 (original)
2008 (rehabilitated)
BOT
Manila-Cavite Toll
Expressway
ParanaqueZapote, Cavite
6.75
1999
BOT
Southern Tagalog
Arterial Road
Batangas
41.90
2001 (Stage I)
2008 (StageII)
ODA
BOT
Metro Manila
13.43 (At-grade)
9.30 (viaduct)
1977
1997
BOT
Subic-ClarkTarlac
93.77
2007
ODA
North Luzon Tollway
South Luzon Tollway
Metro Manila Skyway,
Stage 1
Subic-Clark-Tarlac
Expressway
(rehabilitated)
276.3
36
EXPRESSWAYS UNDER CONSTRUCTION/PLANNING
Location
Metro Manila
Skyway, Stage 2
Stage 3
South Luzon Tollway,
TR3
Manila-Cavite Toll
Expressway, R-1
Extension
Length
(km)
Started
Target
Completion
Funding
Bicutan-Alabang
Buendia-NLEX
6.88
17.50
April 2009
Under planning Stage
2010
BOT
Calamba-Sto. Tomas, Batangas
7.50
March 2008
2011
BOT
Zapote- Kawit, Cavite
7.00
March 2006
2010
BOT
Mindanao Ave., Quezon CityNLE, Valenzuela City
C.P. Garcia-Mindanao Ave.
NLEX-MacArthur
2.34
April 2009
2010
BOT
10.23
4.06
Under planning Stage
MacArthur-Letre
5.63
Tarlac City, Pangasinan - Rosario,
La Union
88.58
2010
BOT
North Luzon Tollway,
Phase 2
Segment 8.1
Segment 8.2
Segment 9
Phase 3
Segment 10
Tarlac- PangasinanLa Union (TPLEX)
Total
-do2008
(ROWA and DE)
February 2009
(Construction)
2013
149.72
37
Expressway Network in the Philippines
Manila
Tarlac
SCTEX
94kmYen Loan
Clark
(International Airport)
NLEX
84km
Subic-Tipo
9km
Subic
Port
Manila Cavite Toll
6km
NCR Port,
International
Airport
SLEX
29km
SCTEX and Portion of STAR were constructed with Japanese
Yen Loan
Total Length of approx. 270 km
in Operation
Skyway
13km
Batangus
Port
Mostly BOT (ROT) Projects
Operated or Planned only in
Central Luzon with Forecasted
High Traffic Demand
STAR
39km
Yen Loan
+ BOT
Operated
Planned
Skyway: Two Storied Expressway of Viaduct and At-Grade
38
NETWORK OF EXISTING AND PLANNED EXPRESSWAYS
39
CURRENT INITIATIVES TO DEVELOP MORE EXPRESSWAYS
Study of Master Plan of High Standard Highway Development
The DPWH, with technical assistance from JICA, will formulate a Master Plan of
High Standard Highways within the area of 200 km radius from Metro Manila, Metro
Cebu and the Tagum, Davao-Gen. Santos corridor. A major output from this study
will be identification of road network and routes for the high standard highways to
meet future traffic demand. The study will be completed in April 2010 .
Cavite-Laguna (CALA) Tollway Project
The project involves the following
components:
1. North-South Road (NS) Highway, a 27.2
km. six-lane highway extending from
Bacoor, Cavite in the north to Sta. RosaLaguna in the south.
2. East-West Road, a 24.3 km. highway
extending the existing Daang Hari (DH)
road eastward to SLEX and westward to
Tanza.
With technical assistance by the World Bank,
the project is being developed as a Private
Public Partnership (PPP) project Target
implementation of the NS Road is 2012.
40
CURRENT INITIATIVES TO DEVELOP MORE EXPRESSWAY
Feasibility Study of Central Luzon Expressway (CLEX) Project.
The study will verify and confirm viability of a road directly connecting Pan-Philippine
Highway (PPH) to Subic-Clark-Tarlac Expressway (SCTEX) and an extension to
north-eastern Luzon. If implemented, about 30 km of expressways will serve as
seamless road link in that area . The study will be completed by end of December
2009.
Circumferential
Project
Road
(C-6)
The C-6 Project will be a six lane
tollway connecting North Luzon
Expressway
(NLEX)
in
Marilao,
Bulacan and South Luzon Expressway
(SLEX), in Taguig, Metro Manila. Its
approximate length of 64.7 km will
traverse part of Metro Manila, four (4)
municipalities in Rizal Province and
three (3) municipalities in Bulacan
Province. A feasibility study will be
conducted with technical assistance
from the Korean government starting
2010.
41
CURRENT INITIATIVES TO DEVELOP MORE EXPRESSWAY
Business Case for PPP Projects
The DPWH will develop a pipeline of potential expressway projects
for PPP implementation within the next medium term. About six
(6) expressway projects have been initially identified and this will
be subjected to a business case study to determine
the
appropriateness of the projects for PPP. The business case will
determine costs, issues, and basic clearances, especially those
issues that may prevent a particular project from proceeding.
Consultants to undertake the study will be procured in the first
quarter of 2010.
42
CONCLUSIONS
Opportunities for providing expressways have increased in recent years
and are still increasing. DPWH will pursue their construction within the
next medium term.
43
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Public Works and Highways
Thank You!
DPWH website: www.dpwh.gov.ph
44
